List of Figures | p. x |
List of Tables | p. xii |
Preface | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xvi |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Purpose and Scope | p. 3 |
Applied Civil Engineering Design | p. 3 |
Objectives | p. 4 |
Special Features and Approaches | p. 4 |
Use of Design Guidelines | p. 5 |
Contract Documents | p. 7 |
Purpose | p. 7 |
Competitive Bidding | p. 7 |
Bid Documents | p. 9 |
Contract Documents | p. 9 |
Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee Documents | p. 10 |
Permits | p. 11 |
Characterization of Project Site | p. 13 |
Site Characterization | p. 13 |
Geology | p. 13 |
Subsurface Investigation | p. 14 |
Prior Site Use Research | p. 16 |
Topographic Survey | p. 17 |
Topographic Map | p. 18 |
Levels of Investigation | p. 21 |
Construction Drawings | p. 23 |
Civil Design Drawings | p. 25 |
Introduction | p. 25 |
Levels of Design Drawings | p. 26 |
Drawing Information | p. 29 |
Building a Set of Construction Drawings | p. 31 |
Drawing Sheet Size | p. 31 |
Drawing Title Block | p. 32 |
Sheet Organization | p. 33 |
Layout of a Civil Design Plan | p. 37 |
Design Controls | p. 37 |
Stationing and Offsets | p. 38 |
Scale Selection | p. 39 |
Scale Display | p. 40 |
Graphical Representation of Civil Design | p. 41 |
General | p. 41 |
Plan View | p. 41 |
Section View | p. 44 |
Elevation View | p. 47 |
Profile View | p. 47 |
Details | p. 48 |
Line Types | p. 49 |
Effective Use of Line Weights | p. 56 |
Lettering | p. 57 |
Legend, Abbreviations, and Notes | p. 59 |
Legend and Symbols | p. 59 |
Abbreviations | p. 62 |
Notes | p. 63 |
Drawing Production Techniques | p. 67 |
General | p. 67 |
Establishing Catch Points and Catch Lines | p. 67 |
Effective Use of Hatching and Shading | p. 70 |
Use of Callouts and Dimensioning | p. 72 |
Use of Scaled and Unscaled Details | p. 74 |
Enlarging Details | p. 76 |
Distinguishing New and Existing Work | p. 77 |
Representing Symmetry | p. 79 |
Use of Three-Dimensional Graphics | p. 80 |
Checking Drawings | p. 81 |
Designing with the Metric System | p. 83 |
General | p. 83 |
Metric System Design Practice | p. 83 |
Equipment and Products | p. 85 |
Computer-Aided Drafting | p. 87 |
Current Trend | p. 87 |
Computer-Aided Tools and Capabilities | p. 87 |
Roles and Responsibilities | p. 89 |
Handling of Files | p. 91 |
Certifying Construction Drawings | p. 93 |
Common Practice of Drawing Certification | p. 93 |
Who Should Certify Drawings? | p. 94 |
Electronic Stamp and Signature | p. 95 |
Design Changes and Record Drawings | p. 97 |
Design Changes | p. 97 |
Record Drawings | p. 99 |
Technical Specifications | p. 101 |
Purpose and Use | p. 103 |
Role of Technical Specifications | p. 103 |
Users of Specifications | p. 104 |
Relationship with General and Supplemental Conditions | p. 105 |
Relationship with Drawings | p. 105 |
Technical and Design Issues | p. 109 |
The Specification Writer | p. 109 |
Problem Areas | p. 111 |
Philosophical Approach | p. 115 |
Technical Correctness and Quality Control | p. 118 |
Contractor's Means and Methods | p. 119 |
Specifying Materials/Products | p. 120 |
Contractor's and Manufacturer's Roles | p. 122 |
Specifying Tolerances | p. 122 |
Engineer's Discretion and Control | p. 124 |
Handling Unknowns and Changed Conditions | p. 125 |
Owner-Furnished Equipment and Materials | p. 128 |
Site-Safety Issues | p. 128 |
Good Specification-Writing Practices | p. 131 |
Literary Style | p. 131 |
Recommended Guidelines | p. 131 |
Types of Construction Specifications | p. 137 |
General | p. 137 |
Descriptive Specifications | p. 137 |
Performance Specifications | p. 138 |
Standard Reference Specifications | p. 140 |
Proprietary Specifications | p. 142 |
Agency Specifications | p. 143 |
Considerations for Federal Projects | p. 145 |
Construction Specifications Institute Format | p. 147 |
Introduction | p. 147 |
MasterFormat | p. 147 |
SectionFormat | p. 149 |
PageFormat | p. 152 |
Summary | p. 153 |
Measurement and Payment Provisions | p. 155 |
Importance of Payment Provisions | p. 155 |
Formulation of a Bid Schedule | p. 156 |
Methods of Payment | p. 159 |
Definition of Measurement Methods | p. 160 |
Payment of Lump Sum Work | p. 161 |
Writing Measurement and Payment Clauses | p. 161 |
Presenting Reference Data | p. 165 |
General | p. 165 |
Relevant Data | p. 166 |
CSI Format | p. 167 |
Examples | p. 168 |
Cost Estimate | p. 169 |
Purpose and Use | p. 171 |
Introduction | p. 171 |
Levels of Estimate | p. 171 |
Role and Responsibility | p. 172 |
Quantity Estimate | p. 175 |
Units | p. 175 |
Quantity Calculations | p. 177 |
Methods of Computations | p. 178 |
Earthwork Calculations | p. 182 |
Allowance for Quantity Difference | p. 185 |
Quantity Survey | p. 186 |
Price Estimate | p. 189 |
General | p. 189 |
Cost Components | p. 190 |
Engineer's Approach | p. 192 |
Means Cost Data | p. 194 |
Other Considerations | p. 197 |
Cost-Risk Analysis | p. 199 |
Allowances and Contingencies | p. 201 |
General | p. 201 |
Design Contingency | p. 201 |
Construction Contingency | p. 202 |
Escalation Adjustment | p. 203 |
Evaluation of Bids | p. 205 |
General | p. 205 |
Bid Summary | p. 206 |
Unbalanced Bidding | p. 206 |
Bid Verification | p. 209 |
References | p. 211 |
Example Specifications for Reference Data Presentation | p. 213 |
Glossary | p. 217 |
List of Resources | p. 221 |
Index | p. 223 |
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