| Preface | |
| The Auditory Scene | |
| Historical Difference between Auditory and Visual Perception | |
| The Problem of Scene Analysis | |
| Objects Compared to Streams | |
| The Principle of Exclusive Allocation | |
| Two Comparisons of Scene Analysis in Vision and Audition | |
| Auditory Streaming and Apparent Motion | |
| Gestalt Grouping Explanation | |
| Auditory Streaming versus Apparent Motion | |
| Scene-Analysis Explanation | |
| Closure and Belongingness | |
| Sequential versus Spectral Organization | |
| Perceptual Decomposition of Complex Sounds | |
| Horizontal and Vertical Processes of Organization | |
| Types of Explanation of These Phenomena | |
| Scene-Analysis View Prevents Missing of Vision-Audition Differences | |
| Differences in the Ecology of Vision and Audition | |
| Primitive versus Schema-Based Stream Segregation | |
| Verification Of The Theory | |
| Summary | |
| Sequential Integration | |
| Auditory Stream Segregation | |
| An Experiment with Artificial Words | |
| Previous Knowledge of the Streaming Phenomenon | |
| Early Scientific Observation | |
| Methodology for the Study of Stream Segregation | |
| Rationale for Recycled Sequences | |
| How to Measure Streaming | |
| List of Measures That Have Been Used | |
| Method of Adjustment. | |
| Method of Limits. | |
| Proportion of Time Integrated and Segregated. | |
| Rating Scale for Fixed Presentations. | |
| Pattern Recognition. | |
| Rhythm Changes. | |
| Drawing or Writing Down What You Hear. | |
| Judgment of the Order of Elements in a Repeating Sequence. | |
| Counting Tones. | |
| Factors Influencing Stream Segregation | |
| Frequency Separation and Rate | |
| What Property of Time Intervals Influences Streaming? | |
| What Are The Elements? | |
| How to Define Onsets | |
| Hierarchy of Time Scales with Properties Computed at Each | |
| Spatial Location | |
| Stream Segregation Based on Spatial Location | |
| Switching Signals between the Ears | |
| Spectral Frequency and Fundamental Frequency | |
| Timbre | |
| The Problem of the Definition of Timbre | |
| Nonanalytical Studies of Grouping by Timbre | |
| Brightness and Timbre | |
| Two Kinds of Spectral Constancy | |
| Beyond the Study of Steady-State Tones | |
| What Remains to Be Studied | |
| Timbre Space or Single Properties? Metameric Timbre | |
| Multidimensional Timbre Space | |
| Amplitude Differences | |
| Cumulative Effects Of Repetitions | |
| Explanations of the Cumulation Effect | |
| Continuity | |
| Trajectory-Based Integration | |
| Effects Of Streaming | |
| Focusing on the Stream as a Unit | |
| Computation of Within-Stream Emergent Properties | |
| Temporal Relations | |
| Recognition of Order | |
| Why Effects of Streaming on Order Perception Are Not Always Clear | |
| Other Measures of Temporal Relations | |
| Generation of Within-Stream Rhythms | |
| Perception of Overlap | |
| Effects on Gap Discrimination | |
| Effects on Apparent Rate | |
| Conclusions about the Effects on Temporal Relations | |
| Complete Loss of Across-Stream Information? | |
| Competition among Alternative Organizations | |
| Belongingness | |
| Experimental Data on Competition | |
| Validity of Competition | |
| Limitation of the Principle of Exclusive Allocation | |
| Summary of Effects of Streaming | |
| Stream Segregation and Vision | |
| Similarities with Vision | |
| Interactions with Vision | |
| Theoretical Explanations of Stream Segregation | |
| Scene Analysis and Other Forms of Explanation | |
| Physiological Hypotheses | |
| Functional Explanation | |
| Mechanistic Forms of Explanation | |
| Local Rules | |
| Global Rules | |
| Proximity. | |
| Similarity. | |
| Good Continuation and Completion. | |
| Organization. | |
| Context. | |
| Belongingness. | |
| The Perceptual Field. | |
| Innateness and Automaticity. | |
| Hierarchies in Auditory Organization | |
| Relation to Other Psychological Mechanisms: Attention | |
| Teleological Approach | |
| Formal versus Informal Theorizing | |
| Integration of Simultaneous Auditory Components | |
| A Miniature Scene-Analysis Problem | |
| Factors Influencing Integration of Simultaneous Components | |
| The "Old-Plus-New" Heuristic | |
| Spectral Relations | |
| Properties of the Harmonics | |
| Harmonic Relations (Harmonicity) in Complex Tones | |
| Models of the Pitch-Analysis Process | |
| Theories of Pitch Analysis | |
| Listening to Inharmonic Partials | |
| Fusion and Segregation of Simultaneous Complexes | |
| Common Fate (AM and FM) | |
| FM: Parallel Changes in the Frequency of Partials | |
| Micromodulation | |
| Glides | |
| AM: Common Amplitude Change at Different Spectral Locations | |
| Onset-Offset Asynchrony | |
| Common Periodicity (AM) at Different Spectral Locations | |
| Amplitude Modulation of Subsets of Partials | |
| Comparison of AM and FM Effects | |
| Correlation of Auditory with Visual Changes | |
| Summary of Effects of Common Fate | |
| Spatial Correspondence | |
| Evidence That Ear Comparisons Must Be Frequency Specific | |
| Computer Programs That Use Spatial Correspondence | |
| Interaction with Other Cues in Determining Grouping | |
| Contribution of Perceptual Grouping to Perceived Location | |
| Interaction with Sequential Integration | |
| Interaction with Cues for Spectral Fusion | |
| Conclusion: Classical versus Organizational Cues | |
| Other Factors Affecting Fusion of Simultaneous Components | |
| Comparison between Fusion and Masking | |
| Comodulation Release from Masking | |
| Meaning of These Findings for Biology | |
| Perceptual Results of Simultaneous Integration and Segregation | |
| Examples of Within-Stream Computation of Properties | |
| Within-Stream Temporal Properties | |
| Streaming Rules | |
| Pitch | |
| Timbre | |
| Vowels | |
| Consonance and Dissonance | |
| What Is the Default Condition: Fusion or Decomposition? | |
| Reallocation of Intensity and Timbre Information | |
| The Consequences of Simultaneous/Sequential Competition | |
| Apparent Continuity and Contralateral Induction | |
| The Continuity Illusion | |
| Rules Governing the Generative Process | |
| The "No Discontinuity in A" Rule | |
| The "Sufficiency of Evidence" Rule | |
| The "A1-A2 Grouping" Rule | |
| The "A Is Not B" Rule | |
| The "Old-Plus-New" Heuristic | |
| Examples Examined in the Light of Theory | |
| Continuity of Words and Musical Scales | |
| Integration as the Default Condition in the Auditory System | |
| Duration of the Softer Tone | |
| The "Roll" Effect | |
| Comparison with Vision | |
| Contralateral Induction | |
| Summary | |
| Schema-Based Segregation and Integration | |
| Nature of Primitive and Schema-Based Organization | |
| Properties That May Distinguish the Two Systems | |
| How Do We Know They Should Be Distinguished? | |
| Does Learning Affect Streaming? | |
| Do Regular Patterns Form More Coherent Streams? | |
| Jones' Rhythmic Theory of Attention | |
| Does the Auditory System Track and Project Trajectories? | |
| Evidence That the System Does Not Project Trajectories | |
| Evidence That the System Projects Trajectories | |
| Trajectory-Based Integration of Streams | |
| Order of Unidirectional Sequences Is Easier to Report | |
| Results Explainable by Other Factors | |
| Comparison with Vision | |
| "Is Auditory Attention Inherently Rhythmical?" | |
| Regularity of Rhythm: Does It Promote Segregation? | |
| Evidence That Rhythm Favors Segregation | |
| Segregation Occurs with Temporally Irregular Sequences | |
| "Are Streams Created by Attention?" | |
| Auditory Organization in Music | |
| Musical Scene Analysis | |
| Melody | |
| Coherence of Melodies | |
| Phenomenal Dependency Based on Timing | |
| Effects of Melodic Absorption on Perceived Pitch | |
| Timbre (Cause and Effect) | |
| Timbre as Cause of Segregation | |
| The Description of Timbre | |
| Dimensional Approach to Timbre | |
| Timbre as the Result of Fusion | |
| Vertical Coherence and Counterpoint | |
| Segregation and Masking in Musical Ensembles | |
| Counterpoint | |
| Distinctness of Voices | |
| Spatial Separation | |
| Counterpoint and Dissonance | |
| Physical Causes of Dissonance | |
| How the Control of Roughness Can Be Accomplished | |
| Polyrhythm | |
| Polytonality | |
| Potential Offered by Synthesis Techniques | |
| Automatic Recognition | |
| Summary | |
| Auditory Organization in Speech Perception | |
| Sequential Organization of Speech Sounds | |
| Continuity of the Fundamental | |
| Spectral Continuity | |
| Spatial Continuity | |
| Are These Acoustic Continuities Enough? | |
| Simultaneous Organization | |
| Role of Harmonic Relations and F0 | |
| Two- Voice Research | |
| Split-Formant Research | |
| Harmonics in Nonoverlapping Frequency Ranges | |
| Scene Analysis in the Defining of Formants | |
| Computer Models for Segregation of Two Voices | |
| Common-Fate Cues | |
| Summary of Findings with Nonspeech Sounds | |
| Correlated Frequency Changes | |
| Frequency Modulation of Harmonics | |
| Segregation by Independent Movement of Formant Center Frequency? | |
| Correlated Amplitude Changes | |
| Sequential Capturing (Onset and Offset Asynchrony) | |
| Asynchronous Onsets Can Be Integrated | |
| Spatial Location Cues | |
| Segregation of Formants | |
| The Principle of Exclusive Allocation in Scene Analysis | |
| Claims and Facts about Duplex Perception of Speech | |
| Problems with the Claim that Speech Is Exempt from Scene Analysis | |
| When Is Exclusive Allocation Violated? | |
| Examples Involving Speech | |
| Multiple Allocation of Evidence with Nonspeech Sounds | |
| Music | |
| Violations That Do Not Involve Competition among Major Subsystems | |
| Violations with Pure-Tone Stimuli | |
| DPS Is Not Immune from Low-Level Organizational Factors | |
| Explanations of Violations of Exclusive Allocation | |
| How Unusual Is the Sharing of Evidence? | |
| Role of Schemas | |
| Two-Component Theory: Links and Schemas | |
| Piecewise Verification of the Theory | |
| Summary and Conclusions: What We Do and Do Not Know about Auditory Scene Analysis | |
| Summary of Previous Chapters | |
| Primitive Auditory Scene Analysis | |
| Sequential Integration: Auditory Stream Segregation | |
| Factors Influencing Stream Segregation | |
| Timbre | |
| Summary of Factors Promoting Sequential Grouping | |
| Effects of Stream Segregation | |
| Spectral Integration | |
| Factors Influencing Spectral Integration | |
| The Continuity Illusion and Contralateral Induction | |
| The "no discontinuity in A" rule. | |
| The "sufficiency of evidence" rule. | |
| The "A1-A2 grouping" rule. | |
| The "A is not B" rule. | |
| Schema-Based Stream Segregation | |
| Nature of Primitive and Schema-Based Organization | |
| Tests of the Existence of a Primitive Process | |
| Does Sequential Grouping Take Advantage of Trajectories? | |
| Primitive Auditory Organization in Music | |
| Role of Primitive Organization in Music | |
| Melody | |
| Timbre | |
| Auditory Organization in Speech | |
| Sequential Organization of Speech Sounds | |
| Simultaneous Organization of Speech Sounds | |
| Duplex Perception and the Problem of Exclusive Allocation | |
| Directions for the Future | |
| Practical Applications | |
| Notes | |
| Glossary | |
| Bibliography | |
| Index | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
