Acknowledgements | p. vii |
Dedication | p. viii |
Foreword | p. ix |
An approach to using lime | p. 1 |
Lime: a versatile binder | p. 1 |
Characteristics of limes | p. 2 |
Air limes, hydraulic limes, and those in between | p. 4 |
What limes do in buildings | p. 4 |
Specifying building limes | p. 6 |
What lime is and how it is prepared | p. 8 |
Introduction | p. 8 |
Preparation | p. 9 |
Hydraulic limes | p. 12 |
Pozzolanic additives | p. 14 |
Magnesian limes | p. 14 |
Tools and equipment | p. 16 |
Tools for lime | p. 16 |
Plant and equipment | p. 17 |
Setting-out tools | p. 23 |
Plasterers' tools | p. 28 |
Masons' tools and additional equipment | p. 42 |
Limewashes | p. 49 |
Uses and qualities | p. 49 |
Preparation of a basic limewash | p. 50 |
Additives to the basic limewash | p. 53 |
Applying limewash | p. 56 |
Performance standards and trial mixes | p. 58 |
Lime mortars | p. 60 |
Definition of mortar | p. 60 |
Performance | p. 60 |
Basic materials for mortar | p. 63 |
Additives | p. 65 |
Mortar preparation | p. 67 |
Mortar from non-hydraulic (Class A) quicklime | p. 70 |
Mortar from hydraulic (Class C) quicklime | p. 71 |
Mix proportions | p. 72 |
Application of mortar | p. 72 |
Trial mixes | p. 75 |
Plain lime plastering for interiors | p. 77 |
Introduction | p. 77 |
Tools | p. 77 |
Backgrounds | p. 77 |
Materials for lime plastering | p. 83 |
Plain lime plaster application | p. 88 |
Texture and finishes | p. 98 |
Ceilings | p. 99 |
Gauging with gypsum or plaster of Paris | p. 101 |
External renders and thrown finishes | p. 103 |
Introduction | p. 103 |
Tools | p. 105 |
Backgrounds | p. 106 |
Materials | p. 106 |
External lime render, mixes and applications | p. 110 |
Thrown finishes | p. 112 |
Traditional Indian renders | p. 117 |
Lime gauging, daub and earth finishes | p. 120 |
Gauging with Portland cement | p. 121 |
Identification of faults | p. 122 |
Decorative plasterwork | p. 127 |
Introduction | p. 127 |
Run mouldings | p. 127 |
Cast moulds | p. 134 |
Pargeting | p. 138 |
Modelling stucco in situ | p. 140 |
Depeter | p. 143 |
Carved and diapered plaster | p. 144 |
Sgraffito | p. 146 |
Italian stuccos | p. 148 |
Stabilization and other mixes incorporating lime | p. 152 |
Earth stabilization | p. 152 |
Daub construction | p. 154 |
Pise de terre or rammed earth | p. 156 |
Lime-stabilized earth bricks and blocks | p. 157 |
Lime and cow dung rendering and pargeting | p. 163 |
Renders and slurries for soil structures | p. 164 |
Roof finishes | p. 166 |
Tar and lime coating | p. 167 |
Calcium silicate bricks and components | p. 168 |
Substructure: floors, roads and lime concrete | p. 171 |
Floors and paving | p. 171 |
Roads | p. 178 |
Lime concrete | p. 182 |
Hydraulic mortar and concrete specifications | p. 186 |
Lime concrete canal lining in India | p. 189 |
Water mortars for making lime concretes | p. 190 |
Limestone recognition, testing and standards | p. 193 |
Field investigation | p. 193 |
Geological origin of rocks | p. 194 |
Limestone recognition | p. 195 |
Field tests for lime | p. 203 |
Field tests for sand, pozzolans and mortars | p. 216 |
Field tests for soil stabilization | p. 223 |
Standard test methods | p. 227 |
National standards | p. 237 |
Maintenance guidelines | p. 240 |
Introduction | p. 240 |
Structural movement | p. 240 |
Roof coverings | p. 241 |
Rainwater goods above ground | p. 241 |
Drainage below ground | p. 242 |
Sanitary fittings | p. 242 |
Maintaining wall finishes | p. 243 |
Maintaining ceilings and decorative plasterwork | p. 246 |
Metalwork | p. 249 |
Floors | p. 249 |
Roads and paths | p. 250 |
Vegetation | p. 250 |
Summary | p. 251 |
References and bibliography | p. 252 |
Glossary | p. 259 |
Appendices | p. 280 |
Proposed classification of building limes by hydraulicity | p. 280 |
Pozzolans: natural and artificial | p. 282 |
Sieve gauge and mesh size conversion table | p. 285 |
Select list of national standards | p. 286 |
Minerals associated with common limestone chemicals | p. 290 |
Chemical analysis of hydraulic limes and natural cements | p. 292 |
Effects of the addition of pure limes to natural hydraulic limes | p. 293 |
Suitability of soils for the addition of lime | p. 294 |
Recommended quantities of gypsum for gauging internal lime plaster | p. 295 |
Comparative crushing strengths of mortars and associated building materials | p. 296 |
Properties of bricks and blocks | p. 297 |
Comparative compressive strengths of traditional British lime mortars with those given in some European standards | p. 299 |
Conversion tables | p. 300 |
Index | p. 301 |
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