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Accents of English: Volume 3 : Beyond the British Isles - J. C. Wells

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Accents of English: Volume 3

Beyond the British Isles

By: J. C. Wells

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Paperback | 7 June 1982

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228 Pages

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21.6 x 14.2 x 1.4

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Accents of English is about the way English is pronounced by different people in different places. Volume 1 provides a synthesizing introduction, which shows how accents vary not only geographically, but also with social class, formality, sex and age; and in volumes 2 and 3 the author examines in greater depth the various accents used by people who speak English as their mother tongue: the accents of the regions of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland (volume 2), and of the USA, Canada, the West Indies, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Black Africa and the Far East ( volume 3). Each volume can be read independently, and together they form a major scholarly survey, of considerable originality, which not only includes descriptions of hitherto neglected accents, but also examines the implications for phonological theory. Readers will find the answers to many questions: Who makes 'good' rhyme with 'mood'? Which accents have no voiced sibilants? How is a Canadian accent different from an American one, a New Zealand one from an Australian one, a Jamaican one from a Barbadian one? What are the historical reasons for British-American pronunciation differences? What sound changes are currently in progress in New York, in London, in Edinburgh? Dr Wells his written principally for students of linguistics, phonetics and English language, but the motivated general reader will also find the study both fascinating and rewarding.

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Non-Fiction Language & Linguistics Linguistics Phonetics Language Learning & Teaching Specific Skills of Learning Language Speaking & Pronounciation Skills

An Introduction
Preface	p. xv
Typographical conventions and phonetic symbols	p. xvii
Aspects of accent	p. 1
Linguistic and social variability	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Dialect and accent	p. 2
Traditional-dialect	p. 4
Geographical variation	p. 8
Socio-economic class	p. 13
Sex, ethnicity	p. 18
Age: the time dimension	p. 23
Styles and roles	p. 25
Perceiving a stereotype	p. 28
Projecting an image	p. 31
Standards	p. 34
What are the facts?	p. 36
Accent phonology	p. 39
Why phonology?	p. 39
The taxonomic-phonemic model	p. 41
Phonetic similarity	p. 44
Non-contrastive distribution	p. 45
Affricates and diphthongs	p. 48
The phonological word	p. 50
Multiple complementation and neutralization	p. 52
Further difficulties with taxonomic phonemics	p. 54
Phonological rules	p. 57
Natural classes	p. 59
A case in point: the velar nasal	p. 60
Optional rules, variable rules	p. 64
Rule ordering	p. 66
Polylectal and panlectal phonology	p. 69
How accents differ	p. 72
Introduction	p. 72
Phonetic realization	p. 73
Phonotactic distribution	p. 75
Phonemic systems	p. 76
Lexical distribution	p. 78
Further considerations	p. 80
Consequences: rhymes, puns, and intelligibility	p. 81
Rhythmical characteristics	p. 86
Intonation	p. 89
Voice quality	p. 91
Why accents differ	p. 93
Why innovations arise	p. 93
System preservation	p. 97
Splits and mergers	p. 99
Regularization	p. 101
Why innovations spread	p. 103
The influence of literacy	p. 106
External influences	p. 110
Altering one's accent	p. 111
Sets and systems	p. 117
The reference accents	p. 117
Introduction	p. 117
The vowel system of RP	p. 118
The vowel system of GenAm	p. 120
The two vowel systems compared	p. 122
RP and GenAm: further comparison	p. 124
Standard lexical sets	p. 127
Kit	p. 127
Dress	p. 128
Trap	p. 129
Lot	p. 130
Strut	p. 131
Foot	p. 132
Bath	p. 133
Cloth	p. 136
Nurse	p. 137
Fleece	p. 140
Face	p. 141
Palm	p. 142
Thought	p. 144
Goat	p. 146
Goose	p. 147
Price	p. 149
Choice	p. 150
Mouth	p. 151
Near	p. 153
Square	p. 155
Start	p. 157
North	p. 159
Force	p. 160
Cure	p. 162
Weak vowels: happy, lettER, commA	p. 165
Systems; a typology	p. 168
Part-system A	p. 168
Part-system B	p. 171
Part-system C	p. 173
Part-system D	p. 175
The consonant system	p. 178
A typology for accents of English	p. 181
Developments and processes	p. 184
Residualisms	p. 184
The Great Vowel Shift	p. 184
NG Coalescence	p. 188
The velar fricative	p. 189
Thought Monophthonging	p. 191
The Long Mid Mergers	p. 192
The Fleece Merger	p. 194
The Foot-Strut Split	p. 196
The Nurse Merger	p. 199
Pre-Fricative Lengthening	p. 203
Yod Dropping	p. 206
Price and Choice	p. 208
Long Mid Diphthonging	p. 210
The Great Divide	p. 211
British prestige innovations	p. 212
Vowels before /r/	p. 213
R Dropping	p. 218
R Insertion	p. 222
Glide Cluster Reduction	p. 228
Suffix vowels	p. 231
Bath and Cloth	p. 232
The Force Mergers	p. 234
The realization of Goat	p. 237
Smoothing	p. 238
Some American innovations	p. 242
Vowels before /r/	p. 242
Lot Unrounding; loss of distinctive length	p. 245
Later Yod Dropping	p. 247
Tapping and T Voicing	p. 248
Some further British innovations	p. 252
H Dropping	p. 253
Diphthong Shift	p. 256
Happy Tensing	p. 257
L Vocalization	p. 258
Glottalization	p. 260
The -ing variable	p. 262
Sources and further reading	p. 264
References	p. 265
Index	p. 271
The British Isles
Preface	p. xv
Typographical conventions and phonetic symbols	p. xvii
England	p. 279
RP revisited	p. 279
Varieties of RP	p. 279
U-RP	p. 280
Adoptive RP	p. 283
Variability in mainstream RP	p. 285
RP: systemic variability	p. 287
RP: distributional variability	p. 289
RP: realizational variability	p. 291
RP: lexical-incidential variability	p. 295
Near-RP	p. 297
London	p. 301
Introduction	p. 301
The vowel system	p. 303
Monophthongs and centring diphthongs	p. 305
The Diphthong Shift	p. 306
The Thought Split	p. 310
The Goat Split	p. 312
Vowel plus /l/	p. 313
Further remarks on vowels	p. 317
The consonant system; [h]	p. 321
Plosives: affrication, glottalling, tapping	p. 322
Glottalling of other consonants	p. 327
Fricatives	p. 328
Yod phenomena	p. 330
Prosodic features	p. 331
Literary Cockney	p. 332
The south	p. 335
Introduction	p. 335
East Anglia: vowels	p. 337
The Norwich vowel system	p. 340
East Anglia: consonants and prosodic features	p. 341
The west country: rhoticity and its consequences	p. 341
The west country: other consonants	p. 343
The west country: vowels	p. 345
The Bristol vowel system	p. 348
The north	p. 349
Introduction	p. 349
The Strut words	p. 351
The Bath words	p. 353
Other vowels	p. 356
Two vowel systems	p. 363
Velar nasal plus	p. 365
Yorkshire Assimilation	p. 366
The consonant /r/	p. 367
Other consonants	p. 370
Merseyside	p. 371
Tyneside	p. 374
The Celtic countries	p. 377
Wales	p. 377
Introduction	p. 377
Rhoticity	p. 378
A typical vowel system	p. 380
Five possible extra contrasts	p. 384
Further remarks on vowels	p. 386
Consonants	p. 387
Connected-speech variants	p. 391
Prosodic features	p. 391
Sociolinguistics in Cardiff	p. 392
Scotland	p. 393
Introduction	p. 393
Scots	p. 395
Monophthongs	p. 399
Diphthongs	p. 405
Vowels before /r/	p. 407
Consonants	p. 408
The Highlands and Islands	p. 412
Prosodic features	p. 414
Sociolinguistic studies	p. 415
Ireland	p. 417
Introduction	p. 417
The vowel system	p. 418
Vowels before /r/	p. 420
Short vowels	p. 421
Long vowels	p. 424
Diphthongs	p. 425
Weak vowels	p. 427
Alveolar and dental stops	p. 428
The liquids	p. 431
Other consonants	p. 432
Processes	p. 434
Prosodic features	p. 436
The north: introduction	p. 436
The north: vowel system and vowel length	p. 438
The north: vowel quality	p. 440
The north: consonants	p. 445
The north: processes	p. 447
The north: intonation	p. 447
The north: accent and dialect	p. 448
Summary	p. 449
Sources and further reading	p. 451
References	p. 453
Index	p. 462
Beyond the British Isles
Preface	p. xv
Typographical conventions and phonetic symbols	p. xvii
North America	p. 467
GenAm revisited	p. 467
Introduction	p. 467
The Thought-Lot Merger	p. 473
Further issues relating to Thought and Lot	p. 475
Bath Raising	p. 477
Vowels before /r/	p. 479
Other vowels	p. 485
Consonants	p. 488
Canada	p. 490
Introduction	p. 490
The vowel system	p. 492
The open back vowel(s)	p. 493
Price, Mouth Raising	p. 494
Consonants	p. 495
Questions of incidence	p. 496
Newfoundland: general	p. 498
Newfoundland: vowels	p. 498
Newfoundland: consonants	p. 500
New York City	p. 501
Introduction	p. 501
The vowel system	p. 503
Variable non-rhoticity and its consequences	p. 505
Nurse and Choice	p. 508
Bath Raising	p. 510
Cloth-Thought Raising	p. 513
Lot Lengthening	p. 514
Alveolars and dentals	p. 515
Other consonants	p. 517
New England	p. 518
Introduction	p. 518
Non-rhoticity	p. 520
The open front vowel area	p. 522
The open back vowel area	p. 524
The New England 'short o'	p. 525
Price and Mouth	p. 526
The south	p. 527
Introduction	p. 527
The vowel system	p. 530
The lax vowels	p. 533
Price and Mouth	p. 537
Other vowels	p. 539
Vowel plus nasal	p. 540
Is southern speech non-rhotic?	p. 542
Vowel plus /r/	p. 545
Vowel plus /l/	p. 550
Weak vowels	p. 551
Consonants	p. 552
Black English	p. 553
Introduction	p. 553
Phonetic characteristics	p. 556
The West Indies	p. 560
General characteristics of Caribbean English	p. 560
Introduction	p. 560
Creole	p. 562
TH Stopping	p. 565
Cluster reduction	p. 566
Other consonants	p. 567
Vowels and /r/	p. 570
Prosodic features	p. 572
Individual territories	p. 574
Jamaica	p. 574
Trinidad	p. 577
Guyana	p. 581
Barbados	p. 583
The Leewards	p. 585
Bahamas	p. 588
The southern hemisphere	p. 592
Australia	p. 592
Introduction	p. 592
The vowel system	p. 595
Closing diphthongs	p. 597
Monophthongs	p. 598
Centring diphthongs	p. 599
Weak vowels	p. 601
Consonants	p. 603
Prosodic characteristics	p. 604
New Zealand	p. 605
Introduction	p. 605
Central Kit	p. 606
The remainder of the vowel system	p. 607
The lateral and its influence	p. 609
Other consonants	p. 610
South Africa	p. 610
Introduction	p. 610
The Kit Split	p. 612
Other front vowels	p. 613
Diphthongs	p. 614
Long monophthongs	p. 615
The liquids	p. 616
Other consonants	p. 617
Regional and social variability	p. 620
The imperial legacy	p. 623
India	p. 624
Introduction	p. 624
Anglo-Indian	p. 624
Vowels	p. 626
Consonants	p. 627
Prosodic characteristics	p. 630
Interference and intelligibility	p. 631
Africa	p. 632
Introduction	p. 632
Liberia	p. 634
Vowels	p. 636
Consonants	p. 639
Prosodic characteristics	p. 643
Interference and intelligibility	p. 644
The Far East	p. 645
Singapore	p. 645
The Philippines	p. 647
Hawaii	p. 649
Sources and further reading	p. 652
References	p. 654
Index	p. 669
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Accents of English: Volume 3

Beyond the British Isles

At a Glance

Paperback

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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