List of Figures | p. xiii |
List of Tables | p. xv |
Acronyms | p. xvii |
Glossary | p. xxi |
Introduction to urban aquatic habitat management | p. 1 |
Impact of global processes on water resources in cities | p. 1 |
Aquatic habitats in integrated urban water management: How are they managed or mismanaged? | p. 2 |
Comments on urban aquatic habitat management: Restoration, preservation, rehabilitation or remediation? | p. 4 |
Structure of this book | p. 5 |
Urban aquatic habitats: Characteristics and functioning | p. 9 |
Characteristics of aquatic habitats | p. 9 |
Human modifications of aquatic habitats | p. 11 |
Flow regime | p. 12 |
Physical habitat structure | p. 13 |
Biotic interactions | p. 13 |
Food (energy) sources | p. 14 |
Chemical variables (water quality) | p. 14 |
Factor interdependencies | p. 15 |
Background on aquatic ecosystem functioning | p. 15 |
Conceptual model of aquatic ecosystem functioning | p. 16 |
Definition of objectives for preservation or rehabilitation of aquatic ecosystems | p. 19 |
Selecting preservation or rehabilitation measures | p. 21 |
Strategies, policies and regulations integrating protection andrehabilitation of aquatic habitats in urban water management | p. 25 |
Strategies for protection and rehabilitation of urban aquatichabitats | p. 25 |
Sustainable development | p. 26 |
Ecosystem approach | p. 27 |
Measuring progress towards sustainability: Criteria and indicators | p. 28 |
UN Division for Sustainable Development indicators (2006) | p. 28 |
Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI): Yale University and Columbia University, 2005 | p. 28 |
Pillar-based sustainability criteria | p. 30 |
Urban environmental management approaches | p. 30 |
Low impact development (LID) | p. 31 |
Total management of the urban water cycle (TMUWC) | p. 32 |
Soft path for water | p. 33 |
Regulations and policies driving the implementation of strategies for urban aquatic habitat's protection and rehabilitation | p. 34 |
Approaches focusing on aquatic habitat protection | p. 34 |
Approaches focusing on water quality protection | p. 35 |
Integrated regulations and policies addressing aquatic habitats | p. 37 |
Additional observations concerning developing countries | p. 38 |
Emerging challenges | p. 39 |
Ecosensitive approaches to managing urban aquatic habitats and their integration with urban infrastructure | p. 43 |
Urban water cycle and aquatic habitats | p. 43 |
Habitat interactions with water supply | p. 45 |
Managing water import into urban areas | p. 45 |
Impacts on aquatic habitats imposed by water reservoirs | p. 47 |
Habitat interactions with urban drainage and flood protection | p. 49 |
Urban drainage: Problem definition and needs for management | p. 49 |
Urban drainage impacts on aquatic habitats | p. 49 |
Overview of aquatic life support conditions in urban waters impacted by stormwater discharges | p. 51 |
Need for stormwater management | p. 51 |
Urban drainage: Stormwater management goals | p. 52 |
Tools for effective stormwater management | p. 53 |
Guidelines and targets | p. 55 |
Technological measures (BMPs) | p. 55 |
Promotion of modern stormwater management | p. 56 |
Flood protection | p. 58 |
Habitat interactions with wastewater management and sanitation systems | p. 59 |
Basic demands on wastewater management systems | p. 60 |
Wastewater systems without separation of waste streams at the source | p. 61 |
Water and wastewater reuse for environmental benefits | p. 62 |
Technology and site selection | p. 63 |
Concluding observations | p. 64 |
Aquatic habitat rehabilitation: Goals, constraints and techniques | p. 71 |
Assessing the ecological potential of the river | p. 71 |
Buffering mechanisms | p. 71 |
Methods for river state assessment | p. 72 |
Bioassessment | p. 72 |
Physical and geomorphological assessment | p. 74 |
Techniques in urban river rehabilitation | p. 74 |
Rehabilitation of hydrological dynamics of river habitats | p. 76 |
Attenuation of peak flows using in-catchment or on-watercourse storage reservoirs | p. 76 |
Managing the high-flow regime in floodplains and riverbeds | p. 78 |
Assurance of minimum flows during dry weather | p. 78 |
Flattening | |
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