Contributors | p. ix |
Preface | p. xi |
Molecular Architecture and Therapeutic Potential of Lectin Mimics | |
Introduction | p. 2 |
Synthetic Lectin Mimics | p. 4 |
Molecular Architecture of Boronic Acid-Dependent Lectin Mimics | p. 4 |
Antiviral Potential of Boronic Acid-Dependent Lectin Mimics | p. 11 |
Molecular Architecture of Boronic Acid-Independent Lectin Mimics | p. 15 |
Antiviral and Antimicrobial Potential of Boronic Acid-Independent Lectin Mimics | p. 27 |
Naturally Occurring Lectin Mimics | p. 33 |
Antimicrobial and Carbohydrate-Binding Profiles of Pradimicins and Benanoimicins | p. 33 |
Molecular Basis of Carbohydrate Recognition by PRMs | p. 40 |
Antiviral Profile and Mode of Action of Pradimicins | p. 45 |
Conclusion and Future Prospects | p. 48 |
Acknowledgments | p. 49 |
References | p. 49 |
Enzymatic Conversions of Starch | |
Introduction | p. 61 |
Introduction and General Remarks | p. 61 |
Historical Background | p. 62 |
Former Reviews | p. 64 |
Enzymes and Microorganisms for Conversion of Starch | p. 65 |
Introduction | p. 65 |
Alpha Amylases (EC 3.2.1.1) | p. 80 |
Beta Amylases (EC 3.2.1.2) | p. 98 |
Glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) | p. 103 |
Other Amylases | p. 111 |
-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) | p. 111 |
Pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) | p. 114 |
Neopullulanase (EC 3.2.1.135) | p. 117 |
Isoamylase (EC3.2.1.68) | p. 117 |
Other Hydrolases | p. 119 |
Enzymatic Cocktails | p. 120 |
Glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1) | p. 123 |
Microorganisms | p. 124 |
Hydrolysis Pathways and Mechanisms | p. 127 |
Role of Adsorption | p. 127 |
Mechanism of Inhibition | p. 130 |
Mathematical Models of Enzymatic Hydrolysis | p. 132 |
Effect of Light, Microwaves, and External Electric Field | p. 135 |
Kinetics | p. 136 |
Amylolytic Starch Conversions | p. 144 |
Introduction | p. 144 |
Pulping | p. 145 |
Malting | p. 146 |
Mashing | p. 146 |
Liquefaction | p. 148 |
Saccharification | p. 151 |
Effect of the Botanical Origin of Starch | p. 159 |
Role of Starch Pretreatment | p. 174 |
Role of Temperature | p. 180 |
Role of the Substrate Concentration | p. 181 |
Role of Water | p. 181 |
Role of Elevated Pressure | p. 182 |
Role of pH | p. 182 |
Role of Admixed Inorganic Salts | p. 183 |
Role of Inhibitors | p. 186 |
Stimulators of Hydrolysis | p. 188 |
Engineering Problems | p. 189 |
Applications of the Enzymatic Processes | p. 191 |
Starch as a Feedstock for Fermentations | p. 208 |
General Remarks on Fermentation | p. 208 |
Alcohol and Alcohol-Acetone Fermentations | p. 209 |
Carboxylic Acid Fermentations | p. 232 |
Nonamylolytic Starch Conversions | p. 238 |
Glycosylation | p. 238 |
Esterification and Hydrolysis | p. 241 |
Methanogenic and Biosulfidogenic Conversions | p. 243 |
Isomerization | p. 243 |
Hydrogen Production | p. 245 |
Trehalose | p. 246 |
Bacterial Polyester Formation | p. 247 |
Branching of Starch | p. 247 |
Oxidation | p. 247 |
Polymerization | p. 247 |
Cyclodextrins | p. 249 |
Starch Metabolism in Human and Animal Organisms | p. 258 |
Digestible Starch | p. 258 |
Resistant Starch | p. 261 |
Starch Analytics Involving Enzymes | p. 262 |
Starch Evaluation and Analysis | p. 262 |
Enzyme Evaluation | p. 266 |
References | p. 268 |
Author Index | p. 437 |
Subject Index | p. 525 |
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