Biofueled Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

Chapter 1 Introduction to Biofuels 1.1 Overview of Fossil fuels 1.2 Scenario of Demand-Supply of fossil fuels 1.3 Role of Internal combustion engines for mass and passenger transportation 1.4 Applications of Internal Combustion Engines in decentralized power generation sectors 1.5 Off-road applications 1.6 Emission load in urban cities 1.7 Need of Bioenergy / Biofuels 1.8 Potential of Biofuel resources 1.9 Biofuels: First generation, Second generation and Third generation 1.10 Impact of Bioenergy on Ecosystem 1.11 Impact of Bioenergy on Environment 1.12 Comparison of Bioenergy with other renewable energy sources 1.13 First and second generation biofuels 1.14 Biofuel: Carbon Neutral Fuel 1.15 Biofuel Policy Solved Numerical Problems Summary References Chapter 2 Production of Bio-fuels 2.1 Definition of Biomass and Biofuel 2.2 Raw Biomass as Energy Source and its Limitation as Fuel 2.3 Classification of Biomass 2.4 Resources for Production of Bio-methanol 2.5 Bio methanol 2.6 Ethanol 2.7 Butanol 2.8 Higher Alcohol Fuels 2.9 Bio-methane/Biogas 2.10 Bio-Hydrogen 2.11 Biodiesel 2.12 Fisher-Tropsch Diesel 2.13 Di-Methyl Ether Summary References Chapter 3 Bio-fuel Quality for Combustion Engines 3.1 Properties of Gasoline fuel and their Definition 3.2 Properties of Diesel Fuel and their Definition 3.3 Bio-fuels for Spark Ignition Engines 3.4 Bio-fuels for Compression Ignition Engines 3.5 Methanol 3.6 Ethanol 3.7 Butanol 3.8 Biogas and Enriched Biogas 3.9 Hydrogen 3.10 Biodiesel 3.11 Fisher-Tropsch Diesel 3.12 Dimethyl Ether Summary References Chapter 4 Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines 4.1 Introduction 4.2 First Law of Thermodynamics 4.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics 4.4 Otto Cycle 4.5 Constant Pressure Cycle (Diesel Cycle) 4.6 Dual Cycle 4.7 Two and Four Stroke Internal Combustion Engine 4.8 Classification of Internal Combustion Engines 4.9 General Specification of Internal Combustion Engines 4.10 Automotive Vehicles 4.11 Power Genset Engines with Alternator 4.12 Comparison of internal combustion engines with Gas Turbine and Steam Turbine Engines 4.13 Selection of heat engines for industrial applications 4.14 Comparison between spark ignition engines and compression ignition engines 4.15 NOx emission reduction techniques 4.16 Particulate Matter (PM) Emission Reduction Techniques Solved Numerical Problems Summary References Chapter 5 Basic Processes of Internal Combustion Engines 5.1 Spark Ignition Engines 5.2 Compression Ignition Engines 5.3 Analysis of IC Engine process using model and simulation Summary References Chapter 6 Utilization of Bio-fuels in Spark Ignition Engines 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Liquid Bio-fuels 6.3 Utilization of Methanol in Spark ignition engines 6.4 Utilization of Ethanol in Spark ignition engines 6.5 Utilization of Butanol in Spark ignition engines 6.6 Utilization of Raw Biogas in Spark Ignition Engines 6.7 Utilization of Enriched Biogas in Spark Ignition Engines 6.8 Utilization of Hydrogen in Spark Ignition Engines Solved Numerical problems Summary References Chapter 7 Utilization of Bio-fuels in Compression Ignition Engines 7.1 General Working Principle of Compression Ignition Engines 7.2 Emissions 7.3 Utilization of Bio-diesel in Compression Ignition Engines 7.4 Utilization of Fisher-Tropsch Diesel in Compression Ignition Engines 7.5 Utilization of Dimethyl Ether in Compression Ignition Engines Summary Solved Numerical Problems References Chapter 8 Bio-fuelled reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engine 8.1 Introduction to Heterogeneous Charge, Pre-mixed charge, Homogenous Charge and Reactivity Charge 8.2 Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) 8.3 Case Study: (Fuel: Diesel/CNG/HCNG), (Engine mode: Dual fuel RCCI) Solved Numerical Problems Summary References Chapter 9 Effect of Bio-fuels on Greenhouse Gases 9.1 Introduction to Greenhouse Gases 9.2 Greenhouse effect by GHG gases in the Atmosphere 9.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines 9.4 Whether Bio-fuels are Carbon Neutral Fuel or Not? 9.5 Carbon dioxide (CO2) Emission from Internal Combustion Engines 9.6 Effect of gaseous fuels (CNG/Hydrogen) on CO2 in a Dual Fuel Diesel Engine (CNG-Diesel, Hydrogen-Diesel) 9.7 Effect of carbon content in fuel on CO2 emission 9.8 Effect of energy efficiency on CO2 emission 9.9 Methane (CH4) emission from internal combustion engines 9.10 Nitrous Oxide (N2O) emission form internal combustion engines Solved Numerical Problems Unsolved Problems Summary References Chapter 10 Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Reference Index