Acoustics and Audio Technology 3/e

Preface IntroductionAbout the AuthorList of SymbolsChapter 1 Sound1.1 Introduction1.2 The Wave Equation1.3 Solutions to the Wave Equation1.4 Impedance1.5 Sound Intensity1.6 Sound Power1.7 Propagation Losses1.8 Reflection and Transmission at Boundaries1.9 Acoustical Components and Circuits1.10 Sound Propagation in Inhomogeneous Media1.11 Dipoles and Quadrupoles1.12 ProblemsChapter 2 Acoustic Signals2.1 Spectra and Time History2.2 Signals and the Ju-Method2.3 Sine-Wave Signals2.4 Noise2.5 The Level Concept2.6 Filters and Frequency Bands2.7 Effective Value and Measurement Uncertainty2.8 Reference Levels2.9 Addition of Level Contributions2.10 The Weighted Sound Pressure Level2.11 Equivalent Level2.12 ProblemsChapter 3 Hearing and Voice3.1 Introduction3.2 The Components of the Ear3.3 The Dimensions of Hearing3.4 Effects of Excessive Sound Exposure3.5 Masking and Critical Bands3.6 Distortion, Linearity, and Harmonics3.7 Binaural Hearing3.8 Voice and Speech3.9 ProblemsChapter 4 Basic Room Acoustics4.1 Introduction4.2 Geometrical Room Acoustics4.3 Statistical Room Acoustics4.4 Wave Theoretical Approach4.5 ProblemsChapter 5 Spatial Sound Perception5.1 Introduction5.2 Subjective Impression of Sound Field Components5.3 Metrics for Room Acoustics5.4 ProblemsChapter 6 Room Acoustics Planning and Design6.1 Introduction6.2 Basic Requirements for Good Room Acoustics6.3 Fundamentals of Room Acoustic Planning6.4 Tools for Prediction of Room Acoustic Response6.5 Electronic Architecture6.6 Auralization6.7 ProblemsChapter 7 Absorbers, Reflectors, and Diffusers7.1 Introduction7.2 Absorption Coefficient7.3 Porous Absorbers7.4 Resonance Absorbers7.5 Variable Absorbers7.6 Audience Absorption7.7 Reflectors7.8 Barriers7.9 Diffusers7.10 Absorption Data Examples7.11 ProblemsChapter 8 Waves in Solids and Plates8.1 Introduction8.2 Wave Types in Infinite Media8.3 Wave Types in Media of Limited Extension8.4 Structure Borne Sound in Lossy Sheets8.5 Damping by Viscoelastic Layers8.6 Damping by Sand and Other Lossy Materials8.7 ProblemsChapter 9 Sound Radiation and Generation9.1 Introduction9.2 Common Metrics for Sound Radiation9.3 Sound Radiation by Vibrating Surfaces9.4 Sound Radiation by Vibrating Pistons and Membranes9.5 Sound Radiation by Vibrating Sheets Carrying Bending Waves9.6 Sound Generation by Flow9.7 ProblemsChapter 10 Sound Isolation10.1 Introduction10.2 Insulation against Airborne Sound10.3 Sound Transmission Loss10.4 Sound Reduction Index10.5 Transmission Loss of Single-Panel Partitions10.6 Transmission Loss of Multiple-Panel Partitions10.7 Composite Transmission Loss10.8 Cracks and Other Leaks10.9 Flanking Transmission10.10 Balanced Spectrum Design10.11 Insulation against Impact Sound10.12 Insulation against Structure-Borne Sound10.13 ProblemsChapter 11 Vibration Isolation11.1 Introduction11.2 Classical Vibration Isolation Theory11.3 Impedance and Mobility11.4 Some Metrics for Vibration Isolation 11.5 Linear Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems11.6 Vibration Isolation Theory Using Electromechanical Analogies11.7 Real Systems11.8 ProblemsChapter 12 Microphones12.1 Introduction12.2 Dynamic Range, Frequency Response, Noise, and Distortion12.3 Sensitivity12.4 Electroacoustical Conversion Principles12.5 Sound Field Sensing Principles12.6 Directivity12.7 Diaphragm Mechanical Properties12.8 Resistance Microphones12.9 Piezoelectric Microphones12.10 Capacitive Microphones12.11 Electrodynamic Microphones12.12 Super-Directional Microphones12.13 Wind Noise12.14 ProblemsChapter 13 Phonograph Systems13.1 Introduction13.2 Disc Cutting13.3 The Playback System13.4 Cartridges13.5 AmplificationChapter 14 Loudspeakers14.1 Introduction14.2 Radiation and Directivity14.3 Efficiency14.4 Frequency Response14.5 Electrodynamic Drivers14.6 Loudspeaker Enclosures14.7 Horn Loudspeakers14.8 Multiple Direct Radiator Loudspeaker Systems14.9 Array Loudspeakers14.10 Room Effects14.11 Transient Response14.12 Nonlinear Distortion 14.13 Electronic Compensation of Non-Linearities14.14 Electrostatic Loudspeakers14.15 ProblemsChapter 15 Headphones and Earphones15.1 Introduction15.2 Headphones/Earphones vs. Loudspeakers15.3 The Acoustic Environment15.4 Electromagnetic Headphones15.5 Electrodynamic Headphones15.6 Piezoelectric Headphones15.7 Electrostatic Headphones15.8 Noise-Canceling Headphones15.9 ProblemsChapter 16 Digital Representation of Sound16.1 Introduction16.2 Sampling and Digitization16.3 Quantization16.4 Additional Problems in A/D and D/A Conversion16.5 Codecs, Uniform and Nonuniform Quantization16.6 Lossy Compression and Perceptual CodingChapter 17 Audio Systems17.1 Introduction17.2 Audio Channels and Listening Modes17. 3 Monophonic and Monaural17.4 Stereophony and Phantom Sources17.5 Stereo Using Headphones17.6 Binaural Sound Reproduction17.7 Loudspeaker-Headphone Compatibility17.8 Multichannel Sound Reproduction17.9 Metrics for Audio Characteristics17.10 Physical Audio Metrics17.11 Noise Level and Signal-To-Noise Ratio17.12 Amplitude Frequency Response17.13 Phase Response and Group Delay17.14 Nonlinear Distortions17.15 Harmonic Distortion17.16 Difference Frequency and Intermodulation Distortion17.17 Multi-Tone Distortion Measurement17.18 FM Distortion17.19 Measurements Using Special Chambers17.20 Impulse Response Analysis17.21 Frequency Response, Spectrogram, and Wavelet Analysis17.22 Directivity17.23 Sensitivity17.24 Compression17.25 Impedance17.26 Audio Sound Character and Quality17.27 Listening Tests17.28 Common Listening Test Types17.29 Some Common Listening Tests17.30 Selecting and Training of Listeners17.31 Expert Panels17.32 Planning and Preparation of a Listening Test17.33 The Test Session17.34 Information to Be Reported17.35 ProblemsReferencesIndex