Preface | p. xi |
Introductory concepts | p. 1 |
Units | p. 2 |
Earth, weight and mass | p. 3 |
Systems and equilibrium | p. 7 |
Constraints | p. 12 |
Intensive and extensive quantities | p. 13 |
System boundaries | p. 14 |
Thermodynamics and atmospheric science | p. 16 |
Notes | p. 17 |
Notation and abbreviations | p. 18 |
Problems | p. 18 |
Gases | p. 20 |
Ideal gas basics | p. 20 |
Distribution of velocities | p. 29 |
Flux of molecules striking a wall | p. 35 |
Moles, etc. | p. 36 |
Dalton's Law | p. 39 |
Notes | p. 41 |
Notation and abbreviations | p. 41 |
Problems | p. 42 |
The First Law of Thermodynamics | p. 44 |
Reversible and irreversible work | p. 47 |
Heating a system | p. 48 |
Ideal gas results | p. 51 |
Enthalpy | p. 61 |
Standard enthalpy of fusion and vaporization | p. 63 |
Notes | p. 65 |
Notation and abbreviations | p. 65 |
Problems | p. 66 |
The Second Law of Thermodynamics | p. 69 |
Entropy | p. 73 |
The Second Law of Thermodynamics | p. 76 |
Systems and reversibility | p. 77 |
Additivity of entropy | p. 78 |
Extremum principle | p. 82 |
Entropy summary | p. 87 |
Criteria for equilibrium | p. 88 |
Gibbs energy | p. 89 |
Multiple components | p. 93 |
Notes | p. 95 |
Notation and abbreviations | p. 96 |
Problems | p. 96 |
Air and water | p. 99 |
Vapor pressure | p. 99 |
Saturation vapor pressure | p. 102 |
Van der Waals equation | p. 103 |
Multiple phase systems | p. 105 |
Phase boundaries | p. 107 |
Clausius-Clapeyron equation | p. 109 |
Integration of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation | p. 110 |
Mixing air and water | p. 112 |
Wet-bulb temperature, LCL | p. 117 |
Equilibrium vapor pressure over a curved surface | p. 121 |
Isobaric mixing of air parcels | p. 130 |
Notes | p. 131 |
Notation and abbreviations | p. 131 |
Problems | p. 132 |
Profiles of the atmosphere | p. 134 |
Pressure versus height | p. 134 |
Slope of the dry adiabat | p. 138 |
Geopotential height and thickness | p. 141 |
Archimedes' Principle | p. 143 |
Stability | p. 145 |
Vertical oscillations | p. 147 |
Where is the LCL? | p. 149 |
Slope of a moist adiabat | p. 152 |
Lifting moist air | p. 154 |
Moist static energy | p. 158 |
Profiles of well-mixed layers | p. 158 |
Notes | p. 161 |
Notation and abbreviations | p. 161 |
Problems | p. 162 |
Thermodynamic charts | p. 163 |
Areas and energy | p. 164 |
Skew T diagram | p. 166 |
Chart exercises | p. 170 |
Stability problem: example sounding | p. 178 |
Convective available potential energy (CAPE) | p. 181 |
Notation and abbreviations | p. 186 |
Problems | p. 186 |
Thermochemistry | p. 191 |
Standard enthalpy of formation | p. 192 |
Photochemistry | p. 194 |
Gibbs energy for chemical reactions | p. 199 |
Elementary kinetics | p. 201 |
Equilibrium constant | p. 206 |
Solutions | p. 211 |
Notes | p. 217 |
Notation and abbreviations | p. 217 |
Problems | p. 218 |
The Thermodynamic equation | p. 220 |
Scalar and vector fields | p. 225 |
Pressure gradient force | p. 228 |
Surface integrals and flux | p. 230 |
Conduction of heat | p. 232 |
Two-dimensional divergence | p. 234 |
Three-dimensional divergence | p. 237 |
Divergence theorem | p. 239 |
Continuity equation | p. 240 |
Material derivative | p. 242 |
Thermodynamic equation | p. 243 |
Potential temperature form | p. 245 |
Contributions to DQ$$/Dt | p. 245 |
Notes | p. 246 |
Notation and abbreviations | p. 246 |
Problems | p. 247 |
Units and numerical values of constants | p. 249 |
Notation and abbreviations | p. 252 |
Answers for selected problems | p. 258 |
Bibliography | p. 263 |
Index | p. 265 |
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