| Preface | p. v |
| Introduction: Does Islamic Law Exist? | p. 1 |
| Where is the Islamic law? | p. 4 |
| The methods for studying Islamic law | p. 12 |
| The Theory of the Law | |
| From Practice to Method | p. 20 |
| Law or tradition | p. 21 |
| Al-Shafi'i | p. 27 |
| The Koran and Sunna as Sources | p. 31 |
| Four sources or three levels | p. 31 |
| The Koran | p. 32 |
| Hadith | p. 38 |
| Contradictions between Koran and hadith | p. 47 |
| Elaborating the Sources: Qiyas and Ijtihad | p. 53 |
| Ijtihad | p. 53 |
| Qiyas | p. 54 |
| 'Illa | p. 58 |
| How did the qiyas methodology arise? | p. 64 |
| Istihsan: to ignore a qiyas rule | p. 65 |
| The 'illa and hukm become the rule | p. 70 |
| Getting Social Sanction: Ijma' and Authorization | p. 73 |
| Ijma' | p. 74 |
| How is ijma' established? | p. 78 |
| Ijma' and the revealed Texts | p. 85 |
| Shafi'i's model | p. 87 |
| The Application of the Law | |
| The Four Schools of Law | p. 89 |
| Putting the law in writing | p. 89 |
| The schools | p. 94 |
| Four consensuses | p. 104 |
| What the dates mean | p. 110 |
| Law Beyond the Four Schools | p. 114 |
| 'Proto-Sunni' currents | p. 114 |
| Ibadism | p. 120 |
| Shi'ism | p. 121 |
| The principles of Shi'i law | p. 129 |
| The Court and the Law: the Muftis and Legal Development | p. 140 |
| Fatwas | p. 141 |
| The mufti, the state and the courts | p. 143 |
| The process of ifta' | p. 147 |
| From ijtihad to fatwa | p. 151 |
| Taqlid and the rules of the school | p. 156 |
| Manuals and supplementary works | p. 161 |
| Other sources for legal practice | p. 165 |
| The Court and its Judge: the Role of the Qadi | p. 168 |
| Competence and organization | p. 170 |
| Standard procedure | p. 173 |
| Practices of the court | p. 180 |
| The History of the Law | |
| The Court and the State | p. 185 |
| Non-Shari'a courts: Mazalim and shurta | p. 189 |
| Hisba and the muhtasib | p. 195 |
| Shari'a and siyasa courts | p. 198 |
| Law and Courts in the Ottoman Empire | p. 206 |
| Kanun and Shari'a | p. 207 |
| The qadis | p. 209 |
| The muftis and the seyhul-islam | p. 212 |
| Ottoman law in the provinces: Tunisia | p. 217 |
| Islamic Law in the Modern Period | p. 222 |
| Changes after 1800 | p. 222 |
| From kanun to national laws | p. 228 |
| Reforms in the Ottoman empire | p. 229 |
| Egypt | p. 231 |
| Algeria | p. 242 |
| Africa: Islamic law in British colonies | p. 246 |
| Traditional states in a modern world | p. 250 |
| Implementing the Shari'a' | p. 254 |
| Islamism | p. 257 |
| Shari'a in practice today: Saudi Arabia | p. 264 |
| Iran | p. 269 |
| Sudan | p. 273 |
| Shari'a through siyasa | p. 278 |
| Some Areas of the Law | |
| Criminal Law | p. 280 |
| The field of the law | p. 280 |
| Hudud | p. 282 |
| Murder and blood money | p. 287 |
| Apostasy | p. 291 |
| Methods of punishment | p. 296 |
| Family Law | p. 299 |
| Marriage | p. 300 |
| Divorce | p. 309 |
| Children | p. 316 |
| Inheritance | p. 318 |
| Modern adaptations | p. 321 |
| Economy, taxes and property | p. 326 |
| Islamic banking | p. 328 |
| Taxes | p. 332 |
| Waqf | p. 339 |
| Conclusion | p. 345 |
| Glossary | p. 349 |
| Bibliography | p. 363 |
| Index | p. 381 |
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