Aerodynamics of Low Reynolds Number Flyers

By: Dragos Viieru, Yongsheng Lian, Wei Shyy, Jian Tang, Hao Liu

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Hardcover | 22 October 2007

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Hardcover
196 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
26.3 x 17.9 x 1.7

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Low Reynolds number aerodynamics is important to a number of natural and man-made flyers. Birds, bats, and insects have been of interest to biologists for years, and active study in the aerospace engineering community, motivated by interest in micro air vehicles (MAVs), has been increasing rapidly. The primary focus of this book is the aerodynamics associated with fixed and flapping wings. The book consider both biological flyers and MAVs, including a summary of the scaling laws-which relate the aerodynamics and flight characteristics to a flyer's sizing on the basis of simple geometric and dynamics analyses, structural flexibility, laminar-turbulent transition, airfoil shapes, and unsteady flapping wing aerodynamics. The interplay between flapping kinematics and key dimensionless parameters such as the Reynolds number, Strouhal number, and reduced frequency is highlighted. The various unsteady lift enhancement mechanisms are also addressed, including leading-edge vortex, rapid pitch-up and rotational circulation, wake capture, and clap-and-fling.

Industry Reviews

"The authors of this book, active pioneers of this new field, have assembled the first comprehensive treatment of the major new aerodynamic aspects pertaining to MAVs...It is well written and illustrated with 29 color and 130 black and white figures. It also has a quite comprehensive reference list. Therefore, it should be of value to scientists and engineers who wish to familiarize themselves with the aerodynamics of birds, insects, and micro air vehicles. In addition, students and anyone else who wishes to learn about the intricacies of aerodynamic lift and thrust generation will bene!t from reading parts of this book." Max F. Platzer, AIAA Journal

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Nomenclature	p. xi
List of Abbreviations	p. xv
Preface	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
Flapping Flight in Nature	p. 6
Unpowered Flight: Gliding and Soaring	p. 7
Powered Flight: Flapping	p. 8
Hovering	p. 9
Forward Flight	p. 10
Scaling	p. 14
Geometric Similarity	p. 16
Wingspan	p. 17
Wing Area	p. 17
Wing Loading	p. 18
Aspect Ratio	p. 18
Wing-Beat Frequency	p. 19
Power Implication of a Flapping Wing	p. 20
Upper and Lower Limits	p. 21
Drag and Power	p. 23
Concluding Remarks	p. 26
Fixed, Rigid-Wing Aerodynamics	p. 28
Laminar Separation and Transition to Turbulence	p. 29
Navier-Stokes Equation and the Transition Model	p. 35
The eN Method	p. 37
Case Study: SD 7003	p. 39
Factors Influencing Low Reynolds Number Aerodynamics	p. 44
Re = 103-104	p. 45
Re = 104-106	p. 47
Effect of Free-Stream Turbulence	p. 50
Effect of Unsteady Free-Stream	p. 54
Three-Dimensional Wing Aerodynamics	p. 57
Unsteady Phenomena at High Angles of Attack	p. 61
Aspect Ratio and Tip Vortices	p. 63
Wingtip Effect	p. 70
Unsteady Tip Vortices	p. 73
Concluding Remarks	p. 76
Flexible-Wing Aerodynamics	p. 78
General Background of Flexible-Wing Flyers	p. 78
Flexible-Wing Models	p. 85
Linear Membrane Model	p. 85
Hyperelastic Membrane Model	p. 89
Combined Fluid-Structural Dynamics Computation	p. 91
Coupled Elastic Structures and Aerodynamics	p. 92
Flexible Airfoils	p. 92
Membrane-Wing Aerodynamics	p. 94
Concluding Remarks	p. 100
Flapping-Wing Aerodynamics	p. 101
Scaling, Kinematics, and Governing Equations	p. 102
Flapping Motion	p. 102
Reynolds Number	p. 106
Strouhal Number and Reduced Frequency	p. 107
Nonstationary Airfoil Aerodynamics	p. 109
Dynamic Stall	p. 111
Thrust Generation of a Pitching/Plunging Airfoil	p. 114
Simplified Flapping-Wing Aerodynamics Model	p. 117
Lift-Enhancement Mechanisms in Flapping Wings	p. 122
Leading-Edge Vortex	p. 124
Rapid Pitch-Up	p. 131
Wake Capture	p. 134
Clap-and-Fling Mechanism	p. 136
Wing Structural Flexibility	p. 138
Effects of Reynolds Number, Reduced Frequency, and Kinematics on Hovering Aerodynamics	p. 144
Hovering Kinematics	p. 144
Scaling Effect on Force Generation for Hovering Airfoils	p. 148
Aerodynamics of a Hovering Hawkmoth	p. 151
Downstroke	p. 152
Supination	p. 153
Upstroke	p. 155
Pronation	p. 155
Evaluation of Aerodynamic Forces	p. 155
Aerodynamic and Inertial Powers of Flapping Wings	p. 156
Concluding Remarks	p. 157
References	p. 159
Index	p. 175
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Aerodynamics of Low Reynolds Number Flyers

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

Other Editions and Formats

Paperback

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