Soil Behaviour and Critical State Mechanics

By: David M. Wood

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Paperback | 7 November 1991

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Soils can rarely be described as ideally elastic or perfectly plastic and yet simple elastic and plastic models form the basis for the most traditional geotechnical engineering calculations. With the advent of cheap powerful computers the possibility of performing analyses based on more realistic models has become widely available. One of the aims of this book is to describe the basic ingredients of a family of simple elastic-plastic models of soil behavior and to demonstrate how such models can be used in numerical analyses. Such numerical analyses are often regarded as mysterious black boxes but a proper appreciation of their worth requires an understanding of the numerical models on which they are based. Though the models on which this book concentrates are simple, understanding of these will indicate the ways in which more sophisticated models will perform.

Industry Reviews

"...an interesting book which has fully accomplished its objectives. The text is well written and clearly illustrated. The exercises at the end of each chapter provide a good teaching tool. This book can be recommended as a textbook for advanced courses in geomechanics. As well, it will be very useful as a reference for practicing geotechnical engineers and as a guide for researchers in soil mechanics." Aleksandra M. Vinogradov, Applied Mechanics Review "A good book for graduate students and faculty interested in learning about the applicability and limitations of critical state soil mechanics in research and in engineering practice." Choice

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Civil Engineering Structural Engineering Soil & Rock Mechanics

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Civil Engineering Structural Engineering Soil & Rock Mechanics

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgements	p. xv
List of symbols	p. xvi
Introduction: models and soil mechanics	p. 1
Use of models in engineering	p. 1
Soil: volumetric variables	p. 5
Effective stresses: pore pressures	p. 12
Soil testing: stress and strain variables	p. 16
Triaxial apparatus	p. 16
Other testing apparatus	p. 28
Plane strain	p. 31
Pore pressure parameters	p. 33
Conclusion	p. 35
Exercises	p. 35
Elasticity	p. 37
Isotropic elasticity	p. 37
Soil elasticity	p. 40
Anisotropic elasticity	p. 46
The role of elasticity in soil mechanics	p. 52
Exercises	p. 53
Plasticity and yielding	p. 55
Introduction	p. 55
Yielding of metal tubes in combined tension and torsion	p. 57
Yielding of clays	p. 65
Yielding of sands	p. 76
Yielding of metals and soils	p. 81
Exercises	p. 82
Elastic-plastic model for soil	p. 84
Introduction	p. 84
Elastic volumetric strains	p. 85
Plastic volumetric strains and plastic hardening	p. 89
Plastic shear strains	p. 98
Frictional block	p. 99
Plastic potentials	p. 102
Normality or associated flow	p. 103
General plastic stress: strain relationship	p. 106
Summary: ingredients of elastic-plastic model	p. 107
Exercises	p. 109
A particular elastic-plastic model: Cam clay	p. 112
Introduction	p. 112
Cam clay	p. 113
Cam clay predictions: conventional drained triaxial compression	p. 118
Cam clay predictions: conventional undrained triaxial compression	p. 126
Conclusion	p. 136
Exercises	p. 137
Critical states	p. 139
Introduction: critical state line	p. 139
Two-dimensional representations of p':q:v information	p. 144
Critical states for clays	p. 149
Critical state line and qualitative soil response	p. 158
Critical states for sands and other granular materials	p. 162
Conclusion	p. 173
Exercises	p. 173
Strength of soils	p. 175
Introduction: Mohr-Coulomb failure	p. 175
Critical state line and undrained shear strength	p. 179
Critical state line and pore pressures at failure	p. 186
Peak strengths	p. 188
Peak strengths for clay	p. 196
Interpretation of peak strength data	p. 205
Peak strengths for sand	p. 207
Status of stability and collapse calculations	p. 213
Total and effective stress analyses	p. 215
Critical state strength and residual strength	p. 219
Conclusion	p. 224
Exercises	p. 224
Stress-dilatancy	p. 226
Introduction	p. 226
Plastic potentials, flow rules, and stress-dilatancy diagrams	p. 226
Stress-dilatancy in plane strain	p. 229
Work equations: 'original' Cam clay	p. 236
Rowe's stress-dilatancy relation	p. 239
Experimental findings	p. 244
Strength and dilatancy	p. 250
Conclusion	p. 251
Exercises	p. 252
Index properties	p. 256
Introduction	p. 256
Fall-cone test as index test	p. 257
Properties of insensitive soils	p. 262
Background to correlations	p. 277
Liquid limit	p. 277
Plastic limit	p. 280
Plasticity and compressibility; liquidity and strength	p. 282
Liquidity and critical states	p. 285
Liquidity and normal compression	p. 290
Sensitive soils	p. 296
Strength and overburden pressure	p. 301
Conclusion	p. 308
Exercises	p. 308
Stress paths and soil tests	p. 310
Introduction	p. 310
Display of stress paths	p. 312
Axially symmetric stress paths	p. 314
One-dimensional compression of soil	p. 314
One-dimensional unloading of soil	p. 320
Fluctuation of water table	p. 327
Elements on centreline beneath circular load	p. 328
Plane strain stress paths	p. 330
One-dimensional compression and unloading	p. 330
Elements beneath long embankment	p. 331
Elements adjacent to long excavation	p. 333
Element in long slope	p. 335
General stress paths	p. 336
Undrained strength of soil in various tests	p. 337
Modes of undrained deformation	p. 337
Undrained strengths: Cam clay model	p. 342
Conclusion	p. 351
Exercises	p. 351
Applications of elastic-plastic models	p. 354
Introduction	p. 354
Circular load on soft clay foundation	p. 355
Yielding and generation of pore pressure	p. 355
Yielding and immediate settlement	p. 365
Yielding and coefficient of consolidation	p. 369
Yielding and long-term settlement	p. 372
Finite element analyses of geotechnical problems	p. 376
Inhomogeneities within a triaxial test specimen	p. 377
Centrifuge model of embankment on soft clay	p. 382
Experimental embankment on soft clay at Cubzac-les-Ponts	p. 393
Conclusion	p. 408
Exercises	p. 409
Beyond the simple models	p. 414
Introduction: purpose of models	p. 414
Effects of time	p. 414
Inelastic elastic response	p. 422
Evolution of yield loci	p. 434
Concluding remarks: applicable models	p. 444
References	p. 448
Index	p. 459
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Soil Behaviour and Critical State Mechanics

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