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474 Pages
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Hardcover
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This remarkable volume presents a panorama of geographical writings from Hesiod to Humboldt, from the beginnings of geographical thought in the Western world to the emergence of topical specialization. It includes a wealth of material from non-Western sources, particularly Moslem and Chinese, that has not been collected before.
The selections are arranged chronologically, and contain geographical theory, descriptions of terrestrial phenomena by early observers, and excerpts from major voyages of discovery. Some are obvious classics: Socrates on the nature of the Earth, Ezekiel's description of the commerce of Tyre, Columbus' first glimpse of the West Indies, Buffon on the history of the Earth, and Kant's geographical lectures. Yet more commonly, Mr. Kish provides a sense of the discovery with such finds as the ambassador's report to the Caliph of Baghdad on the lands and customs of the Norsemen, the study of the Tartar Empire by John of Monte Corvino, Archbishop of Peking, and Jefferson's private memo to Alexander von Humboldt seeking information on the American West.
Each section is highlighted by a brief but engagingly written introduction by the editor. Throughout, the unique cultural and professional perspective of George Kish is very much in evidence.
The Beginnings | |
The Lord speaks to job on man and his world | |
Ezekiel describes the commerce of Tyre | |
Hesiod on the seasons | |
Hesiod on the winds Early Greek Geography | |
Thales'' views of a floating earth | |
Anaximander considers the earth; he offers an explanationfor wind and rain, thunder and lightning | |
Anaxagoras on the shape of the earth, eclipses, and atmospheric phenomena | |
The Pythagoreans: Philolaus and Parmenides | |
Xenophanes on the origin of fossils Periplus and Periegesis: Greek Maritime Writings | |
Hanno reports on West Africa, Himilco on the Atlantic | |
A periplus of the Mediterranean: Greek sailing directions | |
A periegesis: Dionysius on Mediterranean From the Geographical Writings of Plato and Aristotle | |
Socrates explains the nature of the earth | |
Plato on the fate of Atlantis | |
Aristotle on the cosmos and the oikumene | |
Aristotle considers the city-state | |
Aristotle discusses water and dry land, world views and maps, earthquakes and their causes Hippocrates of Cos: An Early Environmentalist | |
Hippocrates on the effects of the environment Greek Heliocentric Theory | |
Aristarchus of Samos: the first heliocentric theory Greek Travelers'' Reports | |
Herodotus describes the Royal Road of Persia, the Caspian Sea, Egypt, Libya, and the land of the Scythians | |
Xenophon on western Asia | |
An early description of southernmost Persia | |
Pytheas of Marseille on northern Europe | |
Megasthenes describes India Geography in the Hellenistic Age | |
Eratosthenes measures the earth | |
From the writings of Hipparchus | |
Posidonius on the size of the earth and on zones | |
Polybius describes the Black Sea and Italy | |
Strabo: the summing up of Greek geography | |
Ptolemy on the field of geography and on divisions of the earth Latin Encyclopedists | |
Pliny: from the Natural History | |
Varro on soils | |
Pomponius Mela on the earth, on Europe, and on Africa | |
Solinus describes Italy, Thrace, the Hyperboreans; the crocodile, China, and India | |
Macrobius: a late Roman geographer Landscape in Latin Prose and Poetry | |
A victorious general reports: Caesar on Gaul, Britain, and Germany | |
Vergil on the Creation, on zones of the earth, and on winds | |
Horace describes the Italian landscape | |
Tacitus on Germany, Britain, and Judaea Christian Geography | |
The Bordeaux Itinerary: a pilgrim''s guide to the Holy Land | |
Bishop Eucherius on the holy places | |
The Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicopleustes | |
The Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville: an early Christian encyclopedia | |
Britain in the eighth century: the Venerable Bede on the situation of Britain and Ireland | |
From Dicuil''s be mensura orbis terrae | |
Ohthere''s report on northernmost Europe Geography in the Byzantine Empire | |
Procopius describes Byzantium and the waterway leading to it | |
Constantine VII describes the great water road of Russia, the trade routes of the Byzantine Empire, and the city of Venice The Norse Contribution | |
An Arab ambassador among the Norsemen: the report of Ibn Fadhlan | |
Adam of Bremen on "the northern islands" | |
The sagas: Norse discoveries in North America | |
The King''s Mirror: a medieval handbook on the northern lands Moslem Geography | |
Al-Muqaddasi: a geographer''s experiences in pursuit of knowledge | |
lbn Hauqal on the world of Islam and the lands beyond it | |
lbn Hauqal on Spain, the Byzantine lands, and Sicily | |
Al-Masudi on the earth and its inhabitable portion; on Syria, Egypt, and Iraq | |
Al-Biruni on the determination of longitude | |
Al-Biruni reflects on the geography of earlier times | |
lbn Khordadbeh describes Byzantium, some trade routes, and the divisions of the inhabitable world | |
Al-Muqaddasi on Tiberias, Iraq, and Kairouan | |
Idrisi on the cities and countries of the Christian and Moslem worlds | |
Al-Dimashqi on the divisions of the world and on the stone called emery | |
Ibn Battuta: his travels | |
lbn Khaldun on geography Revival of Geography in the West | |
Robert Grosseteste on the heat of the sun | |
John of Holywood (Sacrobosco) on the sphere Enlarging Horizons by Travel | |
Directions to cross the sea | |
Marco Polo on Asia and its marvels | |
John of Plano Carpini: a Franciscan papal ambassador journeys to the Mongol court | |
William of Rubruck, ambassador of the King of France, on Mongolia | |
John of Monte Corvino, first archbishop of Peking, on the Nestorian Christians and the Tartar Empire | |
Pegolotti''s advice to merchants traveling to Asia | |
Nicol=.Conti on India in the early 1400s | |
Mandeville''s Travels: notes of an armchair geographer Physical Geography in the Later Middle Ages | |
Giraldus Cambrensis on Ireland and Wales | |
Roger Bacon on the shape of the universe and the size of the earth; on the Nile and on China | |
Albert the Great on the nature of places Geographical Writings of the Age of Discovery | |
Waldseemnller''s Cosmography: the state of the art in 1507 | |
Zurara on the early Portuguese voyages to western Africa | |
Camoens'' poetic description of da Gama''s voyage to India | |
Toscanelli on sailing westward to the Indies | |
Columbus describes the first glimpse of the West Indies | |
Columbus describes his first voyage to America: the formal report to Ferdinand and Isabella | |
Waldseemnller names the New World "America" | |
Pigafetta on the first circumnavigation of the earth | |
Roger Barlow, first Englishman to sail to South America, reports on the New World | |
From Hakluyt''s Voyages | |
William Bourne presents the basic rules of navigation to his fellow seamen | |
Captain James Cook: secret orders from the Admiralty and his description of New South Wales German Geographers of the Sixteenth Century | |
Barthel Stein gives an inaugural lecture on geography | |
Gemma Frisius describes a new method to determine longitude | |
Peter Apianus on Asia and America | |
From the Cosmography of Sebastian Mnnster | |
Josias Simler describes glaciers and avalanches | |
Leonhart Rauwolf on the lands, peoples, and plants of the Near East The Beginnings of Modern Geography: The Seventeenth Century | |
A geography textbook by Cluverius | |
Conrad Gessner contemplates the Alps | |
From the Geographia Generalis of Bernardus Varenius Eighteenth Century Concepts of Geography | |
Buffon on the history of the earth, on earthquakes, and on the different races | |
The Lapland journey of Unnaeus | |
Buache''s "Framework of the Earth" | |
Polycarp Leyser on geography and history | |
Johann Michael Franz defines the state geographer | |
Johann Gottfried von Herder on the charm and necessity of the study of geography | |
Anton Friedrich Bnsching on geography | |
Albrecht von HaIler on the vertical zoning of vegetation Measuring the Earth | |
Maupertuis on the dimensions of the earth Immanuel Kant, Geographer | |
From the geographical writings of Kant The Founders of Modern Geography: Humboldt and Ritter | |
Humboldt on "geognosy" | |
From Humboldt''s "Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America" | |
Jefferson asks for Humboldt''s views on the American West | |
From Humboldt''s Kosmos | |
From Humboldt''s Aspects of Nature | |
Ritter''s method of organization in geography | |
Ritter on the contrasts between the land and water hemi-spheres | |
From Ritter''s introduction to general comparative geography | |
From Ritter''s Earth Science | |
Ritte | |
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780674822702
ISBN-10: 0674822706
Series: Source Books in the History of the Sciences
Published: 1st September 1978
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 474
Audience: General Adult
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Country of Publication: US
Edition Number: 1
Dimensions (cm): 23.84 x 16.19 x 3.66
Weight (kg): 0.97
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