| Preface | p. xix |
| C++ Fundamentals | p. 1 |
| A Brief History of C++ | p. 2 |
| C: The Beginning of the Modern Age of Programming | p. 2 |
| The Need for C++ | p. 3 |
| C++ Is Born | p. 4 |
| The Evolution of C++ | p. 4 |
| How C++ Relates to Java and C# | p. 5 |
| Object-Oriented Programming | p. 7 |
| Encapsulation | p. 7 |
| Polymorphism | p. 8 |
| Inheritance | p. 9 |
| A First Simple Program | p. 10 |
| Entering the Program | p. 11 |
| Compiling the Program | p. 11 |
| Run the Program | p. 12 |
| The First Sample Program Line by Line | p. 12 |
| Handling Syntax Errors | p. 15 |
| A Second Simple Program | p. 16 |
| Using an Operator | p. 17 |
| Reading Input from the Keyboard | p. 19 |
| Some Output Options | p. 21 |
| Another Data Type | p. 22 |
| Converting Feet to Meters | p. 24 |
| Two Control Statements | p. 26 |
| The if Statement | p. 27 |
| The for Loop | p. 28 |
| Using Blocks of Code | p. 30 |
| Semicolons and Positioning | p. 32 |
| Indentation Practices | p. 33 |
| Generating a Table of Feet to Meter Conversions | p. 33 |
| Introducing Functions | p. 36 |
| The C++ Libraries | p. 38 |
| The C++ Keywords | p. 38 |
| Identifiers | p. 39 |
| Module 1 Mastery Check | p. 40 |
| Introducing Data Types and Operators | p. 43 |
| Why Data Types Are Important | p. 44 |
| The C++ Data Types | p. 44 |
| Integers | p. 47 |
| Characters | p. 48 |
| Floating-Point Types | p. 50 |
| The bool Type | p. 51 |
| void | p. 53 |
| Talking to Mars | p. 53 |
| Literals | p. 55 |
| Hexadecimal and Octal Literals | p. 56 |
| String Literals | p. 56 |
| Character Escape Sequences | p. 56 |
| A Closer Look at Variables | p. 59 |
| Initializing a Variable | p. 59 |
| Dynamic Initialization | p. 60 |
| Operators | p. 61 |
| Arithmetic Operators | p. 61 |
| Increment and Decrement | p. 62 |
| Relational and Logical Operators | p. 64 |
| Construct an XOR Logical Operation | p. 67 |
| The Assignment Operator | p. 69 |
| Compound Assignments | p. 70 |
| Type Conversion in Assignments | p. 71 |
| Expressions | p. 71 |
| Type Conversion in Expressions | p. 72 |
| Casts | p. 72 |
| Spacing and Parentheses | p. 73 |
| Compute the Regular Payments on a Loan | p. 74 |
| Module 2 Mastery Check | p. 77 |
| Program Control Statements | p. 79 |
| The if Statement | p. 80 |
| The Conditional Expression | p. 82 |
| Nested ifs | p. 83 |
| The if-else-if Ladder | p. 84 |
| The switch Statement | p. 85 |
| Nested switch Statements | p. 89 |
| Start Building a C++ Help System | p. 91 |
| The for Loop | p. 93 |
| Some Variations on the for Loop | p. 95 |
| Missing Pieces | p. 96 |
| The Infinite for Loop | p. 97 |
| Loops with No Body | p. 98 |
| Declaring Loop Control Variables Inside the for Loop | p. 99 |
| The while Loop | p. 100 |
| The do-while Loop | p. 102 |
| Improve the C++ Help System | p. 105 |
| Using break to Exit a Loop | p. 108 |
| Using continue | p. 110 |
| Finish the C++ Help System | p. 111 |
| Nested Loops | p. 115 |
| Using the goto Statement | p. 116 |
| Module 3 Mastery Check | p. 117 |
| Arrays, Strings, and Pointers | p. 119 |
| One-Dimensional Arrays | p. 120 |
| No Bounds Checking | p. 123 |
| Two-Dimensional Arrays | p. 124 |
| Multidimensional Arrays | p. 126 |
| Sorting an Array | p. 127 |
| Strings | p. 129 |
| String Fundamentals | p. 130 |
| Reading a String from the Keyboard | p. 130 |
| Some String Library Functions | p. 132 |
| strcpy | p. 133 |
| strcat | p. 133 |
| strcmp | p. 133 |
| strlen | p. 133 |
| A String Function Example | p. 134 |
| Using the Null Terminator | p. 135 |
| Array Initialization | p. 136 |
| Unsized Array Initializations | p. 140 |
| Arrays of Strings | p. 141 |
| Pointers | p. 143 |
| What Are Pointers? | p. 143 |
| The Pointer Operators | p. 144 |
| The Base Type of a Pointer Is Important | p. 146 |
| Assigning Values Through a Pointer | p. 147 |
| Pointer Expressions | p. 148 |
| Pointer Arithmetic | p. 148 |
| Pointer Comparisons | p. 150 |
| Pointers and Arrays | p. 151 |
| Indexing a Pointer | p. 153 |
| String Constants | p. 155 |
| Reversing a String in Place | p. 156 |
| Arrays of Pointers | p. 159 |
| The Null Pointer Convention | p. 160 |
| Multiple Indirection | p. 161 |
| Module 4 Mastery Check | p. 163 |
| Introducing Functions | p. 165 |
| Function Fundamentals | p. 166 |
| The General Form of a Function | p. 166 |
| Creating a Function | p. 167 |
| Using Arguments | p. 168 |
| Using return | p. 170 |
| Returning Values | p. 173 |
| Using Functions in Expressions | p. 175 |
| Scope Rules | p. 176 |
| Local Scope | p. 177 |
| Global Scope | p. 182 |
| Passing Pointers and Arrays to Functions | p. 185 |
| Passing a Pointer | p. 185 |
| Passing an Array | p. 186 |
| Passing Strings | p. 189 |
| Returning Pointers | p. 190 |
| The main() Function | p. 192 |
| Pass Command-Line Arguments to main() | p. 192 |
| Passing Numeric Command-Line Arguments | p. 194 |
| Function Prototypes | p. 196 |
| Headers Contain Prototypes | p. 198 |
| Recursion | p. 198 |
| The Quicksort | p. 201 |
| Module 5 Mastery Check | p. 205 |
| A Closer Look at Functions | p. 207 |
| Two Approaches to Argument Passing | p. 208 |
| How C++ Passes Arguments | p. 208 |
| Using a Pointer to Create a Call-by-Reference | p. 209 |
| Reference Parameters | p. 211 |
| Returning References | p. 216 |
| Independent References | p. 219 |
| A Few Restrictions When Using References | p. 220 |
| Function Overloading | p. 221 |
| Automatic Type Conversions and Overloading | p. 225 |
| Create Overloaded Output Functions | p. 228 |
| Default Function Arguments | p. 234 |
| Default Arguments Versus Overloading | p. 235 |
| Using Default Arguments Correctly | p. 237 |
| Function Overloading and Ambiguity | p. 238 |
| Module 6 Mastery Check | p. 241 |
| More Data Types and Operators | p. 243 |
| The const and volatile Qualifiers | p. 244 |
| const | p. 244 |
| volatile | p. 246 |
| Storage Class Specifiers | p. 247 |
| auto | p. 247 |
| extern | p. 247 |
| static Variables | p. 249 |
| register Variables | p. 253 |
| Enumerations | p. 256 |
| typedef | p. 259 |
| Bitwise Operators | p. 260 |
| AND, OR, XOR, and NOT | p. 261 |
| The Shift Operators | p. 266 |
| Create Bitwise Rotation Functions | p. 269 |
| The ? Operator | p. 274 |
| The Comma Operator | p. 275 |
| Multiple Assignments | p. 277 |
| Compound Assignment | p. 277 |
| Using sizeof | p. 278 |
| Precedence Summary | p. 279 |
| Module 7 Mastery Check | p. 280 |
| Classes and Objects | p. 283 |
| Class Fundamentals | p. 284 |
| The General Form of a Class | p. 284 |
| Defining a Class and Creating Objects | p. 285 |
| Adding Member Functions to a Class | p. 289 |
| Creating a Help Class | p. 292 |
| Constructors and Destructors | p. 298 |
| Parameterized Constructors | p. 300 |
| Adding a Constructor to the Vehicle Class | p. 302 |
| An Initialization Alternative | p. 304 |
| Inline Functions | p. 305 |
| Creating Inline Functions Inside a Class | p. 307 |
| Creating a Queue Class | p. 310 |
| Arrays of Objects | p. 315 |
| Initializing Object Arrays | p. 316 |
| Pointers to Objects | p. 318 |
| Object References | p. 320 |
| Module 8 Mastery Check | p. 320 |
| A Closer Look at Classes | p. 323 |
| Overloading Constructors | p. 324 |
| Assigning Objects | p. 325 |
| Passing Objects to Functions | p. 327 |
| Constructors, Destructors, and Passing Objects | p. 328 |
| Passing Objects by Reference | p. 330 |
| A Potential Problem When Passing Objects | p. 332 |
| Returning Objects | p. 332 |
| Creating and Using a Copy Constructor | p. 335 |
| Friend Functions | p. 338 |
| Structures and Unions | p. 343 |
| Structures | p. 343 |
| Unions | p. 345 |
| The this Keyword | p. 349 |
| Operator Overloading | p. 351 |
| Operator Overloading Using Member Functions | p. 352 |
| Order Matters | p. 355 |
| Using Member Functions to Overload Unary Operators | p. 356 |
| Nonmember Operator Functions | p. 361 |
| Using a Friend to Overload a Unary Operator | p. 365 |
| Operator Overloading Tips and Restrictions | p. 366 |
| Creating a Set Class | p. 368 |
| Module 9 Mastery Check | p. 378 |
| Inheritance, Virtual Functions, and Polymorphism | p. 379 |
| Inheritance Fundamentals | p. 380 |
| Member Access and Inheritance | p. 383 |
| Base Class Access Control | p. 386 |
| Using protected Members | p. 388 |
| Constructors and Inheritance | p. 391 |
| Calling Base Class Constructors | p. 393 |
| Extending the Vehicle Class | p. 398 |
| Creating a Multilevel Hierarchy | p. 401 |
| Inheriting Multiple Base Classes | p. 404 |
| When Constructor and Destructor Functions Are Executed | p. 406 |
| Pointers to Derived Types | p. 408 |
| References to Derived Types | p. 409 |
| Virtual Functions and Polymorphism | p. 409 |
| Virtual Function Fundamentals | p. 409 |
| Virtual Functions Are Inherited | p. 412 |
| Why Virtual Functions? | p. 413 |
| Applying Virtual Functions | p. 414 |
| Pure Virtual Functions and Abstract Classes | p. 419 |
| Module 10 Mastery Check | p. 423 |
| The C++ I/O System | p. 425 |
| Old vs. Modern C++ I/O | p. 426 |
| C++ Streams | p. 426 |
| The C++ Predefined Streams | p. 427 |
| The C++ Stream Classes | p. 428 |
| Overloading the I/O Operators | p. 429 |
| Creating Inserters | p. 429 |
| Using Friend Functions to Overload Inserters | p. 431 |
| Overloading Extractors | p. 432 |
| Formatted I/O | p. 434 |
| Formatting with the ios Member Functions | p. 435 |
| Using I/O Manipulators | p. 440 |
| Creating Your Own Manipulator Functions | p. 443 |
| File I/O | p. 446 |
| Opening and Closing a File | p. 446 |
| Reading and Writing Text Files | p. 448 |
| Unformatted and Binary I/O | p. 450 |
| Reading and Writing Blocks of Data | p. 453 |
| More I/O Functions | p. 454 |
| More Versions of get() | p. 455 |
| getline() | p. 456 |
| Detecting EOF | p. 456 |
| peek() and putback() | p. 456 |
| flush() | p. 457 |
| A File Comparison Utility | p. 457 |
| Random Access | p. 461 |
| Checking I/O Status | p. 464 |
| Module 11 Mastery Check | p. 465 |
| Exceptions, Templates, and Other Advanced Topics | p. 467 |
| Exception Handling | p. 468 |
| Exception Handling Fundamentals | p. 468 |
| Using Multiple catch Statements | p. 473 |
| Catching All Exceptions | p. 476 |
| Specifying Exceptions Thrown by a Function | p. 477 |
| Rethrowing an Exception | p. 478 |
| Templates | p. 480 |
| Generic Functions | p. 481 |
| A Function with Two Generic Types | p. 483 |
| Explicitly Overloading a Generic Function | p. 483 |
| Generic Classes | p. 485 |
| Explicit Class Specializations | p. 488 |
| Creating a Generic Queue Class | p. 490 |
| Dynamic Allocation | p. 494 |
| Initializing Allocated Memory | p. 496 |
| Allocating Arrays | p. 497 |
| Allocating Objects | p. 498 |
| Namespaces | p. 502 |
| Namespace Fundamentals | p. 503 |
| using | p. 506 |
| Unnamed Namespaces | p. 508 |
| The std Namespace | p. 509 |
| static Class Members | p. 510 |
| static Member Variables | p. 510 |
| static Member Functions | p. 512 |
| Runtime Type Identification (RTTI) | p. 514 |
| The Casting Operators | p. 518 |
| dynamic_cast | p. 518 |
| const_cast | p. 519 |
| static_cast | p. 520 |
| reinterpret_cast | p. 520 |
| What Next? | p. 520 |
| Module 12 Mastery Check | p. 521 |
| The Preprocessor | p. 523 |
| #define | p. 524 |
| Function-Like Macros | p. 526 |
| #error | p. 528 |
| #include | p. 528 |
| Conditional Compilation Directives | p. 529 |
| #if, #else, #elif, and #endif | p. 529 |
| #ifdef and #ifndef | p. 531 |
| #undef | p. 532 |
| Using defined | p. 532 |
| #line | p. 533 |
| #pragma | p. 533 |
| The # and ## Preprocessor Operators | p. 534 |
| Predefined Macro Names | p. 535 |
| Working with an Older C++ Compiler | p. 537 |
| Two Simple Changes | p. 539 |
| Index | p. 541 |
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