50 Studies Every Doctor Should Know

SECTION 1 Preventive Medicine 1. Preventing Diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program 2. A Comparison of Different Dieting Strategies 3. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease 4. Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: The Women's Health Initiative 5. The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) 6. The Cochrane Review of Screening Mammography 7. Low-Dose CT Screening for Lung Cancer: The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST)

SECTION 2 Internal Medicine 8. Arrhythmia Suppression following Myocardial Infarction: The CAST Trial 9. Choosing First-Line Therapy for Hypertension: The ALLHAT Trial 10. Intensive vs. Standard Hypertension Management: The SPRINT Trial 11. Statins in Healthy Patients: The HOPE-3 Trial 12. Beta Blockers for Systolic Heart Failure: The MERIT-HF Trial 13. Initial Treatment of Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The ISCHEMIA Trial 14. Treating Elevated Blood Sugar Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) 15. Intensive versus Conservative Blood Sugar Control for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The ACCORD Trial 16. The African American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT) 17. Early versus Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy for Patients with HIV: The INSIGHT START Trial 18. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Transmission: The iPeEx Trial 19. Early versus Late Initiation of Dialysis: The IDEAL Trial 20. Red Cell Transfusion in Critically Ill Patients: The TRICC Trial 21. Pulmonary Artery Catheters in Critically Ill Patients 22. Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain: The SPACE Trial

SECTION 3 Surgery 23. Perioperative Beta Blockers in Noncardiac Surgery: The POISE Trial 24. Cardiac Stents versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Severe Coronary Artery Disease: The SYNTAX Trial 25. Carotid Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: The ACST Trial 26. A Trial of Arthroscopic Knee Surgery 27. Surgery versus Rehabilitation for Chronic Low Back Pain: The MRC Spine Stabilization Trial 28. Mastectomy versus Lumpectomy for Invasive Breast Cancer: The B-06 Trial 29. Long-Term Impact of Bariatric Surgery: The Swedish Obese Subjects Study

SECTION 4 Obstetrics 30. Labor Induction vs. Expectant Management at 39 Weeks Gestation: The ARRIVE Trial 31. Antepartum Glucocorticoids in Premature Labor 32. Cell-free DNA Analysis for Prenatal Diagnosis 33. Effectiveness of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception

SECTION 5 Pediatrics 34. Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Children 35. A Trial of Early Ear Tube Placement in Children with Persistent Otitis Media 36. Inhaled Corticosteroids for Mild Persistent Asthma: The START Trial 37. The Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA) 38. Vaccines and Autism: A Meta-Analysis 39. Preventing Peanut Allergies with Early Peanut Consumption in Infants: The Leap Trial

SECTION 6 Radiology 40. Early Imaging for Back Pain in Older Adults: The BOLD Study 41. Screening for Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic Patients with Diabetes: The DIAD Study 42. Pediatric Computed Tomography, Radiation Exposure and Estimated Cancer Risk 43. Identifying Children with Low-Risk Head Injuries Who Do Not Require Computed Tomography

SECTION 7 Neurology and Psychiatry 44. Thrombolysis 3 to 4.5 Hours after an Acute Ischemic Stroke: The ECASS III Trial 45. Intra-Arterial Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The MR CLEAN Trial 46. Initial Treatment of Depression: The STAR*D Trial 47. Behavioral versus Pharmacological Treatment for Insomnia in the Elderly

SECTION 8 Systems-Based Practice 48. Reducing Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infections in the Intensive Care Unit: The Keystone ICU Project 49. Early Palliative Care in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer 50. Directly Observed Therapy for the Treatment of Tuberculosis in Baltimore