Dietary Fibre; Bio-Active Carbohydrates for Food and Feed

By: J.W. van der Kamp (Editor), N.-G. Asp (Editor), J. Miller-Jones (Editor), G. Schaafsma (Editor)

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Hardcover | 1 November 2003

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Contemporary research tools and ideas are enabling researchers to obtain a much better insight in to the mechanisms of bio-active carbohydrates. These include analytical methods, model systems to measure the impact of fibre on processes in the gastro-intestinal tract and the identification and measurement of new biomarkers, for example markers related to satiety. These insights and tools should contribute to RandD on ingredients and products aiming to impart significant health benefits. In this book all these issues are addressed by invited expert scientists of leading research groups all over the world. In addition, consumer views on dietary fibre are discussed, as well as issues on definition of dietary fibre and developments in the field of health claims.

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Non-Fiction Medicine Medicine in General Public Health & Preventive Medicine Personal & Public Health / Health Education Dietetics & Nutrition Engineering & Technology Industrial Chemistry & Manufacturing Technologies Industrial Chemistry Food & Beverage Technology Veterinary Medicine Industry & Industrial Studies

Primary Industries Agriculture & Related Industries Service Industries

Foreword	p. 7
Definitions, health claims and new challenges
Definition and analysis of dietary fibre in the context of food carbohydrates	p. 21
Abstract	p. 21
Introduction	p. 21
Dietary fibre analysis	p. 22
New definitions of dietary fibre	p. 23
Concluding remarks	p. 24
References	p. 25
Health claims, options for dietary fibre	p. 27
Abstract	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
What are the developments in food and health?	p. 28
What do these developments mean for dietary fibre?	p. 35
What kinds of claims for dietary fibre are substantiated by scientific evidence?	p. 36
Conclusions	p. 37
References	p. 37
Whole grain health claims in the United States, United Kingdom and Sweden	p. 39
Abstract	p. 39
Introduction	p. 40
US wholegrain health claim	p. 42
UK Wholegrain health claim	p. 45
Swedish wholegrain health claim	p. 49
Wholegrain health claims: Implications	p. 52
Dietary fibres - New challenges for research	p. 59
Abstract	p. 59
Introduction	p. 59
Functional food development	p. 60
The challenge of dietary fibre	p. 60
Structure-function relationships	p. 61
Target populations	p. 61
Mode of action within the colon	p. 62
Synbiotics	p. 63
Nutrigenomics	p. 63
Applications of dietary fibre	p. 63
The definition of dietary fibre	p. 64
Regulatory and safety aspects	p. 64
Dietary fibre and the consumer	p. 65
Acknowledgements	p. 65
References	p. 66
Analytical tools, technological aspects and applications
Rapid bio-analytical methods - New developments	p. 69
Abstract	p. 69
Introduction	p. 69
Fructans and Fructo-oligosaccharides	p. 73
Cyclodextrins	p. 76
Native and partially hydrolysed galactomannan and glucomannan	p. 77
Conclusions	p. 79
References	p. 80
Analytical characterization of carbohydrates: From polymer through oligomer to monomer	p. 83
Abstract	p. 83
Introduction	p. 83
Characterization of polysaccharides	p. 84
NSP oligosaccharides	p. 87
Improvement of precision and accuracy in the inulin - FOS determination in food products by using HPAEC-PAD	p. 89
Discussion	p. 92
Summarizing conclusions	p. 96
References	p. 97
Advanced in vitro models of the gastro-intestinal tract - Novel tools to study functionality of dietary fibres	p. 99
Abstract	p. 99
TNO's in vitro models of the gastro-intestinal tract	p. 99
Viscosity and gastric emptying	p. 102
Viscosity and glycaemic response	p. 103
Degree of digestibility and fermentability of dietary fibre, and the energy value of fibres	p. 105
Effects of the composition and activity of the large intestinal microbiota on colonic health	p. 106
Binding of cholesterol and fat by dietary fibres	p. 108
Conclusions	p. 109
Acknowledgements	p. 109
References	p. 109
The importance of food structure on the glycaemic responses of carbohydrate rich foods	p. 113
Abstract	p. 113
Obesity, diabetes and carbohydrates	p. 113
Does food microstructure affect GI response?	p. 115
Fibre additions to Carbohydrate foods	p. 118
Conclusion	p. 121
References	p. 124
Dietary fibres: their uses in dairy based applications	p. 127
Abstract	p. 127
Characteristics of dietary fibres	p. 127
Dietary fibres in dairy products	p. 128
Conclusion	p. 132
References	p. 132
Importance of phytosterols, folates and other bioactive compounds in cereals	p. 135
Abstract	p. 135
Introduction	p. 135
Phytosterols	p. 135
Folates	p. 137
Conclusions	p. 139
References	p. 139
Health benefits of dietary fibre
Dietary fibre intake, disease prevention, and health promotion: An overview with emphasis on evidence from epidemiology	p. 143
Abstract	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
Intakes of fibre around the world	p. 144
Fibre recommendations around the world	p. 144
Fibre intakes	p. 144
Fibre intakes in countries of Europe	p. 145
Fibre intakes in Eastern Europe	p. 148
Fibre intakes in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean	p. 149
Fibre intakes in the Pacific Rim	p. 149
Dietary fibre intake in Africa and Latin America	p. 150
Dietary fibre intake USA	p. 150
Dietary fibre intake summary	p. 151
Dietary fibre and all cause mortality	p. 151
Dietary fibre and obesity	p. 152
Dietary fibre and diabetes and the metabolic syndrome	p. 152
Dietary fibre and coronary heart disease	p. 153
Dietary fibre and colon health	p. 154
Dietary fibre and other cancers of the gastrointestinal tract	p. 156
Dietary fibre and breast and other hormonal cancers	p. 158
Summary	p. 158
References	p. 159
Experimental studies of dietary fibre and colon cancer- an overview	p. 165
Abstract	p. 165
Introduction	p. 166
Human studies	p. 167
Animal studies	p. 168
Mechanisms	p. 170
Some significant dietary fibre sources	p. 171
Fibre associated phytochemicals	p. 173
Energy dense fibre deplete diet	p. 174
Conclusions	p. 174
Acknowledgements	p. 175
References	p. 175
Epidemiology of dietary fibre and colorectal cancer	p. 179
Abstract	p. 179
References	p. 180
Dietary fibre, lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease	p. 183
Abstract	p. 183
Introduction	p. 183
Dietary fibre and dietary lipid intake	p. 184
Dietary fibre and fat digestion	p. 185
Dietary fibre and lipid absorption	p. 186
Dietary fibre and lipid or sterol ileal excretion	p. 187
Dietary fibre and postprandial metabolism	p. 187
Dietary fibre and cardiovascular risk factors	p. 188
Dietary fibre and cardiovascular risk	p. 189
Conclusion	p. 190
References	p. 191
Intestinal flora and health	p. 197
Abstract	p. 197
Introduction	p. 198
General idea of probiotics	p. 198
Sub-optimal health state	p. 200
References	p. 201
Health benefits of specific types of dietary fibre
Cholesterol-lowering activity of insoluble fibre from carob	p. 205
Abstract	p. 205
Introduction	p. 205
Animal trials on cholesterol-lowering activity of carob fibre	p. 208
Human intervention trials on cholesterol-lowering activity of carob fibre	p. 209
Conclusions	p. 215
Acknowledgements	p. 215
References	p. 216
Effects of resistant maltodextrin on metabolism of glucose and lipids	p. 219
Abstract	p. 219
Introduction	p. 219
Developmental process	p. 220
Physicochemical characteristics	p. 221
Effects on glucose metabolism	p. 222
Effects on lipid metabolism	p. 226
Conclusion	p. 229
References	p. 229
Effect of extra-cellular polysaccharides on satiety	p. 231
Abstract	p. 231
Introduction	p. 231
References	p. 235
The effect of various inulins and Clostridium difficile on the metabolic activity and composition of the human colonic microbiota in vitro	p. 237
Abstract	p. 237
Introduction	p. 238
Materials	p. 240
Analytical methods	p. 243
Results	p. 245
Discussion	p. 249
Acknowledgements	p. 251
References	p. 251
The role of prebiotic fibres in the process of calcium absorption	p. 255
Abstract	p. 255
Introduction	p. 255
Dietary fibre	p. 256
The prebiotic effect	p. 257
Mineral absorption	p. 259
Conclusion	p. 262
References	p. 263
Health aspects for target groups
The effect of inulin/fructo-oligosaccharide as a prebiotic ingredient in baby formulae	p. 267
Abstract	p. 267
Introduction	p. 267
Methods	p. 268
Results	p. 269
Conclusion	p. 270
References	p. 270
The role of fibre in clinical nutrition	p. 271
Abstract	p. 271
Introduction	p. 271
Guidelines for fibre level and type in clinical nutritional products	p. 272
Physiological effects of dietary fibre	p. 274
Clinical applications for fibre-containing products	p. 277
Normalization of bowel function	p. 278
Constipation	p. 281
Diarrhoea	p. 282
Fibre-containing nutritional products for paediatrics	p. 285
Contraindications and risks for use of fibre-containing products	p. 286
Additional health benefits from fibres	p. 289
Summary	p. 289
References	p. 290
The role of dietary fibre in companion animal nutrition	p. 295
Abstract	p. 295
Introduction	p. 296
Fermentative capacity of companion animals	p. 297
Effects of dietary fibre on food intake and gastric and small intestinal function in companion animals	p. 298
Effects of dietary fibre on large intestinal function in companion animals	p. 305
Clinical significance of dietary fibre in companion animals	p. 314
Strategies for incorporating dietary fibre into companion animal diets	p. 318
Summary and conclusions	p. 320
References	p. 320
Xylo-oligosaccharides alter metabolism of gut microbes and blood xylose levels in chicks	p. 329
Abstract	p. 329
Introduction	p. 329
Materials and methods	p. 330
Results and Discussions	p. 330
Conclusions	p. 332
References	p. 332
The dietary fibre 2003 conference: An overview
The dietary fibre 2003 conference: An overview	p. 335
Abstract	p. 335
Definition, structure, and analytical tools	p. 335
Health benefits of dietary fibre	p. 337
Health considerations for target groups: infants, patients, farm animals, and companion animals	p. 340
Exploring and underpinning options for health-promoting products	p. 341
Conclusions, recommendations and future perspectives	p. 343
Index	p. 347
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

Dietary Fibre; Bio-Active Carbohydrates for Food and Feed

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