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Atomic Force Microscopy For Biologists

By: Andrew R Kirby, Victor J Morris, Patrick A Gunning

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Hardcover | 7 December 1999

At a Glance

Hardcover
352 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
22.1 x 15.8 x 2.3

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Published: 23rd August 2009

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is part of a range of emerging microscopic methods for biologists which offer the magnification range of both the light and electron microscope, but allow imaging under the ''natural'' conditions usually associated with the light microscope. To biologists AFM offers the prospect of high resolution images of biological material, images of molecules and their interactions even under physiological conditions, and the study of molecular processes in living systems. This book provides a realistic appreciation of the advantages and limitations of the technique and the present and future potential for improving the understanding of biological systems.

Industry Reviews

"This book fills an important niche by providing an introduction to AFM that will be understandable to a wide range of scientists ... the reader is offered an introduction of sufficient brevity to actually be read and of sufficient depth to help in defining the potential uses of SPMs in his or her own research." Nature Cell Biology, 2000 "I found this book easy to read with clear, simple explanations of a complex topic. I think that the selection of the subjects treated in the book is sufficient for the non-specialist to understand both the basic concepts of the AFM and the production of AFM images in biological systems." Microscopy and Analysis, 2001 "... is an excellent introduction for anybody wishing to enter this field ... In summary I would strongly recommend this book to any biologist planning on carrying out research using SPM imaging techniques and existing users in the field who wish to broaden their knowledge of SPM imaging and the research already carried out on common biological systems." Drew Murray Veeco Instruments, Cambridge, UK "This book provides an excellent survey of novel applications. It is nicely illustrated with numerous images from leading experts in the field. Clear descriptions of the apparatus and its basic principles are provided in a way accessible to students/scientists who do not have a strong physics background. It will be useful to biologists, but also non-biologists dealing with biosystems ..." Prof Y F Dufrene UCL, Belgium

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Non-Fiction Science Physics Applied Physics Biophysics Medicine Medicine in General Engineering & Technology Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology Science in General Scientific Equipment

Microscopy Biology, Life Sciences

An Introduction	p. 1
Apparatus	p. 5
The atomic force microscope	p. 5
Piezoelectric scanners	p. 8
Probes and cantilevers	p. 9
Cantilever geometry	p. 10
Tip shape	p. 12
Tip functionality	p. 13
Sample holders	p. 14
Liquid cells	p. 14
Detection methods	p. 15
Optical detectors: laser beam deflection	p. 16
Optical detectors: interferometry	p. 17
Electrical detectors: electron tunnelling	p. 18
Electrical detectors: capacitance	p. 19
Electrical detectors: piezoelectric cantilevers	p. 20
Control systems	p. 21
AFM electronics	p. 21
Operation of the electronics	p. 24
Feedback control loops	p. 25
Design limitations	p. 28
Enhancing the performance of large scanners	p. 29
Vibration isolation: thermal and mechanical	p. 29
Calibration	p. 30
Piezoelectric scanner non-linearity	p. 31
Tip related factors	p. 32
Determining cantilever force constants	p. 34
Calibration standards	p. 35
Tips for scanning a calibration specimen	p. 36
Integrated AFMs	p. 37
Combined AFM-light microscope (AFM-LM)	p. 37
'Submarine' AFM-the combined AFM-Langmuir Trough	p. 38
Combined AFM-surface plasmon resonance (AFM-SPR)	p. 38
Cryo-AFM	p. 39
Basic Principles	p. 44
Forces	p. 44
The Van der Waals force and force-distance curves	p. 44
The electrostatic force	p. 47
Capillary and adhesive forces	p. 48
Double layer forces	p. 49
Imaging modes	p. 50
Contact dc mode	p. 50
Non-contact ac modes	p. 51
Error signal or deflection mode	p. 54
Image types	p. 55
Topographical	p. 55
Frictional force	p. 56
Phase	p. 56
Substrates	p. 57
Mica	p. 57
Glass	p. 58
Graphite	p. 58
Common problems	p. 59
Thermal drift	p. 59
Multiple tip effects	p. 59
Tip convolution and probe broadening	p. 61
Sample roughness	p. 61
Sample mobility	p. 63
Imaging under liquid	p. 63
Getting started	p. 64
DNA	p. 64
Troublesome large samples	p. 67
Image optimisation	p. 69
Grey levels and colour tables	p. 69
Brightness and contrast	p. 70
High and low pass filtering	p. 70
Normalisation and plane fitting	p. 70
Despike	p. 71
Fourier filtering	p. 71
Correlation averaging	p. 73
Stereographs	p. 73
Do your homework!	p. 74
Macromolecules	p. 76
Imaging methods	p. 76
Tip adhesion, molecular damage and displacement	p. 76
Depositing macromolecules onto substrates	p. 77
Metal coated samples	p. 78
Imaging in air	p. 79
Imaging under non aqueous liquids	p. 80
Binding molecules to the substrate	p. 83
Imaging under water or buffers	p. 87
Nucleic acids: DNA	p. 88
Imaging DNA	p. 88
DNA conformation, size and shape	p. 90
DNA-protein interactions	p. 95
Location and mapping of specific sites	p. 99
Chromosomes	p. 101
Nucleic acids: RNA	p. 104
Polysaccharides	p. 105
Imaging polysaccharides	p. 106
Size, shape, structure and conformation	p. 108
Aggregates, networks and gels	p. 113
Cellulose, plant cell walls and starch	p. 118
Proteoglycans	p. 123
Proteins	p. 123
Globular proteins	p. 124
Antibodies	p. 129
Fibrous proteins	p. 132
Interfacial Systems	p. 160
Introduction to interfaces	p. 160
Surface activity	p. 160
AFM of interfacial systems	p. 164
The Langmuir trough	p. 164
Langmuir-Blodgett film transfer	p. 166
Sample preparation	p. 168
Cleaning protocols: glassware and trough	p. 168
Substrates	p. 169
Performing the dip	p. 171
Phospholipids	p. 172
AFM studies	p. 174
Modification of phospholipid bilayers with the AFM	p. 174
Studying intrinsic bilayer properties by AFM	p. 176
Ripple phases in phospholipid bilayers	p. 179
Mixed phospholipid films	p. 182
Effect of supporting layers	p. 185
Dynamic processes of phopholipid layers	p. 187
Liposomes and intact vesicles	p. 190
Lipid-protein mixed films	p. 192
Miscellaneous lipid films	p. 196
Interfacial protein films	p. 197
Specific precautions	p. 197
AFM studies of interfacial protein films	p. 199
Ordered Macromolecules	p. 209
Three dimensional crystals	p. 209
Crystalline cellulose	p. 209
Protein crystals	p. 211
Nucleic acid crystals	p. 214
Viruses and virus crystals	p. 215
Two dimensional protein crystals	p. 217
What does AFM have to offer?	p. 218
Sample preparation: membrane proteins	p. 220
Sample preparation: soluble proteins	p. 220
AFM studies of 2D membrane protein crystals	p. 224
Purple membrane	p. 224
Gap junctions	p. 227
Photosynthetic protein membranes	p. 229
ATPase in kidney membranes	p. 230
OmpF porin	p. 230
Bacterial S layers	p. 232
Bacteriophage [phis]29 head-tail connector	p. 235
Gas vesicle protein	p. 237
AFM studies of 2D crystals of soluble proteins	p. 238
Imaging conditions	p. 240
Electrostatic considerations	p. 242
Cells, Tissue and Biominerals	p. 254
Imaging methods	p. 254
Sample preparation	p. 255
Force mapping and mechanical measurements	p. 257
Microbial cells: bacteria, spores and yeasts	p. 264
Bacteria	p. 264
Yeasts	p. 267
Blood cells	p. 269
Erythrocytes	p. 269
Leukocytes and lymphocytes	p. 271
Platelets	p. 272
Neurons and Glial cells	p. 273
Epithelial cells	p. 275
Non-confluent renal cells	p. 278
Endothelial cells	p. 279
Cardiocytes	p. 281
Other mammalian cells	p. 283
Plant cells	p. 285
Tissue	p. 289
Embedded sections	p. 290
Embedment-free sections	p. 291
Hydrated sections	p. 292
Freeze-fracture replicas	p. 293
Immunolabelling	p. 293
Biominerals	p. 294
Bone, tendon and cartilage	p. 294
Teeth	p. 295
Shells	p. 297
Other Probe Microscopes	p. 311
Overview	p. 311
Scanning tunnelling microscope (STM)	p. 311
Scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM)	p. 314
Scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM)	p. 317
Scanning thermal microscope (SThM)	p. 318
Optical tweezers and the photonic force microscope (PFM)	p. 319
SPM books	p. 323
Index	p. 324
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Atomic Force Microscopy For Biologists

At a Glance

New Edition

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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