Advanced Systems Thinking, Engineering, and Management

By: Derek K. Hitchins

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Hardcover | 30 September 2003

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Hardcover
469 Pages

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23.5 x 15.88 x 3.18

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No matter what field you are working in or studying, Advanced Systems Thinking, Engineering, and Management offers you a comprehensive understanding of systems ideas and methods to help you achieve unmatched success with your challenging projects. This unique resource helps you add a systems-scientific grounding to systems engineering enterprises, showing you how to solve intractable problems, design systems to accommodate complex environments, and manage both creative and operational systems. You learn how to conceive, design and manage a systems engineering process for optimal results.

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Reference, Information & Interdisciplinary Subjects Research & Information Information theory Cybernetics & Systems Theory Business & Management Management & Management Techniques Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communications Engineering Computing & I.T.Computer Hardware Maintenance & Repairs

Technology in General Engineering in General Computer Science Systems Analysis & Design

Preface	p. xv
Systems Philosophy, Systems Science	p. 1
The Need for, and Value of, Systems	p. 3
The Book as a System	p. 3
Origins of Systems Science	p. 3
A Mechanistic World	p. 3
Perceived Limitations in the Traditional Sciences	p. 4
Life and the Second Law	p. 5
Information and Entropy	p. 5
Causality and Teleology	p. 6
Concept of Open Systems	p. 6
General Systems Theory	p. 6
Identifying and Defining a System	p. 8
Basic System Models	p. 8
Fundamental System Constructs	p. 23
Definitions and Justification	p. 25
Systems Principles	p. 26
Classifying Systems	p. 27
Classifying Systems by Complexity	p. 29
Classifying Systems by Morphology	p. 29
Classifying Systems by Behavior	p. 38
Summary	p. 41
Assignments	p. 42
Measure for Measure	p. 45
Measuring Value	p. 45
Measuring Properties, Capabilities, and Behaviors	p. 49
Trade-offs	p. 49
Limitations	p. 50
Entropy	p. 53
System Efficiency	p. 54
System Effectiveness	p. 56
Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Entropy	p. 56
Genetic Algorithmic Methods of Adjustment	p. 57
Optimizing Measures	p. 58
Value for Money, and Cost Effectiveness	p. 58
Cost Exchange Ratios	p. 59
Casualty Exchange Ratios	p. 60
Summary	p. 60
Assignment	p. 60
The Human Element	p. 64
Categorization	p. 64
Motivation, Instinct, and Inheritance	p. 65
Intelligence and Behavior	p. 66
Belief Systems	p. 68
Resistance to Change	p. 70
Decision Making	p. 71
Perceived Entropy Reduction	p. 73
Summary	p. 73
Assignment	p. 73
Systems Engineering Philosophy	p. 75
Holism and Emergence	p. 75
Problem Solving	p. 78
Perceptions of Connectedness	p. 79
Systems of Systems	p. 80
Bottom-up Integration	p. 81
Systems of Systems: Volume Supply	p. 83
Systems of Systems in Defense	p. 84
Systems Engineering Philosophy in Methods	p. 88
Summary	p. 89
Assignment	p. 89
A Theory of Complexity	p. 91
Characterizing Complexity	p. 91
Elaboration	p. 93
Encapsulation	p. 95
Variety	p. 97
Minimum Variety	p. 97
Useful Variety	p. 98
Limited Variety	p. 99
Generation of Variety	p. 100
Energy as a Source of Variety	p. 101
Open Systems Interactions	p. 101
Summary	p. 104
Assignments	p. 104
Systems Life Cycle Theory	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
The Seven Principles of Open Systems	p. 107
The Principle of System Reactions	p. 107
The Principle of System Cohesion	p. 108
The Principle of System Adaptation	p. 109
The Principle of Connected Variety	p. 109
The Principle of Limited Variety	p. 111
The Principle of Preferred Patterns	p. 111
The Principle of Cyclic Progression	p. 112
Synthesizing the System Life Cycle	p. 112
Applying Life Cycle Theory	p. 115
Economic Systems	p. 115
Political Systems	p. 116
Business Systems	p. 117
Organizational Systems	p. 117
Changing System Behavior	p. 118
Predicting System Behavior	p. 118
Systems Engineering	p. 119
Summary	p. 120
Assignments	p. 120
The Social Genotype	p. 123
Introduction	p. 123
Change and the Social Genotype	p. 124
Quantifying the Social Genotype	p. 125
Change by "Budding Off"	p. 127
Progressive Conversion	p. 127
Continuous Revolution	p. 128
The Military and the Social Genotype	p. 129
Systems Engineering and the Social Genotype	p. 129
Summary	p. 130
Assignment	p. 130
Systems Thinking	p. 131
Tools and Methods for Systems Thinking	p. 133
About Systems Thinking	p. 133
Facing Up to Our Real, Nonlinear, Dynamic World	p. 133
Chaotic Perspectives	p. 135
Minimalist Behavioral Systems Thinking	p. 136
Causal Loop Modeling	p. 137
Promoting Completeness with CLMs	p. 140
Patterns in CLMs	p. 142
N[superscript 2] Charts	p. 143
The Hand-Drawn Tool	p. 143
Encapsulation and Elaboration	p. 146
Dynamic N[superscript 2] Charts	p. 147
Automating the N[superscript 2] Chart	p. 147
Interpretive Structural Modeling	p. 148
R-Nets	p. 151
Behavior Diagramming	p. 153
Soft Methods	p. 155
Soft Systems Thinking	p. 155
The Soft Systems Methodology	p. 156
The Rigorous Soft Method	p. 157
The TRIAD Building System	p. 161
The Generic Reference Model	p. 163
Characterizing a System	p. 163
Being	p. 165
Doing	p. 165
Thinking	p. 169
Synthesizing the Whole GRM from the Parts	p. 171
Using the Generic Reference Model	p. 173
Nonlinear Dynamic System Synthesis	p. 175
Summary	p. 179
Assignments	p. 179
System Thinking at Work: Case Studies	p. 181
The Doctors' Surgery	p. 182
Hospital Waiting Time	p. 185
Societal Power	p. 187
National Energy Strategy	p. 190
The Symptoms	p. 192
Bringing the Imbalanced Implicit Systems Together	p. 196
Assessment	p. 198
Options for Addressing the Issue	p. 200
Conclusion to RSM Issue Development	p. 203
The Railway Dilemma	p. 203
Stakeholder Analysis	p. 203
The Railway	p. 204
Computing Integrity	p. 205
Crime Management	p. 209
Crime and Punishment	p. 209
Proactive Policing	p. 211
Police Test Bed	p. 215
A Different Approach to Policing	p. 217
Defense Acquisition	p. 219
Cold War Inheritance	p. 219
A Changing World	p. 220
U.K. Defense Procurement	p. 222
COTS Procurement Behavior Diagram	p. 226
Building Pyramids	p. 227
Architectonics: The Study of Architecture	p. 230
Systems Engineering: The Costs of Rework	p. 236
Summary	p. 239
Assignments	p. 239
Systems Engineering	p. 243
System Concept and Design	p. 245
System Solutions	p. 245
Creating Solution Concepts	p. 246
Developing Concepts: The TRIAD Building System	p. 248
Developing System Concepts: The Seven-Step Continuum	p. 254
The Far Side: Case Study	p. 257
System Design	p. 265
Design for Operation	p. 268
Scenario-driven Design	p. 268
CONOPS	p. 268
Industrial Design Paradigms	p. 270
Design for Availability	p. 272
Design for Maintenance	p. 274
Designing Open, Interactive Systems	p. 276
Design Capability Ratcheting	p. 279
Operational Design Approach	p. 280
Evaluating and Optimizing Military Capability	p. 282
Advanced Design Methods	p. 297
Famine Relief	p. 297
Afghanistan	p. 301
Summary	p. 307
Assignments	p. 307
Classification of Systems Engineering	p. 309
Defining Systems Engineering	p. 309
Extending System Useful Life	p. 310
Characterizing Systems Engineering	p. 311
The Five-Layer System Structure	p. 312
Artifact Systems Engineering	p. 314
Project Systems Engineering	p. 315
The Classic Systems Engineering Procedure	p. 315
Process-Oriented Systems Engineering	p. 317
Goal-Oriented Systems Engineering	p. 321
Unprecedented Systems Engineering	p. 323
Business Systems Engineering	p. 323
Evolutionary Systems Engineering	p. 325
Industry Systems Engineering	p. 326
Mass Production	p. 326
Lean Volume Supply Systems Engineering	p. 328
Comparing Mass Production and Lean Volume Supply	p. 330
Nesting at Levels 2, 3, and 4	p. 333
Socioeconomic Systems Engineering	p. 334
Science-based Systems Engineering	p. 336
Summary	p. 339
Assignments	p. 340
From Systems Thinking to Systems in Operation	p. 343
Systems Thinking: About Systems Engineering	p. 343
Beyond Technology	p. 343
Always Two Systems: Creating and Created	p. 344
Identifying the Stream	p. 347
The Source	p. 347
Partitioning the Stream	p. 349
Confluence	p. 351
The End-to-End Life Cycle Process	p. 354
Outline Level 2/3: Conceptual Process	p. 354
The Systems Engineering Shadow-board	p. 356
System-level Elaboration and Specification	p. 357
Integration, Test, and Proving	p. 358
Focusing Developing Emergent Properties	p. 359
Systems Engineering Goals and Objectives	p. 360
Developing Structural Support	p. 363
Process Resourcing	p. 363
Understanding the Process as a System	p. 364
Calibrating the Creating System	p. 367
Tailoring the Systems Engineering Process	p. 369
Accommodating Legacy and Change	p. 369
Police Information System	p. 370
The New Interceptor	p. 371
Summary	p. 373
Assignments	p. 374
Operational Systems Engineering	p. 375
Operational Systems Engineering: Levels 2-4	p. 375
Operational Systems Engineering at Level 2	p. 375
Operational Maintenance Systems	p. 378
Operational Systems Engineering at Level 3	p. 380
Operational Systems Engineering at Level 4	p. 382
Underground Railways	p. 384
Heijunka	p. 386
Market Systems Engineering	p. 388
Socioeconomic Systems Engineering: Level 5	p. 390
Social Capital	p. 392
Historical Systems Engineering at Level 5	p. 393
Summary	p. 395
Assignments	p. 395
Systems Management and Organization	p. 397
Managing Systems	p. 399
Managing Systems Concepts	p. 399
The Need for Management	p. 399
Management by Control	p. 401
The "Control Freak"	p. 402
Management by Incentive	p. 403
Management by Competition	p. 405
Organized Management Systems	p. 406
Organized Creating Systems	p. 406
Tensions within Organizations	p. 407
Organized Military C[superscript 2]	p. 410
Government C[superscript 2]	p. 411
Systems Organization at Industry Level 4	p. 412
Creating the Culture	p. 413
Project Management Versus Systems Engineering	p. 414
To Phase or not to Phase	p. 416
Stages and Phases	p. 416
Phased Defense Procurement	p. 417
Elicitation and Requirements	p. 418
Managing Customer Control	p. 420
Specification Trees	p. 421
Looking the Gift-Requirement in the Teeth	p. 422
Project Versus Functional Versus Matrix Organization	p. 423
Organizational Paradigms	p. 423
Dynamics of Organizational Change	p. 425
Maintaining the Edge	p. 426
Summary	p. 427
Assignments	p. 427
Societal Systems Evolution	p. 431
Outcome as the Measure of Systems	p. 431
Social Engineering	p. 432
The Outlook	p. 437
Increasing Population	p. 437
Spreading Concrete	p. 438
Atmospheric Pollution	p. 439
Fresh Water Shortages	p. 439
Energy Shortages	p. 440
System Thinking: Societal Evolution	p. 440
Mountain Retreats	p. 441
Island Communities	p. 442
Littoral Enclaves	p. 443
Submersible Cities	p. 445
Pursuing the Goal	p. 447
Summary	p. 448
Assignments	p. 448
Configuration Entropy as a Useful Measure of Systems	p. 449
Measuring N[superscript 2] Charts	p. 449
Scoring N[superscript 2] Charts	p. 450
Minimizing N[superscript 2] Chart Entropy	p. 450
Practical Example of Entropy Measurement and Reduction	p. 452
Measuring Process Entropy	p. 453
Summary	p. 457
Set Theoretic Proof of Method: Rigorous Soft Method	p. 459
Diagrammatic Representation	p. 459
Set Theory Proof of Rigorous Soft Method	p. 460
About the Author	p. 463
Index	p. 465
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Advanced Systems Thinking, Engineering, and Management

At a Glance

Hardcover

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How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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