| Lotus Effect: Roughness-Induced Superhydrophobicity | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Contact Angle Analysis | p. 4 |
| Homogeneous Solid-Liquid Interface | p. 5 |
| Composite Solid-Liquid-Air Interface | p. 8 |
| Stability of the Composite Interface | p. 11 |
| Calculation of the Contact Angle for Selected Rough Surfaces and Surface Optimization | p. 19 |
| Two-Dimensional Periodic Profiles | p. 20 |
| Three-Dimensional Surfaces | p. 23 |
| Surface Optimization for Maximum Contact Angle | p. 29 |
| Meniscus Force | p. 31 |
| Sphere in Contact with a Smooth Surface | p. 31 |
| Multiple-Asperity Contact | p. 33 |
| Experimental Data | p. 34 |
| Closure | p. 37 |
| References | p. 38 |
| Gecko Feet: Natural Attachment Systems for Smart Adhesion | p. 41 |
| Introduction | p. 41 |
| Tokay Gecko | p. 42 |
| Construction of Tokay Gecko | p. 42 |
| Other Attachment Systems | p. 44 |
| Adaptation to Surface Roughness | p. 45 |
| Peeling | p. 47 |
| Self-Cleaning | p. 48 |
| Attachment Mechanisms | p. 51 |
| Unsupported Adhesive Mechanisms | p. 52 |
| Supported Adhesive Mechanisms | p. 54 |
| Experimental Adhesion Test Techniques and Data | p. 56 |
| Adhesion Under Ambient Conditions | p. 56 |
| Effects of Temperature | p. 58 |
| Effects of Humidity | p. 58 |
| Effects of Hydrophobicity | p. 60 |
| Design of Biomimetic Fibrillar Structures | p. 60 |
| Verification of Adhesion Enhancement of Fabricated Surfaces Using Fibrillar Structures | p. 60 |
| Contact Mechanics of Fibrillar Structures | p. 62 |
| Fabrication of Biomimetric Gecko Skin | p. 65 |
| Closure | p. 69 |
| References | p. 73 |
| Novel AFM Nanoprobes | p. 77 |
| Introduction and Historic Developments | p. 77 |
| DPN and Fountain Pen Nanolithography | p. 81 |
| NFP Chip Design - 1D and 2D Arrays | p. 84 |
| Microfabrication of the NFP | p. 94 |
| Independent Lead Zirconate Titanate Actuation | p. 99 |
| Applications | p. 102 |
| Perspectives of NFP | p. 108 |
| Ultrananocrystalline-Diamond Probes | p. 109 |
| Chip Design | p. 111 |
| Molding and Other Fabrication Techniques | p. 112 |
| Performance Assessment and Wear Tests | p. 115 |
| Applications | p. 118 |
| Perspectives for Diamond Probes | p. 128 |
| References | p. 129 |
| Nanoelectromechanical Systems - Experiments and Modeling | p. 135 |
| Introduction | p. 135 |
| Nanoelectromechanical Systems | p. 136 |
| Carbon Nanotubes | p. 136 |
| Fabrication Methods | p. 137 |
| Inducing and Detecting Motion | p. 140 |
| Functional NEMS Devices | p. 146 |
| Future Challenges | p. 163 |
| Modeling of NEMS | p. 165 |
| Multiscale Modeling | p. 166 |
| Continuum Mechanics Modeling | p. 176 |
| References | p. 190 |
| Application of Atom-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopyin Catalysis Research | p. 197 |
| Introduction | p. 197 |
| Scanning Tunneling Microscopy | p. 199 |
| STM Studies of a Hydrotreating Model Catalyst | p. 200 |
| Selective Blocking of Active Sites on Ni(111) | p. 207 |
| High-Pressure STM: Bridging the Pressure Gap in Catalysis | p. 214 |
| Summary and Outlook | p. 220 |
| References | p. 221 |
| Nanostructuration and Nanoimaging of Biomolecules for Biosensors | p. 225 |
| Introduction and Definition of Biosensors | p. 225 |
| Definition | p. 225 |
| Biosensor Components | p. 225 |
| Immobilization of the Bioreceptor | p. 226 |
| Langmuir-Blodgett and Self-Assembled Monolayers as Immobilization Techniques | p. 227 |
| Langmuir-Blodgett Technique | p. 227 |
| Self-Assembled Monolayers | p. 236 |
| Characterization of SAMs and LB Films | p. 248 |
| Prospects and Conclusion | p. 253 |
| References | p. 255 |
| Applications of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) | p. 259 |
| Introduction | p. 260 |
| Overview | p. 260 |
| Relation to Other Methods | p. 261 |
| Instrument and Basic Concepts | p. 262 |
| Application in Biotechnology and Cellular Biology | p. 266 |
| Investigation of Immobilized Enzymes | p. 266 |
| Investigation of Metabolism of Tissues and Adherent Cells | p. 277 |
| Investigation of Mass Transport Through Biological Tissue | p. 284 |
| Application to Technologically Important Electrodes | p. 288 |
| Investigation of Passive Layers and Local Corrosion Phenomena | p. 288 |
| Investigation of Electrocatalytically Important Electrodes | p. 290 |
| Conclusion and Outlook: New Instrumental Developments and Implication for Future Applications | p. 293 |
| References | p. 294 |
| Nanomechanical Characterization of Structural and Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives | p. 301 |
| Introduction | p. 303 |
| A Brief Introduction to Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM) | p. 305 |
| Various SFM Operation Modes | p. 305 |
| ContactMechanics | p. 308 |
| Extracting Information from Thermomechanical Noise | p. 310 |
| Fundamental Issues of Nanomechanical Studies in the Vicinity of an Interface | p. 311 |
| Identification of the Interface | p. 312 |
| Implications of the Interface for Indentation Measurements | p. 314 |
| Property Variations Within Amine-Cured Epoxies | p. 320 |
| A Brief Introduction to Epoxy Mechanical Properties | p. 320 |
| Epoxy Interphases | p. 323 |
| Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives (PSAs) | p. 329 |
| A Brief Introduction to PSAs | p. 329 |
| Heterogeneities of an Elastomer-Tackifier PSA as Studied by Means of M-LFM | p. 331 |
| The Particle Coalescence Behavior of an Acrylic PSA as Studied by Means of Intermittent Contact Mode | p. 337 |
| Evidence for the Fibrillation Ability of an Acrylic PSA from the Analysis of the Noise PSD | p. 340 |
| Conclusions | p. 342 |
| References | p. 343 |
| Development of MOEMS Devices and Their Reliability Issues | p. 349 |
| Introduction to Microoptoelectromechanical Systems | p. 349 |
| Typical MOEMS Devices: Structure and Mechanisms | p. 351 |
| Digital Micromirror Device and Other Micromirror Devices | p. 351 |
| MEMS Optical Switch | p. 353 |
| MEMS-Based Interferometric Modulator Devices | p. 355 |
| Grating Light Valve Technique | p. 356 |
| Continuous Membrane Deformable Mirrors | p. 357 |
| Reliability Issues of MOEMS | p. 358 |
| Stiction-Induced Failure of DMD | p. 358 |
| Thermomechanical Issues with Micromirrors | p. 360 |
| Friction- and Wear-Related Failure | p. 361 |
| Contamination-Related Failure | p. 361 |
| Summary | p. 363 |
| References | p. 364 |
| Subject Index | p. 367 |
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