Air Pollution Control Engineering

By: Lawrence K. Wang (Editor), Norman C. Pereira (Editor), Yung-Tse Hung (Editor)

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Hardcover | 2 July 2004 | Edition Number 2

At a Glance

Hardcover
524 Pages

Edition Type
Revised

Dimensions(cm)
25.4 x 18.42 x 3.81

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$459.00

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A panel of respected air pollution control educators and practicing professionals critically survey the both principles and practices underlying control processes, and illustrate these with a host of detailed design examples for practicing engineers. The authors discuss the performance, potential, and limitations of the major control processes-including fabric filtration, cyclones, electrostatic precipitation, wet and dry scrubbing, and condensation-as a basis for intelligent planning of abatement systems,. Additional chapters critically examine flare processes, thermal oxidation, catalytic oxidation, gas-phase activated carbon adsorption, and gas-phase biofiltration. The contributors detail the Best Available Technologies (BAT) for air pollution control and provide cost data, examples, theoretical explanations, and engineering methods for the design, installation, and operation of air pollution process equipment. Methods of practical design calculation are illustrated by numerous numerical calculations.

Industry Reviews

"...the text will be equally useful for environmental engineering University students or those working in the industry." - Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology

"...one of the best texts I have reviewed...excellent and strongly recommend(ed)." Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Environmental Science Pollution Control Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning The Environment Pollution & Threats to the Environment Technology in General Engineering in General

Preface	p. v
Contributors	p. xi
Air Quality and Pollution Control	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Characteristics of Air Pollutants	p. 3
Standards	p. 6
Ambient Air Quality Standards	p. 6
Emission Standards	p. 8
Sources	p. 10
Effects	p. 10
Measurements	p. 13
Ambient Sampling	p. 14
Source Sampling	p. 17
Sample Locations	p. 18
Gas Flow Rates	p. 19
Relative Humidity	p. 22
Sample Train	p. 24
Determination of Size Distribution	p. 27
Gas Stream Calculations	p. 28
General	p. 28
Emission Stream Flow Rate and Temperature Calculations	p. 29
Moisture Content, Dew Point Content, and Sulfur Trioxide Calculations	p. 30
Particulate Matter Loading	p. 32
Heat Content Calculations	p. 33
Dilution Air Calculations	p. 33
Gas Stream Conditioning	p. 35
General	p. 35
Mechanical Collectors	p. 35
Gas Coolers	p. 36
Gas Preheaters	p. 36
Air Quality Management	p. 37
Recent Focus	p. 37
Ozone	p. 38
Air Toxics	p. 42
Greenhouse Gases Reduction and Industrial Ecology Approach	p. 43
Environmental Laws	p. 45
Control	p. 50
Conclusions	p. 52
Examples	p. 52
Example 1	p. 52
Example 2	p. 53
Nomenclature	p. 53
References	p. 55
Fabric Filtration	p. 59
Introduction	p. 59
Principle and Theory	p. 60
Application	p. 64
General	p. 64
Gas Cleaning	p. 64
Efficiency	p. 66
Engineering Design	p. 68
Pretreatment of an Emission Stream	p. 68
Air-to-Cloth Ratio	p. 68
Fabric Cleaning Design	p. 71
Baghouse Configuration	p. 73
Construction Materials	p. 73
Design Range of Effectiveness	p. 74
Operation	p. 74
General Considerations	p. 74
Collection Efficiency	p. 74
System Pressure Drop	p. 75
Power Requirements	p. 75
Filter Bag Replacement	p. 76
Management	p. 76
Evaluation of Permit Application	p. 76
Economics	p. 77
New Technology Awareness	p. 79
Design Examples and Questions	p. 80
Nomenclature	p. 92
References	p. 93
HAP Emission Stream Data Form	p. 95
Metric Conversions	p. 95
Cyclones	p. 97
Introduction	p. 97
Cyclones for Industrial Applications	p. 98
General Description	p. 98
Correlations for Cyclone Efficiency	p. 101
Correlations for Cyclone Pressure Drop	p. 105
Other Relations of Interest	p. 106
Application Examples	p. 107
Costs of Cyclone and Auxiliary Equipment	p. 118
Cyclone Purchase Cost	p. 118
Fan Purchase Cost	p. 119
Ductwork Purchase Cost	p. 120
Stack Purchase Cost	p. 120
Damper Purchase Cost	p. 121
Calculation of Present and Future Costs	p. 121
Cost Estimation Examples	p. 122
Cyclones for Airborne Particulate Sampling	p. 125
Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere	p. 125
General Correlation for Four Commercial Cyclones	p. 127
A Semiempirical Approach	p. 128
The "Cyclone Family" Approach	p. 135
PM[subscript 2.5] Samplers	p. 136
Examples	p. 140
Nomenclature	p. 147
References	p. 150
Electrostatic Precipitation	p. 153
Introduction	p. 153
Principles of Operation	p. 154
Corona Discharge	p. 157
Electrical Field Characteristics	p. 158
Particle Charging	p. 162
Particle Collection	p. 165
Design Methodology and Considerations	p. 171
Precipitator Size	p. 173
Particulate Resistivity	p. 176
Internal Configuration	p. 179
Electrode Systems	p. 181
Power Requirements	p. 181
Gas Flow Systems	p. 184
Precipitator Housing	p. 184
Flue Gas Conditioning	p. 185
Removal of Collected Particles	p. 185
Instrumentation	p. 187
Applications	p. 187
Electric Power Industry	p. 187
Pulp and Paper Industry	p. 188
Metallurgical Industry	p. 188
Cement Industry	p. 188
Chemical Industry	p. 188
Municipal Solid-Waste Incinerators	p. 189
Petroleum Industry	p. 189
Others	p. 189
Problems and Corrections	p. 189
Fundamental Problems	p. 189
Mechanical Problems	p. 192
Operational Problems	p. 192
Chemical Problems	p. 192
Expected Future Developments	p. 193
Nomenclature	p. 193
References	p. 195
Wet and Dry Scrubbing	p. 197
Introduction	p. 197
General Process Descriptions	p. 197
Wet Scrubbing or Wet Absorption	p. 198
Dry Scrubbing or Dry Absorption	p. 199
Wet Scrubbers	p. 199
Wet Absorbents or Solvents	p. 199
Wet Scrubbing Systems	p. 200
Wet Scrubber Applications	p. 203
Packed Tower (Wet Scrubber) Design	p. 204
Venturi Wet Scrubber Design	p. 215
Dry Scrubbers	p. 222
Dry Absorbents	p. 222
Dry Scrubbing Systems	p. 222
Dry Scrubbing Applications	p. 225
Dry Scrubber Design	p. 226
Practical Examples	p. 227
Nomenclature	p. 296
References	p. 298
Listing of Compounds Currently Considered Hazardous	p. 302
Condensation	p. 307
Introduction	p. 307
Process Description	p. 307
Types of Condensing Systems	p. 308
Range of Effectiveness	p. 309
Pretreatment, Posttreatment, and Engineering Considerations	p. 309
Pretreatment of Emission Stream	p. 309
Prevention of VOC Emission from Condensers	p. 311
Proper Maintenance	p. 311
Condenser System Design Variables	p. 311
Engineering Design	p. 311
General Design Information	p. 311
Estimating Condensation Temperature	p. 312
Condenser Heat Load	p. 313
Condenser Size	p. 314
Coolant Selection and Coolant Flow Rate	p. 315
Refrigeration Capacity	p. 316
Recovered Product	p. 316
Management	p. 316
Permit Review and Application	p. 316
Capital and Annual Costs of Condensers	p. 316
Environmental Applications	p. 320
Design Examples	p. 321
Nomenclature	p. 326
References	p. 327
Average Specific Heats of Vapors	p. 328
Flare Process	p. 329
Introduction	p. 329
Pretreatment and Engineering Considerations	p. 331
Supplementary Fuel Requirements	p. 331
Flare Gas Flow Rate and Heat Content	p. 331
Flare Gas Exit Velocity and Destruction Efficiency	p. 333
Steam Requirements	p. 334
Engineering Design	p. 334
Design of the Flame Angle	p. 334
Design of Flare Height	p. 334
Power Requirements of a Fan	p. 334
Management	p. 335
Data Required for Permit Application	p. 335
Evaluation of Permit Application	p. 335
Cost Estimation	p. 336
Design Examples	p. 340
Nomenclature	p. 343
References	p. 344
Thermal Oxidation	p. 347
Introduction	p. 347
Process Description	p. 347
Range of Effectiveness	p. 349
Applicability to Remediation Technologies	p. 349
Pretreatment and Engineering Considerations	p. 351
Air Dilution	p. 351
Design Variables	p. 352
Supplementary Fuel Requirements	p. 355
Engineering Design and Operation	p. 356
Flue Gas Flow Rate	p. 356
Combustion Chamber Volume	p. 356
System Pressure Drop	p. 356
Management	p. 357
Evaluation of Permit Application	p. 357
Operations and Manpower Requirements	p. 358
Decision for Rebuilding, Purchasing New or Used Incinerators	p. 360
Environmental Liabilities	p. 360
Design Examples	p. 360
Nomenclature	p. 365
References	p. 366
Catalytic Oxidation	p. 369
Introduction	p. 369
Process Description	p. 369
Range of Effectiveness	p. 372
Applicability to Remediation Technologies	p. 375
Pretreatment and Engineering Considerations	p. 375
Air Dilution Requirements	p. 375
Design Variables	p. 376
Supplementary Fuel Requirements	p. 379
Engineering Design and Operation	p. 382
Flue Gas Flow Rates	p. 382
Catalyst Bed Requirement	p. 382
System Pressure Drop	p. 383
Management	p. 384
Evaluation of Permit Application	p. 384
Operation and Manpower Requirements	p. 384
Decision for Rebuilding, Purchasing New or Used Incinerators	p. 385
Environmental Liabilities abd Risk-Based Corrective Action	p. 385
Design Examples	p. 386
Nomenclature	p. 392
References	p. 393
Gas-Phase Activated Carbon Adsorption	p. 395
Introduction and Definitions	p. 395
Adsorption	p. 395
Adsorbents	p. 396
Carbon Adsorption and Desorption	p. 396
Adsorption Theory	p. 397
Carbon Adsorption Pretreament	p. 399
Cooling	p. 399
Dehumidification	p. 400
High VOC Reduction	p. 400
Design and Operation	p. 400
Design Data Gathering	p. 400
Type of Carbon Adsorption Systems	p. 402
Design of Fixed Regenerative Bed Carbon Adsorption Systems	p. 402
Design of Canister Carbon Adsorption Systems	p. 405
Calculation of Pressure Drops	p. 406
Summary of Application	p. 406
Regeneration and Air Pollution Control of Carbon Adsorption System	p. 409
Granular Activated Carbon Versus Activated Carbon Fiber	p. 410
Carbon Suppliers, Equipment Suppliers, and Service Providers	p. 411
Design Examples	p. 411
Nomenclature	p. 418
Reference	p. 419
Gas-Phase Biofiltration	p. 421
Introduction	p. 421
Types of Biological Air Treatment System	p. 422
General Descriptions	p. 422
Novel or Emerging Designs	p. 424
Operational Considerations	p. 426
General Operational Considerations	p. 426
Biofilter Media	p. 428
Microbiological Considerations	p. 430
Chemical Considerations	p. 431
Comparison to Competing Technologies	p. 433
Design Considerations/Parameters	p. 433
Predesign	p. 433
Packing	p. 435
Case Studies	p. 435
High-Concentration 2-Propanol and Acetone	p. 435
General Odor Control at a Municipal Wastewater-Treatment Facility	p. 436
Process Control and Monitoring	p. 440
Limitations of the Technology	p. 440
Conclusions	p. 441
Nomenclature	p. 443
References	p. 444
Emerging Air Pollution Control Technologies	p. 445
Introduction	p. 445
Process Modification	p. 446
Vehicle Air Pollution and Its Control	p. 446
Background	p. 446
Standards	p. 447
Sources of Loss	p. 447
Control Technologies and Alternate Power Plants	p. 448
Mechanical Particulate Collectors	p. 453
General	p. 453
Gravitational Collectors	p. 454
Other Methods	p. 455
Use of Chemicals	p. 465
Simultaneous Particle-Gas Removal Interactions	p. 465
Entrainment Separation	p. 466
Internal Combustion Engines	p. 467
Process Description	p. 467
Applications to Air Emission Control	p. 469
Membrane Process	p. 471
Process Description	p. 471
Application to Air Emission Control	p. 474
Ultraviolet Photolysis	p. 475
Process Description	p. 475
Application to Air Emission Control	p. 476
High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filters	p. 477
Process Description	p. 477
Application to Air Emission Control	p. 479
Technical and Economical Feasibility of Selected Emerging Technologies for Air Pollution Control	p. 480
General Discussion	p. 480
Evaluation of ICEs, Membrane Process, UV Process, and High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filters	p. 480
Evaluation of Fuel-Cell-Powered Vehicles for Air Emission Reduction	p. 481
Nomenclature	p. 489
References	p. 491
Index	p. 495
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

Air Pollution Control Engineering

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

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