| Preface | p. vii |
| Preface | p. ix |
| Editors' Note | p. xi |
| Assessing and managing earthquake risk. An introduction | |
| Organization of the Book | p. 1 |
| Natural Hazards. Earthquakes | p. 2 |
| Earthquake prediction and prevention | p. 5 |
| Construction practices and urban planning | p. 6 |
| Emergency planning and managing | p. 8 |
| Reinforcing and reconstruction of the building stock | p. 10 |
| Philosophies and policies | p. 10 |
| Lessons learned from recent earthquakes | p. 11 |
| Political considerations | p. 11 |
| Education and mass media risk communication | p. 12 |
| Definitions of some basic concepts | p. 12 |
| Earthquake Hazard and Strong Motion | |
| Overview on earthquake hazard assessment - methods and new trends | |
| Introduction | p. 15 |
| Historical evolution of methods | p. 15 |
| Fundamentals of seismic hazard analysis | p. 19 |
| Methodology for seismic risk scenario assessment | p. 28 |
| New contributions to the earthquake process | p. 31 |
| Data to support hazard modelling | p. 36 |
| Results and illustrations | p. 40 |
| PSHA and the design of civil engineering constructions | p. 43 |
| Final tendencies of the future development and considerations | p. 46 |
| Observation, characterization and prediction of strong ground motion | |
| Introduction | p. 47 |
| Strong ground motion measurements | p. 47 |
| Explanatory variables of ground motion | p. 54 |
| Predictive methods of ground motion | p. 58 |
| Definition of seismic action | p. 62 |
| Local site effects and microzonation | |
| Introduction | p. 67 |
| Importance of local site effects on observed earthquake damage | p. 68 |
| Zoning, microzoning and resulting maps: a tool for predicting local site effects | p. 71 |
| Geological, geotechnical and geophysical approaches for soil characterization | p. 73 |
| Nonlinear effects | p. 75 |
| Numerical methods for estimating local effects | p. 78 |
| Experimental methods for estimating local site effects | p. 82 |
| Topographic effects | p. 86 |
| Liquefaction and induced effects | p. 87 |
| Final considerations | p. 89 |
| Site - city interaction | |
| Introduction | p. 91 |
| Experimental evidence | p. 92 |
| Modelling simple interaction | p. 96 |
| Multiple interaction | p. 100 |
| A simple energetic model | p. 108 |
| Concluding comments | p. 112 |
| Vulnerability Assessment | |
| Vulnerability assessment of dwelling buildings | |
| Introduction | p. 115 |
| Methodologies for vulnerability assessment | p. 116 |
| Vulnerability index method based on the EMS-98 macroseismic scale | p. 119 |
| Capacity spectrum method | p. 129 |
| Final remarks | p. 134 |
| Vulnerability assessment of historical buildings | |
| Introduction | p. 135 |
| The observed vulnerability in historical buildings | p. 139 |
| The vulnerability assessment methodology | p. 142 |
| Macroseismic vulnerability assessment of churches (level 2) | p. 149 |
| A mechanical model for capacity spectrum method on monuments (level 2) | p. 150 |
| Final remarks | p. 158 |
| Experimental techniques for assessment of dynamic behaviour of buildings | |
| Introduction | p. 159 |
| Brief characterisation of dynamic properties of buildings | p. 160 |
| Dynamic testing | p. 163 |
| Techniques for identification of natural periods and evaluation of damping ratio | p. 165 |
| Comparison of methods. Calibration with analytical techniques | p. 168 |
| Correlation of natural frequencies and damping with geometry of buildings | p. 173 |
| Relation between building damage and soil predominant frequencies | p. 180 |
| Final considerations | p. 182 |
| Vulnerability and risk assessment of lifelines | |
| Introduction | p. 185 |
| Social and economic consequences of lifeline damages | p. 187 |
| Advancement in risk management of lifelines | p. 188 |
| Basic features of lifelines | p. 189 |
| Overview of seismic risk assessment methodology for lifelines | p. 190 |
| Losses, mitigation | p. 206 |
| Earthquake risk reduction policy | p. 211 |
| System Analysis and Risk | |
| Damage scenarios and damage evaluation | |
| Introduction | p. 213 |
| Earthquake hazard | p. 214 |
| Elements at risk | p. 217 |
| Earthquake vulnerabilities | p. 220 |
| Urban earthquake risk results | p. 232 |
| Urban system exposure to natural disasters: an integrated approach | |
| Introduction | p. 239 |
| Characterisation of the urban system | p. 240 |
| Valuation and classification of elements at risk | p. 247 |
| Analysis of vulnerability factors and element interdependency | p. 254 |
| Validation phase with the local actors | p. 256 |
| Conclusion | p. 258 |
| Response of hospital systems | |
| Introduction | p. 261 |
| The seismic behaviour of hospitals | p. 261 |
| Response of the hospital network to an emergency: general aspects | p. 262 |
| Simplified model: seismic analysis of a regional system | p. 269 |
| Case study | p. 277 |
| Managing Earthquake Risk | |
| Building against earthquakes | |
| Introduction | p. 287 |
| Architectural design | p. 287 |
| Code design and construction details | p. 301 |
| Actual trends for seismic design | p. 305 |
| Final remarks | p. 308 |
| Industrial facilities | |
| Introduction | p. 309 |
| Seismic hazard-some recent developments in engineering seismology | p. 309 |
| Design earthquakes in IAEA safety guides | p. 311 |
| Earthquake-resistant design | p. 315 |
| Approach for exclusion criteria and minimum seismic design for NPP's, followed by a description of practice in some countries | p. 316 |
| A proposed approach for other critical facilities | p. 319 |
| Early warning and rapid damage assessment | |
| Background and introduction | p. 323 |
| Early warning | p. 324 |
| Rapid post-earthquake damage assessment | p. 325 |
| Earthquake early warning and rapid response systems | p. 328 |
| Technical emergency management | |
| Introduction | p. 339 |
| Immediate occupancy and damage survey | p. 340 |
| Basis of methodology | p. 345 |
| Time and space evolution | p. 354 |
| Procedures and forms | p. 356 |
| Statistics and predictive models | p. 359 |
| Special buildings | p. 361 |
| Training and preparedness | p. 364 |
| Short term countermeasures | p. 365 |
| Civil protection management | |
| Introduction | p. 369 |
| Civil protection organization | p. 371 |
| SEMS, California | p. 373 |
| Augustus method, Italy | p. 375 |
| Molise 2002 earthquake | p. 378 |
| Earthquake risk and insurance | |
| Insurance and earthquakes | p. 385 |
| Losses and insurance exposure in recent events | p. 388 |
| Modelling of earthquake risks for insurance | p. 390 |
| Modelling earthquake risk for the Turkish catastrophe insurance pool | p. 394 |
| Conclusion | p. 401 |
| Strengthening and repairing earthquake damaged structures | |
| Introduction | p. 403 |
| Historical survey | p. 403 |
| Defining the constructions | p. 404 |
| Observation and surveyed damages | p. 406 |
| Material mechanical characterization | p. 408 |
| Numerical analysis | p. 414 |
| Strengthening solutions and application conditions | p. 418 |
| Conclusions | p. 425 |
| Advanced techniques in modelling, response and recovery | |
| Introduction | p. 427 |
| Remote sensing and geomatic technologies | p. 428 |
| Applications for earthquake risk management | p. 432 |
| Case studies | p. 440 |
| Conclusions | p. 447 |
| Case Studies, Initiatives and Experiences | |
| Seismic loss scenarios based on hazard disaggregation. Application to the metropolitan region of Lisbon, Portugal | |
| Introduction | p. 449 |
| Assessment of probability-based seismic loss scenarios | p. 450 |
| A seismic loss methodology integrated in a geographic information system | p. 453 |
| Conclusions | p. 461 |
| Loss scenarios for regional emergency plans: application to Catalonia, Spain | |
| Introduction | p. 463 |
| Risk assessment | p. 463 |
| Damage scenario mapping: a tool for emergency preparedness | p. 471 |
| RISK-UE project: an advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios with application to different European towns | |
| Introduction | p. 479 |
| Previous case studies | p. 480 |
| The RISK-UE project | p. 491 |
| Comparison between HAZUS, RADIUS and RISK-UE | p. 507 |
| Final conclusions | p. 507 |
| References | p. 509 |
| Figures acknowledgements | p. 543 |
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