Automatic Milking : A Better Understanding

Preface 7; Symposium organization 9; OVERVIEW; Automatic milking: State of the art in Europe and North America 27; Kees de Koning & Jack Rodenburg; SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS; Milk in the news 41; Ulrike Maris & Keith Roe; Socio-economic aspects of automatic milking 46; Erik Mathijs; Motivations of Dutch farmers to invest in an automatic milking system or a conventional milking parlour 56; Henk Hogeveen, Kees Heemskerk & Erik Mathijs; Economic efficiency of automatic milking systems with specific emphasis on increases in milk production 62; K.M. Wade, M.A.P.M. van Asseldonk, P.B.M. Berentsen, W. Ouweltjes & H. Hogeveen; The economic implications of automatic milking: a simulation analysis for Belgium, Denmark, Germany and The Netherlands 68; Erwin Wauters & Erik Mathijs; Energy consumption on farms with an AM-system 75; Kees Bos; Evaluation of the AM-system adopting and using farmers - In case study of Japanese dairy farms - 77; N. Hatakeyama; Expectations of automatic milking and the realized socio-economic effects 78; T. Jensen. FARM AND SYSTEM HYGIENE; Farm hygiene and teat cleaning requirements in automatic milking 83; Karin Knappstein, Nele Roth, Betsie Slaghuis, Reina Ferwerda-van Zonneveld, Hans-Georg Walte & Joachim Reichmuth; The cleaning of automatic milking systems 94; Erik Schuiling; Investigation of different cleaning frequencies in automatic milking systems 101; Christel Benfalk & Mats Gustafsson; Induction of milk ejection during teat cleaning in robotic milking systems 106; Rupert M. Bruckmaier & Heinrich H.D. Meyer; Evaluating cleanliness of udders with an image processing system 111; D.W. Ordolff; Different locations of instant cooling in the automatic milking system and the effect on milk quality 116; Mats Gustafsson & Christel Benfalk; Teat cleaning efficiency before milking in DeLaval VMS[trademark] versus conventional manual cleaning 117; Martin Melin, Hans Wiktorsson & Anders Christiansson; Cleaning effects of teat cleaning in robotic milking systems by use of poppy seed as tracer 118; B.A. Slaghuis, R.T. Ferwerda-van Zonneveld & A. Mooiweer; Cobalt as a tracer for estimation of residues in milk after application of automatic teat cleaning systems 119; B.A. Slaghuis, R.T. Ferwerda-van Zonneveld, M.C. te Giffel & G. Ellen; Assessment of teats cleaning system efficiency of a milking robot 121; F.M. Tangorra, V. Bronzo, A. Casula, M. Cattaneo, C. Martinazzi, P. Moroni, M. Zaninelli & A.G. Cavalchini; ANIMAL HEALTH; Impact of automatic milking on animal health 125; J.E. Hillerton, J. Dearing, J. Dale, J.J. Poelarends, F. Neijenhuis, O.C. Sampimon, J.D.H.M. Miltenburg & C. Fossing. Effects of automatic milking on body condition score and fertility of dairy cows 135; J. Dearing, J.E. Hillerton, J.J Poelarends, F. Neijenhuis, O.C. Sampimon & C. Fossing; Changes in teat condition in Dutch herds converting from conventional to automated milking 141; F. Neijenhuis, K. Bos, O.C. Sampimon, J. Poelarends, J.E. Hillerton, C. Fossing & J. Dearing; Cow factors related to the increase of somatic cell count after introduction of automatic milking. 148; J.J. Poelarends, O.C. Sampimon, F. Neijenhuis, J.D.H.M. Miltenburg, J.E. Hillerton, J. Dearing & C. Fossing; The influence of an automatic milking system on claw health and lameness of dairy cows 155; B. Vosika, D. Lexer, Ch. Stanek, J. Troxler & S. Waiblinger; Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: Effects on teat tissues, intramammary infection risk, and spread of contagious pathogens 161; A. Zecconi, R. Piccinini, G. Casirani, E. Binda & L. Migliorati; Blind quarters in automatic milking systems - causes and consequences 168; Torben Werner Bennedsgaard, Morten Dam Rasmussen & Martin Bjerring; Changes in cow locomotion in uk herds converting from conventional to automated milking 170; J. Dearing & J.E. Hillerton; A study of the effect of lameness on voluntary milking frequency of dairy cows milked automatically 171; Simon Grove, Torben Werner Bennedsgaard, Morten Dam Rasmussen & Carsten Enevoldsen; Influence of an automatic milking system (VMS[registered]) on milk secretory activity of healthy and diseased udder quarters 172; J. Hamann, H. Halm & R. Redetzky; Risk factors for teat end callosity in dairy farms operating with automatic milking systems (AMS) 174; Ilka C. Klaas, M. Bjerring & C. Enevoldsen; Introduction of AMS in Italian herds: udder symmetry, teat thickness and health in an automatic milking system 175; Luciano Migliorati, Federico Calza, Giacomo Pirlo, Giuseppe Casirani & Alfonso Zecconi. Effects of milking interval on teat condition and milking performance with whole-udder take off 177; F. Neijenhuis, J.E. Hillerton, K. Bos, O. Sampimon, J. Poelarends, C. Fossing & J. Dearing; Milk leakage in automatic and conventional milking systems 179; K. Persson Waller, T. Westermark, T. Ekman & K. Svennersten-Sjaunja; Impact of teat dip composition on teat condition and udder health 181; M.D. Rasmussen, L. Foldager & T.C. Hemling; Animal health of herds converting to automatic milking system 182; F. Skjoth, M.D. Rasmussen, L.A.H. Nielsen & K. Krogh; Quarter milk flow patterns in dairy cows: factors involved and repeatability 183; V. Tancin, A.H. Ipema, D. Peskovicova, P.H. Hogewerf, S. Mihina & J. Macuhova; Study on the incidence of ketosis in dairy cows in an automatic milking system versus a conventional milking system 184; Christoph Wenzel & Alexander Nitzschke; ABNORMAL MILK; Detection and separation of abnormal milk in automatic milking systems 189; Morten Dam Rasmussen; Impact of automatic milking on excretion of antibiotic residues 198; Karin Knappstein, Gertraud Suhren & Hans-Georg Walte; Selection of cows for treatment of udder infections in AMS herds 209; Torben Werner Bennedsgaard, Susanne Elvstrom & Morten Dam Rasmussen; Influence of varying milking intervals on milk composition - a physiological approach on secretion of "normal milk" 215; J. Hamann & H. Halm; Cost of discarding milk with automatic separation of abnormal milk 221; Diederik Pietersma & Henk Hogeveen; The use of spectral photometry for detection of mastitis milk 228; Martin Wiedemann & Georg Wendl; An on-line somatic cell count sensor 235; D.S. Whyte, R.G. Orchard, P.S. Cross, T. Frietsch, R.W. Claycomb & G.A. Mein. Seeing red: automated detection of blood in milk 241; D.S. Whyte, R.G. Orchard, P. Cross, A. Wilson, R.W. Claycomb & G.A. Mein; Detection of tissue damages caused by milking machines using conductivity measurement 243; Kerstin Barth; Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: The detection of clinical and subclinical mastitis by AMS systems 245; E. Binda, G. Casirani, R. Piccinini & A. Zecconi; Detection of mastitis and poor milk quality in automatic milking 247; M. Hovinen, A-M. Aisla, P. Anttila & S. Pyorala; Proteolysis of milk protein from uninfected glands and glands infected with Streptococcus uberis 249; Lotte B. Larsen, Morten D. Rasmussen, Martin Bjerring & Jacob H. Nielsen; Composition of milk clots 250; Lotte B. Larsen, Morten D. Rasmussen, Martin Bjerring & Jacob H. Nielsen; A method to detect flakes and clots in milk in automatic milking systems 251; B. Maassen-Francke, M. Wiethoff, O. Suhr, C. Clemens & A. Knoll; Making sense of in-line sensing for milk conductivity 252; G.A. Mein, R.A. Sherlock & R.W. Claycomb; Electrical conductivity of milk as an indicator trait for mastitis 254; Elise Norberg & Inge Riis Korsgaard; The change of milk quality during lactations 256; L. Pongracz & E. Bader; Impedance based sensor for mastitis detection in milk 258; Sonia Ramirez-Garcia, Valerie Favry, Kim Lau, Gillian McMahon & Dermot Diamond; Detection of abnormal udder tissue and milk by near infra-red spectroscopy (cow side) 259; R. Tsenkova, H. Morita, H. Shinzawa & J.E. Hillerton; GRAZING; Automatic milking and grazing 263; Eva Sporndly, Christian Krohn, Hendrik Jan van Dooren & Hans Wiktorsson. Integrating Automatic Milking Installations (AMIs) into Grazing Systems - Lessons from Australia 273; R.K. Greenall, E. Warren & M. Warren; Automatic dairy farming in New Zealand using extensive grazing systems 280; M.W. Woolford, R.W. Claycomb, J. Jago, K. Davis, I. Ohnstad, R. Wieliczko, P.J.A. Copeman & K. Bright; Two case studies on farms combining automatic milking with grazing - time budgets, synchronisation of behaviour and visits to the robot 286; Lene Munksgaard & Mette Sondergaard; The influence of three grazing systems on AMS performance 292; H.J.C. van Dooren, L.F.M. Heutinck, G. Biewenga & J.L. Zonderland; How pasturing influences the use of AMS - A survey among 15 dairy farms in The Netherlands 298; H.J.C. van Dooren, M.E. Haarman, J.H.M. Metz & L.F.M. Heutinck; Seven case studies about automatic milking and grazing in private herds 304; Christian C. Krohn; Combining automatic milking and grazing. Practice in The Netherlands 305; H.J.C. van Dooren, L.F.M. Heutinck & G. Biewenga; Is automatic milking possible with a 100 per cent pasture diet? 307; J. Jago, A. Jackson, K. Davis, R. Wieliczko, P. Copeman, I. Ohnstad, R. Claycomb & M. Woolford; An individual cow-calling system to motivate cows to return from the pasture to the milking unit 308; Ewa Wredle, Lene Munksgaard & Eva Sporndly; MILK QUALITY; Milk quality on farms with an automatic milking system 311; Kees de Koning, Betsie Slaghuis & Yvonne van der Vorst; Quarter milking - a possibility for detection of udder quarters with elevated SCC 321; I. Berglund, G. Pettersson, K. Ostensson & K. Svennersten-Sjaunja; Pattern of somatic cell count in milk under automatic milking conditions (VMS) and interactions with milk constituents 329; J. Hamann. Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: Effects on cow performances and milk quality in a herd of the Grana Padano area 335; G. Pirlo, G. Bertoni & R. Giangiacomo; Robotic milking and free fatty acids 341; B.A. Slaghuis, K. Bos, O. de Jong, A.J. Tudos, M.C. te Giffel & K. de Koning; Impact of size distribution of milk fat globules on milk quality affected by pumping 348; Lars Wiking, Lennart Bjorck & Jacob H. Nielsen; Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: Preliminary observations on milk fat parameters for long ripening cheese production with primiparous dairy cows 357; F. Abeni, L. Degano & F. Calza; Towards specification in-line monitoring primary milk production 359; P.C.F. Borsboom & J. Dommerholt; Comparison of several methods for quantification of free fatty acid in bovine milk 361; T.K. Dalsgaard, & J.H. Nielsen; Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: A new system for the evaluation of milk fat globule size as affected by automatic milking 362; L. Degano, G. Contarini, O. Formichi, D. Ravera & R. Giangiacomo; Milking with robots: the Swedish experience 363; Torkel Ekman, Charlotte Hallen Sandgren, Mats Gyllensvard, Inger Andersson & Bengt Everitt; Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: Long ripened cheese production from robotic milking 364; R. Giangiacomo, T.M.P. Cattaneo, G. Contarini, F. Abeni & G. Colzani; Effects of an automatic milking system (VMS[registered]) on free fatty acids (FFA) in different milk fractions 365; J. Hamann, F. Reinecke, H. Stahlhut-Klipp & N.Th. Grabowski; Survey of milk quality on United States dairy farms utilizing automatic milking systems 367; Jason M. Helgren & Douglas J. Reinemann; Milk iodine residues: AMS versus conventional 368; M. McKinzie, I. Laquiere, T.C. Hemling & S. DeVliegher. WELFARE; Implications of automatic milking on animal welfare 371; Hans Wiktorsson & Jan Tind Sorensen; A welfare assessment report as a decision support tool in an AMS herd: Practical experiences 382; Jens Hindhede, Tine Rousing, Ilka Klaas & Jan Tind Sorensen; Relationships between time budgets, cortisol metabolite concentrations and dominance values of cows milked in a robotic system and a herringbone parlour 389; D. Lexer, K. Hagen, R. Palme, J. Troxler & S. Waiblinger; Assessment of welfare of dairy cows milked in different automatic milking systems (AMS) 394; I. Neuffer, R. Hauser, L. Gygax, C. Kaufmann & B. Wechsler; Assessment of animal welfare in an AMS herd: Expert evaluation of a decision support system 400; Tine Rousing, Jens Hindhede, Ilka Christine Klaas, Marianne Bonde & Jan Tind Sorensen; Automatic milking and grazing in dairy cattle: effects on behaviour 407; L.F.M. Heutinck, H.J.C. van Dooren & G. Biewenga; Introduction of AMS in Italian dairy herds: Welfare assessment based on metabolic and endocrine responses in primiparous dairy cows 414; F. Abeni, L. Calamari, M. Speroni & G. Bertoni; Indicators of stress in Simmental and Brown Swiss cows during milking in a robotic system compared to a herringbone parlour 416; K. Hagen, D. Lexer, R. Palme, J. Troxler & S. Waiblinger; Effects on feed intake, milking frequency and milk yield of dairy cows of semi-forced or free cow traffic in AMS 417; D.J. Haverkamp, G. Pettersson & H. Wiktorsson; Behavior of high- and low-ranked dairy cows after redirection in selection gates in an automatic milking system 418; G.G.N. Hermans, M. Melin, G. Pettersson & H. Wiktorsson; Image analysis for monitoring unrest or discomfort of cows during milking 420; A.H. Ipema, L. de Haan, J. Hemming & W.G.P. Schouten. Clinical examinations in welfare assessment in herds operating with an automatic milking system (AMS) 422; I.C. Klaas, C. Fossing, M.K. Bonde & J. Hindhede; Measuring welfare in dairy cows - behavioural aspects 423; Jan Olofsson; Improved animal welfare in AMS? 425; Jan Olofsson & Kerstin Svennersten-Sjaunja; Measuring welfare in dairy cows - health aspects 427; K. Persson Waller & J. Olofsson; Introduction of AMS in Italian herds: effects on animal behaviour 429; Marisanna Speroni, Susanna Lolli & Giacomo Pirlo; FARM AND HERD MANAGEMENT; Demands and opportunities for operational management support 433; Wijbrand Ouweltjes & Kees de Koning; Udder cistern evaluation to help the decision making process of assigning the appropriate milking frequency in automatically milked cows 444; M. Ayadi, I. Llach, G. Caja, I. Busto, A. Bach & X. Carre; Effects of milking machine parameters on the mean milk flow rate in a robotic milking system 450; A.H. Ipema & P.H. Hogewerf; Considerations at establishment of automatic milking systems in existing herd facilities 457; Troels Kristensen & Egon Noe; Integration of cow activity in individual management systems: Analysis of individual feeding patterns in automatic milking systems 463; Martin Melin & Hans Wiktorsson; Illumination or guiding light during night hours in the resting area of AM-barns 468; Gunnar Pettersson & Hans Wiktorsson; System capacity of single box AMS and effect on the milk performance 474; Rudolf Artmann. Udder stimulation without milking decreases milk production at the following milking but has no further consequences on milk production 476; A. Bach, I. Busto & X. Carre; The impact of milking interval regularity on milk production 478; A. Bach, I. Busto & X. Carre; Change of udder conformation traits by lactations in a Holstein Friesian herd 480; E. Bader, I. Gyorkos, P. Bader, M. Porvay, E. Kerteszne Gyorffy A. Kovacs & L. Pongracz; Managing the change to automatic milking 482; J.R. Baines; Transfer of data from management systems to central databases 483; M. Bjerring, T. Lind, F. Skjoth & M.D. Rasmussen; Effects of milking frequency and lactation stage on milk yield and milk composition of test day records in robotic milking 484; I. Llach, A. Bosch, M. Ayadi, G. Caja, M. Xifra & X. Carre; Introduction of AMS in Italian herds: Integration and performances in a conventional barn of North Italy 486; M. Capelletti, C. Bisaglia & G. Pirlo; Working time studies in farms with conventional and automatic milking 488; Mats Gustafsson; Managing an automatic milking farm: Minimizing the amount of concentrates in the robot 489; Ilan Halachmi; Influence of incomplete milkings on milk yield under automatic milking conditions (VMS[registered]) 490; J. Hamann, H. Halm, R. Redetzky & N.Th. Grabowski; Influence of cow traffic on milking and animal behaviour in a robotic milking system 492; Jan Harms & Georg Wendl; Effect of a simplification in the entrance and exit procedure for a multiple stall robotic milking system on the cow's time budget for milking 494; A.H. Ipema & P.H. Hogewerf. The difference between the setting and the actual milking time in an automatic milking system 496; A. Kageyama, S. Morita, A. Murakami, H. Kawakami, M. Komiya, S. Hoshiba & M. Tokida; The effects of diet composition and feeding system on cow activity and voluntary milking in an AMS 497; Arie Klop & Kees Bos; Optimization of feed speed in automatic milking system 498; Michio Komiya, Shigeru Morita, Katsumi Kawakami & Mamoru Yokoyama; Analysis of teat cup attachment under practical conditions 500; H. Luther, E. Stamer, W. Junge & E. Kalm; Diurnal changes of oxytocin release during automatic milking 502; Juliana Macuhova & Rupert M. Bruckmaier; Eating and resting behavior of cows in bedded pack type loose housing with an automatic milking system 503; S. Morita, A. Kageyama, A. Murakami, H. Kawakami, M. Komiya & S. Hoshiba; Automatic milking systems - System performance and working time 504; Christoph Moriz; Electricity and water consumption by milking 506; Jan Brogger Rasmussen & Jorgen Pedersen; Survey of automatic milking systems management practices in North America 508; Douglas J. Reinemann, Yvonne van der Vorst, Wilco de Jong & Albrecht Finnema; A protocol for training a dairy herd for automatic milking 509; Jack Rodenburg; Effect of the composition of concentrate fed in the milking box, on milking frequency and voluntary attendance in automatic milking systems 511; Jack Rodenburg, Erik Focker & Karen Hand; The effect of housing on implementation of automatic milking in Israel 513; Ezra Shoshani & Ephraim Ezra; The effect of milking interval on milk yield and milk composition 515; K. Svennersten-Sjaunja, I. Andersson & H. Wiktorsson; A study of practical use of automatic milking system in Japan 516; M. Tokida, S. Morita, M. Komiya & T. Kida. Strategies to improve the capacity of an automatic milking system 517; H.J.C. van Dooren, C.H. Bos & G. Biewenga; The changeover from conventional to automatic milking in dairy cows with and without previous experience 518; Daniel Weiss, Erich Mostl & Rupert M. Bruckmaier; AUTHORS INDEX 523; SPONSORS 529.