PREFACE . 7
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .11
1.1. Database Technology .11
1.2. Data Are Resource of the Organization ..11
1.3. Data, Information, Knowledge .12
1.4. Common Mistakes in Data Resource Management .13
1.5. Control Data Redundancy .15
1.6. Database and Database System .17
1.7. Database Management Systems ..18
1.8. Commonly Used DBMS for Relational Databases ..21
CHAPTER 2. DATA STRUCTURE TECHNIQUES FOR DATABASES .23
2.1. Secondary Storage .23
2.2. File, Record, Attribute, and Key .24
2.3. Pointer .25
2.4. Basic File Organizations .25
2.4.1. Sequential file ..26
2.4.2. Random file .27
2.4.3. Indexed file .29
2.5. B-tree .31
2.5.1. Overview of B-tree ..31
2.5.2. Construction of B-tree ..32
2.5.3. B-tree maintenance ..33
CHAPTER 3. DATA MODELS .39
3.1. Overview of Data Models ..39
3.2. ER Model .40
3.3. Entity, Attribute, and Primary Key .41
3.4. Relationship ..42
3.5. Instrument for Implementing 1:1 and 1:M Relationships - Foreign Key ..48
3.6. Instrument for Implementing M:M Relationships - Associative Entity .51
3.7. Summary of ERD Convention ..54
3.8. Construction of ERD .56
3.8.1. Transcript ..56
3.8.2. Sample datasheets ..58
3.8.3. Redundant relationships in ERD .59
3.8.4. Iterations of ERD construction .61
CHAPTER 4. RELATIONAL DATABASE ..65
4.1. Relational Data Model and Tables ..65
4.2. Candidate Key and Alternative Key .66
4.3. Conversion of the ER Model to the Relational Data Model ..67
4.4. Data Retrieval from Relational Database.71
4.5. Referential Integrity.74
CHAPTER 5. NORMALIZATION AND LOGICAL DATABASE DESIGN..81
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CHAPTER 8. DATABASE IN COMPUTER NETWORKS .. 147
8.1. Centralized Database in the Local Area Network Environment .. 147
8.2. Centralized Database in the Internet Environment .. 147
8.3. Distributed Databases.. 149
8.4. XML for Databases .. 155
CHAPTER 9. DATA WAREHOUSE .. 161
9.1. Enterprise Data Management and Data Warehouse . 161
9.2. Multidimensional Data and Data Cube . 162
9.3. Creating Data Cube in Relational Databases.. 162
CHAPTER 10. DATABASE ADMINISTRATION .. 167
10.1. Data Planning and Database Design . 167
10.2. Data Coordination . 167
10.3. Data Security, Access Policies, and Data Ownership . 167
10.4. Data Quality .. 167
10.5. Database Performance .. 168
10.6. Data Standards, Data Dictionary, and Documentation .. 168
10.7. User Training and Help Desk Support . 169
10.8. Database Backup and Recovery . 170
10.9. Data Archiving.. 172
10.10. Database Maintenance . 173
10.11. Managing Business Data Rules Related to the Database Design .. 173
CHAPTER 11. ONLINE ANALYTICAL PROCESSING (OLAP). 175
11.1. Introduction to OLAP .. 175
11.2. Microsoft Office Environment for OLAP . 180
11.3. An Example of OLAP .. 181
11.4. Business Intelligence and Data Mining . 190
11.5. Data Resource for Organizational Knowledge Development .. 191
CHAPTER 12. NoSQL DATABASES . 195
12.1. NoSQL Databases . 195
12.2. An Illustrative Example of NoSQL Database . 196
12.3. Basic Types of NoSQL Databases .. 202
12.3.1. Key-value-based .. 202
12.3.2. Document-oriented .. 203
12.3.3. Graph-based .. 203
12.3.4. Column-based .. 204
12.4. Examples of NoSQL Database Management Systems. 205
TECHNICAL GUIDE A. CONSTRUCTING DATABASE USING
MICROSOFT ACCESS .. 209
TECHNICAL GUIDE B. AN EXAMPLE OF NORMALIZATION BASED ON
DATASHEET SAMPLES .. 245
ANSWERS TO EXERCISE QUESTIONS AND REVIEWS. 253
INDEX . 270