An Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Using Stata (R)

Preface Acknowledgments Part I * The Research Process And Data Collection Chapter 1 * A Brief Overview of the Research Process 1.1 Introduction 1.2 What Is Research 1.3 Steps In The Research Process 1.4 Conclusion Exercises Chapter 2 * Sampling Techniques 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Sample Design 2.3 Selecting A Sample 2.4 Sampling Weights Exercises Chapter 3 * Questionnaire Design 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Types Of Questionnaires 3.3 Guidelines For Questionnaire Design 3.4 Recording Responses 3.5 Skip Patterns 3.6 Ethical Issues Exercises Part II * Describing Data Chapter 4 * An Introduction to Stata 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Opening Stata And Stata Windows 4.3 Working With Existing Data 4.4 Setting Preferences In Stata 4.5 Entering Your Own Data Into Stata 4.6 Using Log Files And Saving Your Work 4.7 Getting Help 4.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter Exercises Chapter 5 * Preparing and Transforming Your Data 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Checking For Outliers 5.3 Creating New Variables 5.4 Missing Values In Stata 5.5 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter Exercises Chapter 6 * Descriptive Statistics 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Types Of Variables And Measurement 6.3 Descriptive Statistics For All Types Of Variables: Frequency Tables And Modes 6.4 Descriptive Statistics For Variables Measured As Ordinal, Interval, And Ratio Scales: Median And Percentiles 6.5 Descriptive Statistics For Continuous Variables: Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, And Coefficient Of Variation 6.6 Descriptive Statistics For Categorical Variables Measured On A Nominal Or Ordinal Scale: Cross Tabulation 6.7 Applying Sampling Weights 6.8 Formatting Output For Use In A Document (Word, Google Docs, Etc.) 6.9 Graphs To Describe Data 6.10 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter Exercises Part III * Testing Hypotheses Chapter 7 * The Normal Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, and Statistical Significance 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Normal Distribution And Standard Scores 7.3 Sampling Distributions And Standard Errors 7.4 Examining The Theory And Identifying The Research Question And Hypothesis 7.5 Testing For Statistical Significance Between A Sample Mean And A Population Mean 7.6 Rejecting Or Not Rejecting The Null Hypothesis 7.7 Interpreting The Results 7.8 Central Limit Theorem 7.9 Presenting The Results 7.10 Comparing A Sample Proportion To A Population Proportion 7.11 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter Exercises Chapter 8 * Testing a Hypothesis About a Single Mean and a Single Proportion 8.1 Introduction 8.2 When To Use The One-Sample t Test 8.3 Calculating The One-Sample t Test 8.4 Conducting A One-Sample t Test 8.5 Interpreting The Output 8.6 Presenting The Results 8.7 Estimating A Population Proportion From A Sample Proportion 8.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter Exercises Chapter 9 * Testing a Hypothesis About Two Independent Means 9.1 Introduction 9.2 When To Use A Two Independentsamples t Test 9.3 Calculating The t Statistic 9.4 Conducting A t Test 9.5 Interpreting The Output 9.6 Presenting The Results 9.7 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter Exercises Chapter 10 * One-Way Analysis of Variance 10.1 Introduction 10.2 When To Use One-Way ANOVA 10.3 Calculating The F Ratio 10.4 Conducting A One-Way ANOVA Test 10.5 Interpreting The Output 10.6 Is One Mean Different or are all of Them Different? 10.7 Presenting The Results 10.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter Exercises Chapter 11 * Comparing Categorical Variables - The Chi-Squared Test and Proportions 11.1 Introduction 11.2 When To Use The Chi-Squared Test 11.3 Calculating The Chi-Square Statistic 11.4 Conducting A Chi-Squared Test 11.5 Interpreting The Output 11.6 Presenting The Results 11.7 Comparing Proportions Or Binary Categorical Variables 11.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter Exercises Part IV * Exploring Relationships Chapter 12 * Linear Regression Analysis 12.1 Introduction 12.2 When To Use Regression Analysis 12.3 Correlation 12.4 Simple Regression Analysis 12.5 Multiple Regression Analysis 12.6 Presenting The Results 12.7 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter Exercises Chapter 13 * Regression Diagnostics 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Measurement Error 13.3 Specification Error 13.4 Multicollinearity 13.5 Heteroscedasticity 13.6 Endogeneity 13.7 Nonnormality 13.8 Presenting The Results 13.9 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter Exercises Chapter 14 * Regression Analysis with Binary Dependent Variables 14.1 Introduction 14.2 When To Use Logit Or Probit Analysis 14.3 Understanding The Logit Model 14.4 Running A Logit Model 14.5 Interpreting The Results Of A Logit Model 14.6 Logit Versus Probit Regression Models 14.7 Presenting The Results 14.8 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter Exercises Chapter 15 * Introduction to Advanced Topics in Regression Analysis 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Regression With A Categorical Dependent Variable 15.3 Instrumental Variables Regression 15.4 Regression With Time-Series Data 15.5 Regression That Combines Cross-Section And Time-Series Data 15.6 Summary Of Commands Used In This Chapter Exercises Part V * Writing A Research Paper Chapter 16 * Writing a Research Paper 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Introduction Section Of A Research Paper 16.3 Literature Review 16.4 Theory, Data, And Methods 16.5 Results 16.6 Discussion 16.7 Conclusions Exercises Appendices Appendix 1 * Quick Reference Guide to Stata Commands Appendix 2 * Summary of Statistical Tests by Chapter Appendix 3 * Decision Tree for Choosing the Right Statistic Appendix 4 * Decision Rules for Statistical Significance Appendix 5 * Areas Under the Normal Curve (Z Scores) Appendix 6 * Critical Values of the t Distribution Appendix 7 * Stata Code for Random Sampling Appendix 8 * Examples of Nonlinear Functions Appendix 9 * Estimating the Minimum Sample Size Appendix 10 Description of the Data Sets Used in the Textbook Glossary About the Authors Index