A Abrasion and Abrasion Index (see Wear) Absolute or Dynamic Viscosity (mu) (see Viscosity in Fluid Characteristics) Acid Cleaning (see Commissioning) Acid Rain (also see Air Pollution Emissions and Controls and Gas Cleaning) Acid Sludge (see Refuse Fuels from Refinery in Liquid Fuels) Acid Smuts (see Oil Ash) Acoustic Soot Blowers (see Sonic Horns) Acoustic Enclosure (see Noise Control) Acoustic Leak Detection System Adiabatic Flame Temperature (see Combustion) Aeroderivative (see Types of GTs in Turbines, Gas) Ageing of Boiler Components Agro-Fuels and Firing Air Ducts (see Draught Plant) Air Flow Measurement (see Instruments for Measurement) Airheater (see also Backend Equipment in Heating Surfaces) Air Infiltration or Air Ingress in Boiler Setting (see Combustion) Air Nozzles (in FBC Boilers) (see Fluidised Bed Combustion) Air Pollution (see also Acid Rain, Emissions and Controls Gas Cleaning and Green House Gases) Air Registers (see Burners) Alkali Boil Out (see Commissioning) Allowable Stresses (see Pressure Part Design) Alloy Steels (see Metals) All Volatile Treatment (see Water) Alternate Fuel (see Fuel Firing Modes in Fuels) Altitude Ambient Conditions Angle of Repose (see Properties of Substances) Amines (see Water) Anthracite Anti-Segregation Chute (see Grates) API Gravity (see Liquid fuels) Approach Temperature (see also (1) Steaming and Non-Steaming Economiser in conomiser Classification and (2) Thermal and Mechanical Design Aspects of HRSG) Arch-Fired Boilers (see Downshot or Arch-Fired Boilers in Utility Boilers) Arch Firing (see Arch Mounted/Downshot/Vertical Burners in Pulverised Fuel Burners) Ash (see also Coal Ash and Oil Ash) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (see Boiler Codes) Ash Recirculation or Recycling or Re-Injection Asphalt (see Liquid Fuels) Assisted Circulation or Full Load Recirculation (see Circulation) Atmospheric Fluidised Bed Combustion Atomisation Atomiser Atrita Mills (see Horizontal Mills under Pulverisers) Attemperator and Desuperheater (see also Control Valves in Valves) Austenitic Steels (see Stainless Steels in Metals) Automatic Combustion Control (see Control Range and Boiler Control) Auxiliaries Auxiliary Fuel (see Fuel Firing Modes in Fuels) Axial Fan (also see Fans) B Bag Filter/Cloth Filter/Fabric Filter (see Dust Collection Equipment) Bagasse and Firing (see Agro-Fuels) Bagasse-Fired Boilers (see also Bagasse in Agro-Fuels and Grates) Ball and Racer Mill (see Pulverisers) Ball and Tube Mill (see Pulverisers) Ballast or Burden in Fuel (see Proximate Analysis in Coal) Banking of Boiler (see Operation and Maintenance Topics) Bark (see Agro-Fuels) Basalt Base-Acid Ratio in Coal Ash (see Ash) Base Fuel (see Fuel Firing Modes) Beater Wheel Mills (see Lignite) Belt Feeders in Pulverised Firing (see Fuel Feeders) Benson Boiler (see Once-Through Boiler) Bernoulli's Equation (see Fluid Flow) Bi-Colour Gauges (see Direct Water Level Indicators) Bi-Drum Boilers (see Industrial Boilers) 0-Fuels (see Agro-Fuels) Biomass Bi-Metal Tubes (see Boiler Tubes under Materials of Construction) Birmingham Wire Gauge (BWG) (see Wire Gauge) Bitumen (see Liquid Fuels) Bituminous Coal Bituminous Sands (see Liquid Fuels) Black Liquor (see Recovery Boiler and Kraft Process) Black Liquor Recovery Boiler (see Recovery Boiler) Black Body (see Heat Transfer) Blast Furnace Gas (see Gaseous Fuels) Blast Furnace Gas-Fired Boilers (see Waste Heat Boilers) Blowdown (also see Boiler Blowdown in Water and Safety Valves under Valves) Blowdown Tanks (also see Boiler Blowdown under the Topic of Water) Blowdown Steam Recovery Blowing, Steam Line (see Commissioning) Blow Off (also see Blowdown Tanks and see Boiler Blowdown under the Topic of Water) Boil Out (see Commissioning) Boiler (or Steam Generator) (see also Boiler Classification) Boiler Bank or Convection Bank or Evaporator Bank (see Heating Surfaces) Boiler Bank Tubes (see Pressure Parts) Boiler Blowdown, Continuous and Intermittent (see Water) Boiler Classification Boiler Codes Boiler Control Boiler Evaporation (see Boiler Steam Flow) Boiler Heat Duty Boiler Horsepower Boiler Island Boiler Layup (see Operation and Maintenance Topics) Boiler Mountings and Fittings (see Auxiliaries) Boiler Operating Modes Boiler Preservation (see Operation and Maintenance Topics) Boiler Pressures Boiler Quality Plates (see Materials of Construction) Boiler Rating (see also Boiler Steam Flow) Boiler Scope Boiler Specifications (see Boiler Steaming Conditions) Boiler Start up (see Commissioning) Boiler Steam Flow Boiler Steaming Conditions/Parameters Boiler Steam Temperatures Boiler Storage (see Operation and Maintenance Topics) Boiler Supporting (see Structure) Boiler Tubes (see Materials of Construction) Boiler Types (see Boiler Classification) Boiling (see Properties of Steam and Water) Bomb Calorimeter (see Measurement of Fuel cv by Bomb Calorimeter under Instruments and Measurements) Bottom Ash (see Ash: Bottom and Fly) Bottom-Supported Boiler (see Structure) Bourdon Gauge (see Pressure Measurement under Instruments and Measurements) Brayton Cycle or Joule Cycle (see Thermodynamic Cycles) Breechings (see Flues and Ducts in Draught Plant) BRIL (see also Refractory, Insulation and Lagging) Brinnel Hardness Test (see Testing of Materials [Metals]) Brittleness (see Metal Properties) Brown Coal (see Lignite) Bubble Flow (see Flow of Liquids) Bubbling Fluidised-Bed Combustion (see also Fluidisation, Fluidised-Bed Combustion and Circulating Fluidised-Bed Combustion) Bubbling Fluidised-Bed Combustion Boilers Buckstays (see Furnace Pressure in Heating Surfaces) Burden in Fuel (see Ballast in Proximate Analysis in Coal) Burners (see 1. Oil and Gas Burners, 2. Pulverised Fuel Burners, 3. Lignite and Brown Coal Firing and 4. Low NOx Burners) Burner Management System (see Operation and Maintenance Topics) Bypass Stack (see Draught Plant) C Calcination Reaction (see Desulphurisation) Calorific Value of Fuels (see Thermodynamic Properties) Calorimeter (see Steam Quality Measurement under Instruments and Measurements) Calorising Capillarity or Capillary Action (see Fluid Properties under Fluid Characteristics) Carbon Monoxide (see Air Pollution) Carbon Monoxide Fuel Gas (see Gaseous Fuels) Carbon Residue (see Fuel Properties under Liquid Fuels) Carbon Steels (see Metals) Carbon Sequestration and Storage Carnot Cycle (see Thermodynamic Cycles) Carry over (see Steam Purity) Cast Iron (see Metals) Castings (see Metals) Caustic Embrittlement or Caustic Stress Corrosion (see Water) Cavitation (also see Control Valves under Valves) Ceramic Fibre Lining (see Insulating Materials) Chang Cycle or Steam Injected Gas Turbine Cycle (see GT Performance under Turbines, Gas) Char or Fixed Carbon (see Coal Analyses under Coal) Charpy Test (see Impact Testing of Metals [Charpy and Izod] under Testing of Materials) Chemical Dosing of Boilers (see Water Treatment) Chemical Cleaning of Boilers (see Commissioning) Chimney (see Stack) Chimney Effect (see Stack Effect) Choked Flow Condition (see Flow Types in Vertical and Horizontal Tubes) Chordal Thermocouple (see Temperature Measurement under Instruments for Measurements) Chromising (see Boiler Tubes in Materials of Construction) Circulating Fluidised-Bed Combustion (also see Fluidisation, Fluidised-Bed Combustion and Bubbling Fluidised-Bed Combustion) Circulating Fluidised-Bed Combustion Boilers (also see Utility Circulating Fluidised-Bed Combustion Boilers) Circofluid or Cold Circulating Fluidised-Bed Combustion System (also see Fluidised-Bed Combustion, Circulating) Circulation Clad Tubes (see Boiler Tubes under Materials of Construction) Cladding (see Lagging) Clean Coal Combustion Clinker (see Ash) Cloth Filter (see Dust Collection Equipment) Coal Coal Ash (see Ash, Oil Ash) Coal Bed Methane Coal Bed Methane (see Gaseous Fuels) Coal Pipes (see Pulverised Fuel Piping) Coal Tar (see Liquid Fuels) Co-Firing/Co-Combustion Carbon Monoxide Gas (see Gaseous Fuels) Carbon Monoxide Boilers (see Waste Heat Boilers) Cogen Cycle (see Thermodynamic Cycles) Coke Coke Breeze Coke Oven Gas (see Gaseous Fuels) Coke Oven Gas-Fired Boilers (see Waste Heat Recovery Boilers) Coking Coal (see Coal) Cold Drawn Seamless Cold Drawn Seamless (CDS) Tubes (see Materials of Construction) Combination (Combo) Boilers (see Hybrid Boilers in Smoke Tube Boilers) Combined Cycle (see Thermodynamic Cycles) Combined Cycle Power Plant or Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Combined Heat Transfer (see Heat Transfer) Combustion Combustion Turbines (see Gas Turbines) Combustor (in Fluidised-Bed Boilers) (see Circulating Fluidised-Bed Combustion) Commissioning of Boilers Compensators (see Expansion Joints under Draught Plant) Composite Tubes (see Boiler Tubes under Materials of Construction) Compressibility (see Fluid Properties under Fluid Characteristics) Compressible Fluid (see Types of Fluid under Fluid Characteristics) Condensate (see Water Types in Water) Conduction (see Heat Transfer) Conductivity (for Total Dissolved Solids in Measurement Steam and Water) Contact Corrosion of Steel Materials (see Corrosion) Continuous Blowdown (see Boiler Blowdown in Water) Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (see Acid Rain) Control Range (see also Boiler Control) Convection (see Heat Transfer) Convection Bank (see Heating Surfaces) Convective Superheater (see Superheater Classification in Heating Surfaces) Corner Firing (see Pulverised Fuel Burner Arrangement) Corrosion (see also Ash Corrosion) COR-TEN Steel Counter Flow of Fluids (see Fluid Flow Patterns in Fluid Flow) Cracking (of Petroleum) (also see Crude Oil or Petroleum in Major Liquid Fuels under Liquid Fuels) Creep (see Metal Properties) Crevice Corrosion (see in Corrosion) Critical Flow and Pressure (for Nozzles) Critical Pressure Point of Steam and Water (also see Properties of Steam and Water) Critical Pressure (see Critical Pressure Point of Steam and Water) Critical Temperature (see Critical Pressure Point of Steam and Water) Critical Heat Flux (see Boiling under Properties of Steam and Water) Cross Flow of Fluids (see Fluid Flow Patterns in Fluid Flow) Crude Oil (see Liquid Fuels) Cycle Efficiency (also see Thermodynamic Cycles) Cycling Mode of Operation (see Boiler-Operating Modes) Cyclone Furnace and Firing Cyclones, Hot and Cold (also see Circulating Fluidised-Bed Combustion) Cyclone Separators Cyclone Steam Separators (see Drum Internals) D Dampers (see Draught Plant) Darcy-Weisbach Formula (see Fluid Flow) Deaeration/Deaerator (see Water) Dealkalisation (see Water) Deflection Baffles in Steam Drum (see Drum Internals) Degrees Engler (see Liquid Fuels and Instruments for Measurement) Deionisation (see Demineralisation of Water in Water) Demineralisation (see Water) Denitrification or DeNOx (see NOx Reduction) Density of Air and Gas (see Properties of Air and Flue Gas) Density of Solids (see Bulk and True Densities of Solids in Properties of Substances) Density (rho) of Steam and Water (see Properties of Steam and Water) Deoxidation of Steels (see Metallurgy) Departure from Nucleate of Boiling (see Properties of Steam and Water) Design Pressure of Boiler (see Boiler Pressure) Desulphurisation or DeSOx Reaction Desuperheater (see Attemperator) Deslaggers (see Wall Blowers in Sootblowers) Dew Point Corrosion (see Ash Corrosion) Dew Point or Dew Point Temperature (Tdp) Diameter, Equivalent (de) and Hydraulic (dh) Dimensionless Numbers in Heat Transfer (see Heat Transfer) Direct Water Level Indicators (see also Water Level Indicators and Remote Water Level Indicators) Dissociation of Flue Gas (see Combustion) Distillation (also see Major Liquid Fuels: Crude Oil or Petroleum) Distributed Control Systems Division Wall (in Furnace) (see Pressure Parts) Dosing of Chemicals (see Water Treatment) Downcomers or Supplies (see Pressure Parts) Down Shot Burners (see PF Burners) Down Shot-Fired Boilers (see Utility Boilers) Drain Piping (see Integral Piping in Pressure Parts) Draught (see also Furnace Draught under Fans) Draught Plant Drums (see Pressure Parts) Drum Anchoring (see Drum Supporting) Drum Internals (also see Steam Purification) Drum Pressure (see Boiler Pressures) Drum Slings Drum Supporting Method Drum Water Treatment (see Water) Dry Air (see Combustion Calculations in Combustion) Dry Bulb Temperature Tdb (see Psychrometric Chart) Dry Wall Flow or Film Boiling (see Flow Types in Vertical and Horizontal Tubes) D-type Boilers (see Package Boilers in Oil and Gas Fired Boilers) Ductility (see Metal Properties) Dulong Formula (see Coal Calorific Value under Coal) Dust Collection Equipment Dynamic Classifier (see Vertical Mills in Pulverisers) E Economiser (see also Backend Equipment in Heating Surfaces and Pressure Parts) Effective Projected Radiant Surface (see Furnace in Heating Surfaces) Efficiency (eta) of Boiler Efficiency, Ligament Elasticity (of Fluids) (see Fluid Properties under Fluid Characteristics) Electro-Filters (see Electrostatic Precipitators under Dust Collection Equipments) Emissivity (see Radiation Heat in Heat Transfer) Energy (E) (see Thermodynamic Properties) Electromatic Safety Valve (see Safety Valves under Valves) Electronic Water Level Indicators (see Remote Water Level Indicators) Electrostatic Precipitators (see Dust Collection Equipment) Emissions and Control (also see Acid Rain) Endurance Limit or Fatigue Strength (see Metal Properties) Energy (E) (see Thermodynamic Properties) Engler, Degrees for Fuel Oils (see Fuel Properties in Liquid Fuels) Enthalpy (H) (see Thermodynamic Properties) Entropy (s or ) (see Thermodynamic Properties) Enthalpy-Entropy Diagram (H-s Diagram) (see Entropy in Thermodynamic Properties) Equivalent Diameter (De) (see Diameter, Equivalent) Erosion (see Wear) Electrically Resistance Welded Tubes (see Boiler Tubes) Evaporation of Boiler (see Boiler Rating and Boiler Steam Low) Evaporation of Water (see Properties of Steam and Water) Evaporator Bank (see Heating Surfaces) Evaporator (Pulp) (see Kraft Pulping Process) Excess Air (see Combustion) Expanded Drums (see Steam Drum in Pressure Parts) Expansion Joints (see Draught Plant) Extended Surfaces Explosion in Boiler (see Operation and Maintenance Topics) F Fabric Filter (see Dust Collection Equipment) Fanning's Friction Factor (see Moody's Factor) Fans Fatigue Strength or Endurance Limit (see Metal Properties) Feeders (see Fuel Feeders) Feed Water (see Water) Feed Water Temperature (see Boiler Steam Temperatures) Ferritic Steels (see Metals) Ferritic Austenitic Steels (see Metals) Fibre Glass (see Insulating Materials) Field-Erected Boilers (see also Field-Erected Boilers in Oil- and Gas-Fired Boiler) Filling of Boiler (see Operation and Maintenance Topics) Film Boiling (see Properties of Steam and Water) Fins (see Extended Surfaces) Finned Tubes (for Hrsgs) (see Heat Recovery Steam Generators) Fire Bricks (see Refractories) Fire Clay Refractories (see Refractories) Fire Tube Boiler (see Smoke Tube Boilers) Fittings (for Boilers) (see Auxiliaries) Fixed Carbon (see Coal) Flame Monitors/Scanners Flame Supervisor Safety System (see Operation and Maintenance Topics) Flash Point (see Liquid Fuels) Flow Measurement Flow Types in Vertical and Horizontal Tubes Flow Nozzle (see Steam Flow Measurement in Instruments) Flue Tube Boilers (also Fire/Smoke Tube/Shell Type Boilers) (see Smoke Tube Boilers) Flue Gas (see Properties of Air and Flue Gas) Flues and Ducts (see Draught Plant) Flue Tube Boilers (see Smoke Tube Boilers) Flue Gas Desulphurisation (see Desulphurisation) Flue Gas Recirculation or Recycling (see Gas Recirculation) Fluid Characteristics Fluid Flow Fluid Velocities (also see Draught Plant) Fluidisation Fluidised Bed Combustion Fluidised Bed Ash Coolers (see Circulating Fluidised Bed Combustion) Fluidised Bed Heat Exchanger (see Circulating Fluidised Bed Combustion) Fly Ash (see Ash: Bottom and Fly) Foaming and Priming (see Operation and Maintenance Topics) Forced Circulation (see Circulation) Forgings (see Materials of Construction) Fossil Fuels Fouling (see Slagging and Fouling) Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction (see Conduction Heat in Heat Transfer) Frame Machines in Gas Turbines (see GT Types in Gas Turbines) Freeboard (see Fluidised Bed Combustion, Bubbling and Circulating) Free Burning Coals (see Caking Coals in Coal) Free Convection (see Convection in Heat Transfer) Fuels (also see Fossil Fuels and Coals of the World in Appendix 3) Fuel Classification (also see Coals of the World in Appendix 3) Fuel Distributors or Spreaders Fuel Feeders Fuel Firing Modes Fuel Oils (see Liquid Fuels) Fuel Ratio (see Coal Classification under Coal) Furnace (see Pressure Parts and Heating Surfaces) Furnace Air Staging (see Separated Overfire Air) Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System (see Operation and Maintenance Topics) Furnace Draught (see Fans) Fusibility of Fuel Ash (see Ash Fusibility) G Gas Bypassing Gas Cleaning (also see 1. Dust Collection Equipment, 2. Desulphurisation, 3. Nitrogen Oxides in Flue Gas, 4. Reburning, 5. Selective Catalytic Reduction, 6. Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction, 7. Separated Overfire Air) Gas Electric Igniters (see Igniters) Gaseous Fuels Gas-Fired Boilers (see Oil- and Gas-Fired Boilers) Gas Laning Gas Recirculation or Recycling and Gas Tempering Gas Side Corrosion (see Ash Corrosion) Gas Turbines (see Turbines, Gas) Gas Turbine Cycle (see Thermodynamic Cycles) Gas Velocities Gauge Glasses (see Water Level Indicators) Glass Wool (see Insulating Materials) Grain Size of Steel (see Metallurgy) Graphitisation in Steel Pipe Grashof's Number (see Dimensionless Numbers in Heat Transfer) Grates Grate Types Green Liquor (see Kraft Pulping Process and Recovery Boiler) Green House Gases Grindability Index (see Hardgrove Index) Grinding (see Pulverising) Gross Calorific Value (see Thermodynamic Properties) Gross Steam Generation (see Steam Generation) Gross Thermal eta (see Definitions of eta under Efficiency of Boiler) Guillotine Dampers (see Dampers in Draught Plant) H Hardenability (of Steel) (see Metallurgy) Hardness of Steel (see Metallurgy) Hardness of Water (see Water) Hardness Measurements of Metals (see Testing of Materials) Hardgrove Index Headers (see Pressure Parts) Heat or Heat Energy (see Thermodynamic Properties) Heat Balance (also see Definition of Efficiency in Efficiency of Boiler) Heat Credits (see Heat Loss Calculation in Efficiency of Boiler) Heat Distribution to HSs (at Various Pressure Levels) (see Industrial Boilers) Heat Duty of Boiler (see Boiler Heat Duty) Heat Exchangers in Boiler (also see Fluid Flow Patterns in HXs and Log Mean Temperature Difference [LMTD or DELTAtm]) Heat Flow Equation (see Thermodynamic Properties) Heat Flux (see Thermodynamic Properties) Heat Input into Boiler (Hin) (see also Heat Release Rate) Heat Loss Account (see Break up of Losses in Efficiency of Boiler) Heat of Combustion (see Combustion) Heat of Evaporation (see Properties of Steam and Water) Heat Output of Boiler (see Boiler Heat Duty) Heat Pipe AH (see Airheater) Heat Rate (see Thermodynamic Properties) Heat Release Rate Heat Released and Available (see Heat Input) Heat Treatment of Steel (see Metallurgy) Heat Loss Method in Boiler Testing (see Efficiency of Boiler) Heat Resistant Castings (see Castings in Materials of Construction) Heating Surfaces (also see Pressure Parts) Heat Recovery Steam Generators Heat Released and Available (see Heat Input into Boiler) Heat Transfer Heating/Calorific Value (hv/cv) of Fuels (see Thermodynamic Properties) High Temperature Corrosion (see Ash Corrosion) Hog Fuel (see Agro-Fuels) Hooke's Law (see Metal Properties) Hoppers Horizontal Mills (see Pulverisers and Beater Mills in Lignite and Firing) Horse Shoe Furnace (see Pile Burning) Hot Gas Generators Humidity (see Psychrometric Chart) Hybrid Boilers (see Smoke Tube Boilers) Hydraulic Diameter (see Equivalent Diameter) Hydraulic or Hydrostatic Testing Hydrogen Embrittlement (see Water) I Ignifluid Boilers Igniters Ignition Temperature (see Combustion) Implosion (see Operation and Maintenance Topics) Incineration Inconel Indirect Firing (in Pulverised Fuel Boilers) (see Pulverised Fuel Firing) Industrial Boilers (also see 1. Boiler, 2. Boiler Classification and 3. Utility Boilers) Inertia in Boilers Initial Ash Deformation Temperature (see Ash Fusibility) Input-Output Method (in Boiler Testing) (see Efficiency Testing) Instruments for Measurement Insulating Materials Insulating Castables (see Refractories) Integral Piping (see Pressure Parts) Intermittent Blowdown (see Blowdown in Water) Iron-Carbon Diagram (see Metallurgy) Internal Re-Circulation Circulating Fluidised-Bed System (see also Circulating Fluidised-Bed Combustion) Iron Castings (see Castings in Materials of Construction) J Joule Cycle (see Brayton Cycle) J-Valve (see Loop Seal in Fluidised-Bed Combustion, Circulating) K Killed Steel (see Deoxidation of Steels) Kinematic Viscosity (upsilon) (see Fluid Characteristics) Kirchoff's Law of Thermal Radiation (see Radiation Heat under Heat Transfer) Kraft Pulping Process (also see Recovery Boiler) L Lagging Laminar Flow (see Fluid Flow Types) La Mont Boiler (see Once-Through Boiler) Lane Blowing (see Sootblowers) Laws of Steam and Water (see Thermodynamic Properties) Laws of Thermodynamics (see Thermodynamic Properties) Latent Heat (see Properties of Steam and Water) Life Extension Ligament Efficiency (see Efficiency, Ligament) Lignite and Firing Limestone Liquid Fuels Liquid Penetrating Test (see Testing of Materials) Liquefied Natural Gas (see Liquid Fuels) Liquefied Petroleum Gas (see Liquid Fuels) Log Mean Temperature Difference (also see Fluid Flow Patterns in Fluid) Louvre Dampers (see Dampers) Low Cement Castables (see Refractories) Low NOx Burners (also see NOx in Flue Gas) Low Sulphur Heavy Stock (see Fuel Oils under Liquid Fuels) Low Temperature Corrosion (see Ash Corrosion) Luminous Radiation (see Radiation in Heat Transfer) L-Valve (see Loop Seal in Circulating Fluidised-Bed Combustion) M Magnetic Particle Testing (see Non-Destructive Testing in Testing of Materials) Malleability (see Metal Properties) Manometer (see Pressure Measurement under Instruments for Measurement) Manufacturing Topics Mass Blowing (see in Rotary Sootblowers under Soot Blowers) Mass Burning (see Types of Firing in Grates) Mass Velocity (see Thermodynamic Properties) Materials of Construction Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR) (see Boiler Ratings) Maximum Operating Pressure (see Allowable Pressure in Boiler Pressures) Mean Metal Temperature (see Temperature in Pressure Part Design) Mean Temperature Difference (see Log Mean Temperature Difference [LMTD or DELTAtm]) Membrane Panel/Wall (see Pressure Parts and Furnace in Heating Surfaces) Metals Metal Properties Metallurgy Methane (CH4) (see Gaseous Fuels) Mills or Milling Plant (see Pulverisers) Mineral Matter (see Coal Ash) Mineral Wool (see Insulating Materials) Moh's Hardness Scale (see Metal Properties) Molecular Weight/Mole/Molar Volume (see Thermodynamic Properties) Mollier Chart/Diagram (see Thermodynamic Properties) Mono Wall (see Pressure Parts and Furnace in Heating Surfaces) Moody's Friction Factor (see Fluid Flow) Mountings and Fittings (see Auxiliaries) Multiclones (see Dust Collection Equipment) Municipal Solid Waste MSW Boilers-Mass Burning (also see Grates: Reciprocating, Pulsating, Step or Pusher) MSW Boilers: RDF Burning N Naphtha (see Liquid Fuels) National Fire Prevention Association Codes Natural Circulation (see Circulation) Natural Convection (see Convection in Heat Transfer) Natural Gas (see Gaseous Fuels) Net Calorific Value (see Calorific Value) Newtonian Fluid (see Fluid in Fluid Characteristics) Nitrogen Oxides in Flue Gas Noise Control Non-Destructive Examination/Testing (see Testing of Materials) Non-Luminous Radiation (see Radiation in Heat Transfer) Normal Continuous Rating (see Boiler Ratings) Nozzle Nucleate Boiling (see Boiling in Properties of Steam and Water) Nusselt Number (see Dimensionless Numbers in Heat Transfer) O Operation and Maintenance Topics Odourisation of Natural Gas (see Natural Gas in Gaseous Fuels) Oil Ash Oil and Gas Burners (see 1. Oil and Gas Burners, 2. Pulverised Fuel Burners, 3. Lignite and Brown Coal Firing and 4. Low NOx Burners) Oil- and Gas-Fired Boilers Oil Pumping and Heating Unit Oil Shale (see Liquid Fuels) Omega (OMEGA) Tubes Once-Through Boiler Once-Through Steam Generator Opacity of Stack Open Cycle in Gas Turbines (see Thermodynamic Cycles) Operating Pressure of Boiler (see Boiler Pressures) Optical Pyrometer (see Temperature Measurement in Instruments) Orbital Welding (see Welding) Orifice Orifice Meter/Plate (see Flow Measurement in Instruments) Orimulsion (see Liquid Fuels) Orsat Analyser (see Flue Gas Analysis in Instruments for Measurements) Oxy-Fuel Combustion Oxygen Scavenging (see Water) Ozone (O3) at Ground Level (see Air Pollution) P Package Boilers (see Oil- and Gas-Fired Boilers) Parallel Flow of Fluids (see Fluid Flow Patterns in Fluid Flow) Partial Pressure of Gas (see Properties of Substances) Particulate Matter in Flue Gas (see Air Pollution) Peak Rating (see Boiler Ratings) Peat Pensky Marten Flash Point Testing Apparatus (see Liquid Fuels) Percentage Saturated Water Head (see Circulation) Performance Test Codes Performance Testing (see Efficiency Testing of Boilers) Petroleum/Crude Oil (see Liquid Fuels) Petroleum Coke or Petcoke pH (see Properties of Substances) Piezometer (see Pressure Measurement in Instruments for Measurement) Pile Burning Pinch Point (in Hrsg) (see Thermal and Mechanical Design Aspects of Hrsg under Heat Recovery Steam Generators) Pin Hole Grate (see Grates) Pipes (see Materials of Construction and also see Tubes) Piping or Ducting Losses (see Fluid Flow) Pitot Tube (see Pressure Measurement in Instruments for Measurements) Pitot-Static or Prandtl Tube (see Pressure Measurement in Instruments for Measurements) Pitting or Pitting Corrosion (see Corrosion) Plastic Chrome Ore Refractory (see Refractories) Platen Superheater (see Superheater in Heating Surfaces) Pour Point (see Liquid Fuels) Power Plant Cycles (see Thermodynamic Cycles) Prandtl Number (Pr) (see Dimensionless Numbers in Heat Transfer) Pressure (see Properties of Substances) Pressure Parts or Scantlings (also see Heating Surfaces) Pressure Measurement (see Instruments for Measurement) Pressure Part Design (also see Stresses, Allowable or Permissible in Pressure Parts) Pressure Reducing and Desuperheating (see Steam Conditioning) Pressurised Firing (see Draught) Pressurised Fluidised Bed Combustion (see Fluidised Bed Combustion) Pressurised Milling (see Pulverisers) Prime/Principal Fuel (see Fuel Firing Modes) Priming (in Steam Drums) (see O&M [Operation and Maintenance] Topics) Producer Gas (see Gaseous Fuels) Projected Radiant Surface (see Furnace in Heating Surfaces) Propeller Fans (see Axial Fans) Properties of Air and Flue Gas Properties of Steam and Water Properties of Substances Proximate Analysis (see Coal) Psychrometric Chart Pulsating Grate (see Grate Types) Pulse Jet Filter (see Bag Filters) Pulverising or Grinding Pulverisers (see also Beater Mills in Lignite and Firing) Pulverised Fuel Firing Pulverised Fuel Burners (also see 1. Burners 2. Oil and Gas Burners 3. Lignite and Brown Coal Firing and 4. Low NOx Burners) Pulverised Fuel Burner Arrangement Pulverised Fuel-Fired Boilers (see also Utility Boilers) Pulverised Fuel Piping Pumps Pumping and Heating Unit (see Oil Pumping and Heating Unit) Purge Systems (see Operation and Maintenance Topics) Pyrometer (see Temperature Measurement under Instruments for Measurement) Pyrometric Cones (see Refractory Properties under Refractories) R Radiant Boilers (see Industrial Boilers) Radiation Heat (see Heat Transfer) Radiant Superheater (see Superheater Classification in Heating Surfaces) Ramming Mix (see Refractories) Rankine Cycle (see Thermodynamic Cycle) Rayleigh Number (see Dimensionless Numbers in Heat Transfer) Refuse Derived Fuel-Fired Boilers (see MSW Boilers: RDF Burning) Reburn (also see Reburning in Nitrogen Oxides in Flue Gas) Recovery Boiler (also see Kraft Process) Redwood Seconds of Viscosity (see Liquid Fuels and Instruments for Measurement) Refinery Gas (see Gaseous Fuels) Refractories Refuse Derived Fuel (see Municipal Solid Waste) Reheat (see Properties of Steam and Water) Reheater (see Heating Surfaces) Reheater Inlet and Outlet Pressure (see Boiler Pressures) Reheater Outlet Temperature (see Boiler Temperatures) Relative Density (see Specific Gravity in Properties of Substances) Relative Humidity of Air (see in Properties of Substances) Releasers or Risers (see Pressure Parts) Remote Water Level Indicator (see Water Level Indicators and Direct Water Level Indicators) Residence Time in Furnace (see Furnace Size or Volume in Heating Surfaces) Reverse Gas Filters (see Dust Collection Equipment) Reynold's Number (Re) (see Dimensionless Numbers in Heat Transfer) Ribbed Tubes (see Boiling or Evaporation in Properties of Steam and Water) Rice Husk/Rice Hull and Firing (see Agro-Fuels) Rimmed Steel (see Deoxidation of Steels in Metallurgy) Rifled Tubes (see Boiling or Evaporation in Properties of Steam and Water) Ringlemann Number (see Opacity of Stack) Risers (see Pressure Parts) Residual Life Assessment (see Life Extension) Rockwell Tests for Steel Hardness (see Testing of Materials) Rockwool (see Mineral Wool or Rockwool in Insulating Materials) Roughness Factor (see Moody's Friction Factor in Fluid Flow) S Safety Valves (see Valves) Safety Valve Floating (see Commissioning) Saybolt Seconds (see Liquid Fuels and Instruments for Measurement) Saturated Water (see Water in Properties of Steam and Water) Scantlings (see Pressure Parts) Schedule (of Pipes) Scrubber Seal Pot (see Loop Seal in Circulating Fluidised Bed Combustion) Selective Catalytic Reduction (also see Post-Combustion Processes in Nitrogen Oxides in Flue Gases [NOx]) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (also see Post-Combustion Processes in Nitrogen Oxides in Flue Gases [NOx]) Self-Pulverisation (see Pulverising) Separated Overfire Air (see also Nitrogen Oxides [NOx] in Flue Gas) Shale Gas (see Gaseous Fuels) Shell-Type Boiler (see Smoke Tube Boilers) Silencers (see Noise Control) Silica (SiO2) in Steam (see Steam Purity) Silicon Carbide (see Castables under Refractories) Simple Cycle Operation (of GTs) (see Thermodynamic Cycles) Single Drum Boilers (see Industrial Boilers) Single-Pass Boilers (see Utility Boilers) Siphon (see Loop Seal in Fluidised Bed Combustion, Circulating) Slag Wool (see Insulating Materials) Slagging and Fouling (see Ash) Sliding Pressure Operation (see Variable Pressure Operation) Sling Rods (see Structure, Boiler) Sludge (see 1. Water and 2. Liquid Fuels) Slug Flow (see Flow Types in Vertical and Horizontal Tubes) Smelt (see Recovery Boilers) Smoke Tube Boilers also Fire/Flue Tube and Shell/Shell and Tube Boilers Hybrid Combination Boilers Sodium Flame Photometry (see Steam Purity in Measurements in Boilers) Softening Temperature of Ash (see Ash Fusibility) Solid Fuels Sonic Horns Soot Blowers (also see Furnace Cleaning in Operation and Maintenance Topics) Sour Gas (see Natural Gas in Gaseous Fuels) SOx or Sulphur Oxides (see Air Pollution) Specific Gravity (see Properties of Substances) Specific Gravity of Fuel Oils (see Fuel Oils in Liquid Fuels) Specific Volume (upsilon) (see Properties of Substances) Specific Weight (Y) (see Properties of Substances) Spontaneous Combustion Spreader Burning Spreader Stoker Stack or Chimney Stack Effect Stainless Steels (see Metals) Standard Wire Gauge (see Wire Gauge) Stanton Number (see Dimensionless Numbers in Heat Transfer) Start up of Boiler (see Commissioning) Start up Vent (see Vent Piping) Start up Fan (see Boiler Fans under Fans) Steam (also see Properties of Steam and Water) Steam and Water Sampling System Steam Blowing (see Commissioning) Steam Coil Air Preheater (see Airheaters) Steam Conditioning (also see Turbine Bypass Systems) Steam by Weight and Volume (see Properties of Steam and Water) Steam Cycle (see Thermodynamic Cycles) Steam Drum (see Pressure Parts) Steam Generator (see Boiler) Steaming Economiser (see Economiser in Heating Surfaces) Steam Mass Velocity (see Superheater in Heating Surfaces) Steam Purification (also see Drum Internals) Steam Purity Steam Purity Measurement (see Instruments for Measurements) Steam Quality or Dryness of Steam Steam Quality Measurement (see Instruments for Measurements) Steam Sampling (see Steam Purity Measurement under Instruments for Measurement) Steam Scrubber (see Drum Internals) Steam Separator (see Drum Internals) Steam Temperature Control Steam Turbine (see Turbine, Steam) Steel (see Metals) Steel Alloying Elements (see Metallurgy) Steel Classification (see Metallurgy) Steel Properties (see Metal Properties) Stefan-Boltzmann's Law of Radiation (see Radiation Heat under Heat Transfer) Stellite Alloys Steam Injected Gas Turbine Cycle (see Turbines, GT under GT Performance) Stoichiometric Air (see Combustion) Stoker Firing (see Grate Firing) Stress Stress Corrosion (see Corrosion) Stress Rupture (see Metal Properties) Stresses, Allowable or Permissible in Pressure Parts (also see Pressure Part Design) Boiler Structure Stubbed Drum (see Steam Drum under Pressure Parts) Sub-Bituminous Coal Sub-Cooled Water (see Properties of Steam and Water) Sub-Critical Pressure (see Critical Pressure Point of Steam and Water) Suction Milling (see Pulveriser Types under Pulverisers) Sulphation Reaction (see Desulphurisation) Sulphur Oxides (see Air Pollution) Sulphur (in Coal) (see Sulphur in Ultimate Analysis in Coal) Supercritical Boilers (see Utility Boilers) Super-Critical Pressure (see Critical Point of Steam and Water) Superheat (see Properties of Steam and Water) Superheater (see Heating Surfaces (HSs) and Pressure Parts) Superheater Outlet Pressure (see Boiler Pressures) Superheater Outlet Temperature Boiler Steam Temperatures Supplies (see Downcomers) Surface Tension (see Fluid Properties under Fluid Characteristics) Suspension Hangers/Slings/Rods (see Sling Rods) Swaging (see Tube Swaging under Manufacturing Topics) Sweet Gas (see Natural Gas) Swell Effect in Steam Drums (see Swell Volume in Steam Drum under Pressure Parts) System Resistance of Boiler T T Firing (see Pulverised Fuel Burner Arrangement) Tangent Tube Walls (see Heating Surfaces Pressure Parts) Tangential Burners (see Pulverised Fuel Burners) Temperature (T, t) (see Thermodynamic Properties) Temperature of Gas (High-Velocity and Multiple-Shield High-Velocity Thermocouples) (also see High-Velocity and Multiple-Shield High Velocity Thermocouples under Instruments for Measurement) Temperature-Entropy Diagram (see Critical Pressure Point in Steam and Water) Temperature Measurement (see Instruments for Measurements) Tempering Air for Mill Tensile Strength (see Metal Properties) Tensile Test (see Testing of Materials) Testing of Materials (Metals) Thermal Efficiency (see Efficiency of Boiler) Thermal Flux (see Thermodynamic Properties) Thermal Resistivity (see Thermal Conductivity under Thermodynamic Properties) Thermodynamic Cycles Thermodynamic Processes Thermodynamic Properties Thermal Energy (see Thermodynamic Properties) Thermocouple (see Instruments for Measurements) Thermometer (see Instruments for Measurements) Throttling (see Properties of Steam and Water) Throttling Calorimeter (see Steam Quality in Instruments for Measurement) Tie Bars/Tie Channels (also see Furnace Pressure in Furnace under Heating Surfaces) Top-Supported Boiler (see Boiler-Supporting Systems in Structure) Top-Suspension Girders (see Structure) Top Suspension Hangers (see Structure) Total Dissolved Solids in Water (TDS) Toughness (see Metal Properties) Tower-Type Boilers (see Utility Boilers) Transition Flow (see Fluid Flow Types) Transmissivity (see Radiation Heat under Heat Transfer) Travelling Grate (see Grates, Travelling) Tube Expansion (see Manufacturing Topics) Tube Swaging (see Manufacturing Topics) Tubes (see Materials of Construction) Turbines, Gas Turbines, Steam Turbine Bypass Systems Turbulent Flow (see Fluid Flow Types) Turndown Two-Pass Boilers (see Utility Boilers) Two-Phase Flow (also see Circulation and Flow Types in Vertical and Horizontal Tubes) U Ultrasonic Testing (see Non-Destructive Testing/Examination under Testing of Materials (Metals)) Utility Boiler (also see 1. Boilers, 2. Boiler Classification and 3. Industrial Boilers) Ultimate Analysis (see Coal) Ultrasonic Testing (see Non-Destructive Examination) Ultra Supercritical Boilers (see SC Boilers) Universal Pressure Boiler (see Supercritical Boilers) V Vacuum Degassing of Steel (see Metallurgy) Valve Wide Open Condition (see Boiler Rating) Valves Valves in Boiler Vapour Vapour Pressure (see Fluid Properties under Fluid Characteristics) Vanadium in Oil Ash (see Oil Ash Corrosion) Variable/Sliding Pressure Operation of Boilers Vegetable Fuels (see Agro-Fuels) Velocity Coefficient Velocities of Fluids (see Fluid Velocities) Vena Contracta (see Fluid Flow) Vent Piping (also see Integral Piping in Pressure Parts) Ventilation of Boiler Room Venturi Meter/Tube (see Instruments for Measurement) Vertical or Down Shot Burners (see Pulverised Fuel Burners) Vertical Economisers (see Economiser in BLR Boiler Construction under Recovery Boilers) Vertical Mills (see Pulverisers) Vicker's Test (see Hardness Testing of Metals in Testing) Viscosity, Absolute/Dynamic and Kinematic (see Fluid Characteristics) Volatile Matter (see Coal) Volatile Organic Compounds Volumetric Machines (see Ambient Conditions) W Wall Blowers (see Soot Blowers) Waste Fuels Waste Heat Waste Heat Recovery Boilers (see also Industrial Boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generators) Water Water Carryover (see Steam Purity) Water Drum (see Pressure Parts) Water-Holding Capacity of Boiler (also see Steam Drum in Pressure Parts) Water Lancing (see Soot Blowers) Water Level Indicators (see also Direct Water Level Indicators and Remote Water Level Indicators) Water Tube Boilers (see Boilers) Water Wall (also see Furnace Wall Construction in Heating Surfaces) Water Wall Circuit (see Circulation) Wear Welding Wet Air (in Combustion) (see Combustion Calculations in Combustion) Wet Bulb Temperature Twb (see Psychrometric Chart) Wet Flue Gas (see Properties of Air and Flue Gas) Wet Scrubbers (see Dust Collection Equipment) Wet Steam (see Properties of Steam and Water) Wet Wall Flow (see Properties of Steam and Water) White Liquor (see Kraft Pulping Process and Recovery Boiler) Wire Gauge Wobbe Index (see Gaseous Fuels) Wood and Firing (see Agro-Fuels) Y Yancey-Geer Price Index for Coal Abrasion (see Wear) Yield Point (see Tensile Test in Testing and Metal Properties) Yield Strength (see Tensile Test in Testing and Metal Properties) List of Abbreviations Symbols of Elements and Compounds List of Symbols Organisations Related to Boilers References and Further Reading Codes Books Technical Articles/Reports Appendix 1: Combustion Constants Appendix 2 : The Periodic Table of Elements Appendix 3: Coals of the World Index