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A Guided Tour of Relational Databases and Beyond

By: Mark Levene, George Loizou

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Paperback | 28 May 1999

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640 Pages

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25.4 x 17.78 x 3.28

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$173.32

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Database theory is now in a mature state, and this book addresses important extensions of the relational database model such as deductive, temporal and object-oriented databases. It provides an overview of database modelling with the Entity-Relationship (ER) model and the relational model providing the pivot on which the material revolves. The main body of the book focuses on the primary achievements of relational database theory, including query languages, integrity constraints, database design, comput able queries and concurrency control. The most important extensions of the relational model are covered in separate chapters. This book will be useful to third year computer science undergraduates and postgraduates studying database theory, and will also be of interest to researchers and database practitioners who would like to know more about the ideas underlying relational dat abase management systems and the problems that confront database researchers.

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Non-Fiction Computing & I.T.Databases Database Software

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Non-Fiction Computing & I.T.Databases Database Software

Preface	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
An Introductory Example	p. 3
What is a Database?	p. 4
Why do we Need Database Management Systems?	p. 4
The Three Levels of Data Abstraction	p. 5
What is a Database Management System?	p. 7
The Concept of Data Independence	p. 8
What is a Data Model?	p. 9
The Relational Data Model	p. 10
The Network Data Model	p. 12
The Hierarchical Data Model	p. 16
The Nested Relational Data Model	p. 19
The Deductive Data Model	p. 22
An Object-Oriented Data Model	p. 25
Discussion	p. 28
Background Material	p. 28
Basic Concepts of Set Theory	p. 29
Basic Concepts of Ordered Sets	p. 33
Basic Concepts of Mathematical Logic	p. 35
Basic Concepts of the Theory of Computing	p. 40
Finite-Model Theory	p. 52
Exercises	p. 59
The Entity-Relationship Model	p. 61
Graphs	p. 63
The Building Blocks of an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)	p. 65
Entities	p. 66
Relationships and their Functionality	p. 66
Attributes and Domains	p. 71
Keys	p. 73
Recursive Relationships	p. 76
Weak Entity Types	p. 76
The Steps Needed for Constructing an ERD	p. 80
Discussion	p. 81
Exercises	p. 82
The Relational Data Model	p. 85
The Data Structure of the Relational Model	p. 86
Query and Update Languages for the Relational Model	p. 91
The Relational Algebra	p. 91
The Domain Relational Calculus	p. 107
Datalog	p. 115
An Update Language for the Relational Model	p. 125
The Equivalence of Query Languages for the Relational Model	p. 132
Domain Independence	p. 133
The Equivalence of the Algebra, the Calculus and Datalog	p. 139
Integrity Constraints in Relational Databases	p. 145
Inference of Integrity Constraints	p. 146
Data Dependencies	p. 149
Functional Dependencies and Keys	p. 150
Armstrong Relations for Functional Dependencies	p. 158
The Implication Problem for Functional Dependencies	p. 160
Lossless Join Decompositions and the Chase Procedure	p. 160
Minimal Covers for Sets of Functional Dependencies	p. 165
Projection of Functional Dependencies	p. 167
Inclusion Dependencies	p. 169
The Chase Procedure for Inclusion Dependencies	p. 174
Armstrong Databases for Inclusion Dependencies	p. 176
The Implication Problem for Inclusion Dependencies	p. 178
Interaction between Functional and Inclusion Dependencies	p. 179
The Case of No Interaction Between Functional and Inclusion Dependencies	p. 186
Multivalued Dependencies	p. 189
Join Dependencies	p. 200
Domain and Cardinality Constraints	p. 212
The View Update Problem	p. 215
Discussion	p. 226
Exercises	p. 227
Relational Database Design	p. 237
Update Anomalies in Relational Databases	p. 238
Desirable Properties of Database Decompositions	p. 245
The Synthesis Versus Decomposition Approaches to Relational Database Design	p. 247
Normal Forms	p. 249
Second Normal Form (2NF)	p. 250
Third Normal Form (3NF)	p. 250
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)	p. 253
Inclusion Dependency Normal Form (IDNF)	p. 260
Horizontal Decompositions	p. 264
Algorithms for Converting a Relation Schema into Normal Form	p. 266
A 3NF Synthesis Algorithm	p. 266
BCNF Decompositions	p. 269
How to Obtain a Decomposition in IDNF	p. 274
Converting an ERD into a Relational Database Schema in IDNF	p. 278
Discussion	p. 282
Exercises	p. 282
Incomplete Information in the Relational Data Model	p. 287
Different Types of Null Value	p. 288
The Open and Closed World Assumptions	p. 292
Introducing Order into the Domain	p. 294
Extending the Relational Algebra with Null Values	p. 299
Extending Integrity Constraints with Null Values	p. 309
The Or-sets Approach	p. 325
The Fuzzy Sets Approach	p. 333
The Rough Sets Approach	p. 342
The Default Values Approach	p. 345
Updating Incomplete Relations	p. 347
Discussion	p. 351
Exercises	p. 355
Computable Database Queries and the Expressiveness of the Relational Algebra	p. 359
What is a Computable Database Query?	p. 359
Formalising Computable Database Queries	p. 360
Encodings and Decodings	p. 362
Definition of Computable Database Queries	p. 364
Subclasses of Computable Database Queries	p. 366
Order-Independent Computable Queries	p. 366
Isomorphism-Independent Computable Queries	p. 366
Encoding-Independent Computable Queries	p. 367
An Equivalence Relation on Computable Queries	p. 369
Computational Query Completeness	p. 370
The Expressive Power of the Relational Algebra	p. 374
Adding a Looping Mechanism to the Relational Algebra	p. 377
Discussion	p. 383
Exercises	p. 383
Temporal Relational Databases	p. 385
The Importance of Modelling Time	p. 385
A Taxonomy of Time in Databases	p. 388
Historical Relations	p. 391
A Historical Relational Algebra	p. 393
Historical Relational Completeness	p. 398
TSQL2	p. 400
Historical Key Dependencies	p. 403
Schema Evolution	p. 405
Discussion	p. 407
Exercises	p. 407
Concurrency Control	p. 409
Manifestations of Concurrency Control	p. 410
Serialisability	p. 415
Serialisability Theory	p. 417
Locking	p. 423
Two-Phase Locking Policy	p. 430
Deadlock	p. 432
Deadlock Detection	p. 434
Deadlock Prevention	p. 436
Lock Granularity and Lock Manager	p. 440
Lock Manager Implementation	p. 443
Timestamp Ordering	p. 445
Timestamp Ordering Implementation	p. 448
Serialisation Graph Testing	p. 451
Discussion	p. 453
Exercises	p. 454
Deductive Databases	p. 459
Model-theoretic Semantics of Datalog	p. 461
Expressive Power of Datalog	p. 480
Equivalence Between Datalog Programs	p. 483
Datalog Not-Equal	p. 493
Updates in Deductive Databases	p. 498
Integrity Constraints in Deductive Databases	p. 502
Discussion	p. 509
Exercises	p. 510
Extensions to the Relational Data Model and Recent Directions	p. 515
Nested Relational Databases	p. 516
Object-Oriented Databases	p. 524
Graph-Based Databases	p. 533
Active Databases	p. 542
Hypertext Databases	p. 547
Semistructured Databases	p. 556
Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining	p. 560
Other Areas	p. 566
What Lies Beyond?	p. 568
Exercises	p. 568
Bibliography	p. 577
Index	p. 609
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

A Guided Tour of Relational Databases and Beyond

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Paperback

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