Can Threatened Languages Be Saved?

PREFACE: Reversing Language Shift; 1. Why is it so hard to save a threatened language? Joshua A. Fishman THE AMERICAS: 2. Reversing Navajo Language Shift, Revisited Tiffany Lee (Stanford Univ) & Daniel McLaughlin (Dine College) 3. How Threatened is the Spanish of New York Puerto Ricans? Ofelia Garcia (Long Island Univ) Jose Luis Morin (City Univ of New York) & Klaudia Rivera (Long Island Univ); 4. A Decade in the Life of a Two-in-One Language - Yiddish in New York City Joshua A. Fishman; 5. Reversing Language Shift in Quebec Richard Y. Bourhis (Universite du Quebec a Montreal); 6. Otomi language shift and some recent efforts to reverse it Yolanda Lastra (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico); 7. Reversing Quechua language shift in South America Nancy H. Hornberger (Univ of Pennsylvania) & Kendall A. King (New York Univ). EUROPE: 8. Irish Language Production and Reproduction 1981-1996 P¡draig " Riag¡in (Institiuid Teangeolaiochta Eireann); 9. A Frisian Update of Reversing Language Shift Durk Gorter (Fryske Academy); 10. Reversing Language Shift: The Case of Basque Maria-Jose Azurmendi (Univ of the Basque Country), Erramun Bachoc (Basque Cultural Institute), Francisca Zabeleta (Public University of Navarre); 11. Catalan A Decade Later Miquel Strubell (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya) . AFRICA AND ASIA: 12. Saving Threatened Languages in Africa: A Case Study of Oko Efurosibina Adegbija (Univ of Ilorin, Nigeria); 13. Andamanese: Biological Challenge for Language Reversal E. Annamalai & V. Gnanasundaram (C.I.I.L, Mysore); 14."Akor Itak"Our Language, Your Language - Ainu in Japan John C. Maher (International Christian Univ, Tokyo); 15. Hebrew After a Century of RLS Efforts Bernard Spolsky (Bar-Illan Univy) & Elana Shohamy (Tel Aviv Univ). THE PACIFIC: 16. Can the Shift from Immigrant Languages be Reversed in Australia? Michael Clyne (Monash Univ); 17. Is the Extinction of Australia's Indigenous Languages Inevitable? Joseph Lo Bianco & Mari Rhydwen (National Language and Literacy Institute of Australia); 18: RLS in Aotearoa/New Zealand 1989-1999 Richard & Nena Benton (Waikato University). CONCLUSIONS: 19: From Theory to Practice (and Vice Versa): Review, Reconsideration and Reiteration Joshua A. Fishman