Fire Fighting Pumping Systems At Industrial Facilities

Dedication About the author Acknowledgments Notice Preface Introduction List of tables List of figures List of acronyms Chapter 1. Historical applications of firewater pumping systems 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Ancient water pumps 1.3. Reciprocating hand and steam-driven fire pumps 1.4. Rotary pumps 1.5. Invention of the centrifugal pump 1.6. Modern fire pumps 1.7. Municipal water pumping plants and mains 1.8. Offshore facilities Chapter 2. Philosophy of protection 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Protection options 2.3. Insurance requirements 2.4. Internal company policies and standards Chapter 3. Firewater flow requirements 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Risk areas 3.3. Exposure cooling requirements 3.4. Fire control requirements 3.5. Suppression requirements 3.6. Residual pressure requirements Chapter 4. Duration of firewater supplies 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Capability of public water mains 4.3. Primary supplies 4.4. Reserve supplies Chapter 5. Sources of firewater pump supply 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Seas and oceans 5.3. Rivers, channels, ponds and lakes 5.4. Water wells (natural underground reservoirs) 5.5. Manmade reservoirs (impounded supplies) 5.6. Storage tanks 5.7. Municipal and private firewater distribution mains 5.8. Specialized offshore raw seawater systems 5.9. Firewater usage by other services 5.10. Emergency water sources 5.11. Water quality 5.12. Enhancements to fire-fighting water 5.13. Marine growth 5.14. Future use, sources and development Chapter 6. Pump types and applications 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Dynamic pumps 6.3. Positive displacement pumps 6.4. Firewater pump characteristics 6.5. Main and standby firewater pumps 6.6. Booster firewater pumps 6.7. Water mist firewater pumps 6.8. Jockey pumps 6.9. Firewater circulation pumps 6.10. Foam pumps 6.11. Packaged and skid units 6.12. Retrofit improvements to existing firewater pumps 6.13. Future expansion 6.14. Reliance on mobile firewater pumping apparatus 6.15. Portable pumps 6.16. NFPA 20 versus API 610 and other pump types Chapter 7. Pump installation, piping arrangements and accessories 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Code requirements 7.3. Listing requirements 7.4. Typical installation 7.5. Location and separation from process areas 7.6. Pump separation 7.7. Pump room or building construction 7.8. Special locations 7.9. Multiple pump installations 7.10. Pump rotation 7.11. Relief valves 7.12. Circulation relief valves 7.13. Pressure and flow control valves 7.14. Isolation valves 7.15. Bypass capability 7.16. Pressure gages 7.17. Pressure recorders 7.18. Flow measurement capability 7.19. Check valves 7.20. Air release valve 7.21. Supervision of isolation valves 7.22. Inlet screens, strainers and filters 7.23. Submerged pump intake openings 7.24. Cavitation, net positive suction head and vortices 7.25. Water hammer or surge 7.26. Pumping system hydraulic design 7.27. Vibration limitation 7.28. Backflow prevention 7.29. Area and task lighting 7.30. Ventilation 7.31. Fire sprinkler protection 7.32. Utility services 7.33. Drainage 7.34. Outside installations Chapter 8. Materials of construction 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Durability 8.3. Corrosion considerations 8.4. Cathodic protection 8.5. Coatings 8.6. Fiberglass materials 8.7. Fresh water concerns 8.8. Common pump materials Chapter 9. Pump drivers and power transmission 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Electric motors 9.3. Gasoline engines 9.4. Diesel engines 9.5. Air supplies and ventilation 9.6. Instrument panel 9.7. Steam turbine 9.8. Power transmission options 9.9. Lineshafts 9.10. Indirect hydraulic drive 9.11. Acoustical concerns 9.12. Maintenance access Chapter 10. Firewater pump controllers 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Firewater pump controllers 10.3. Controller power supplies 10.4. Dual power source controllers 10.5. Automatic transfer switches 10.6. Remote alarm and shutdown panels 10.7. Low suction pressure cut-off 10.8. Jockey pump controllers 10.9. Foam pump controllers 10.10. Controller listing or approval 10.11. Multiple firewater pump installations 10.12. Firewater pump startup 10.13. Color coding of panel indicators 10.14. Electronic readout displays 10.15. Piping and instrumentation diagrams 10.16. Controller indicators 10.17. First-up fault feature 10.18. Cause and effects charts 10.19. Firewater pump shutdown 10.20. Specialized installations 10.21. Controller location and access requirements Chapter 11. Reliability 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Failure categories 11.3. Insurance industry experience 11.4. Fault tree analysis 11.5. Single point failures 11.6. Number of firewater pumps 11.7. Pump operational failures 11.8. Electrical motor failures 11.9. Diesel engine failures 11.10. Gearbox failures 11.11. Controller faults 11.12. Plant perils and pumping system exposure Chapter 12. Classified area pump installations 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Diesel engine ignition hazards 12.3. Hot surfaces 12.4. Hot exhaust gases 12.5. Exhaust system (muffler) 12.6. Exhaust system spark or flame discharge 12.7. Engine overspeeding 12.8. Flashback in air intake 12.9. Material selection 12.10. Rated instrumentation and electrical hardware 12.11. Decompression ports 12.12. Electric motors 12.13. Controllers Chapter 13. Firewater pump acceptance and flow testing 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Safety precautions 13.3. Factory acceptance test 13.4. Site acceptance test and commissioning 13.5. Periodic performance tests 13.6. Pump curve test points 13.7. Fuel examination 13.8. Specific speed verification 13.9. Accuracy of test gages 13.10. Weekly testing 13.11. Controller and interface testing 13.12. Foam pump testing 13.13. Basic test procedure 13.14. Supplemental checks 13.15. Correction factors for observed test rpm to rated rpm of driver 13.16. Additional testing and maintenance aspects Chapter 14. Human factors and quality control 14.1. Human factors 14.2. Identification 14.3. Starting instructions 14.4. Access 14.5. Guards 14.6. Noise levels 14.7. Emergency and pre-fire plans 14.8. Documentation 14.9. Training 14.10. Security 14.11. Quality control Appendix. Selected major incidents affecting the performance of firewater pumping systems Bibliography Glossary FM global report on fire pump loss history Purchase data/specification sheet Index