Chemical Propulsion Systems

Control, Noise, and Pulse Detonation

By: Gabriel Roy

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Hardcover | 11 October 2005

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480 Pages

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Chemical propulsion comprises the science and technology of using chemical reactions of any kind to create thrust and thereby propel a vehicle or object to a desired acceleration and speed. Cumbustion Processes in Propulsion focuses on recent advances in the design of very highly efficient, low-pollution-emitting propulsion systems, as well as advances in testing, diagnostics and analysis. It offers unique coverage of Pulse Detonation Engines, which add tremendous power to jet thrust by combining high pressure with ignition of the air/fuel mixture. Readers will learn about the advances in the reduction of jet noise and toxic fuel emissions-something that is being heavily regulated by relevant government agencies.

Lead editor is one of the world's foremost combustion researchers, with contributions from some of the world's leading researchers in combustion engineering
Covers all major areas of chemical propulsion-from combustion measurement, analysis and simulation, to advanced control of combustion processes, to noise and emission control
Includes important information on advanced technologies for reducing jet engine noise and hazardous fuel combustion emissions

Industry Reviews

"This collection represents the current state-of-the-art in combustion research for air-breathing chemical propulsion. Nearly an equal mix of computational and experimental results are presented from the major players in Pulse Detonation Engines research, providing the reader with a thorough overview of the contemporary technical issues remaining to be resolved in this promising hypersonic air-breathing propulsion technology." - W.L. Roberts and T. D. Scharton, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, NC, USA

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You Can Find This Book In

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Foreword	p. xix
The Editor	p. xxi
Contributors	p. xxiii
Preface	p. xxxi
Introduction	p. xxxiii
Control of Combustion Processes	p. 1
Simultaneous Velocity and Temperature Field Measurements of a Jet Flame	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
Test Arrangement and Results	p. 4
Concluding Remarks	p. 7
Acknowledgments	p. 7
Infrared Absorption Tomography for Active Combustion Control	p. 9
Introduction	p. 9
Absorption Tomography	p. 10
Infrared Absorption and Flow Facility	p. 11
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition	p. 12
Results	p. 14
Concluding Remarks	p. 19
References	p. 19
Deterministic and Probabilistic Approaches for Prediction of Two-Phase Turbulent Flow in Liquid-Fuel Combustors	p. 21
Introduction	p. 21
Direct Numerical Simulation of Countercurrent Shear Flow	p. 22
Probability Density Function Modeling	p. 25
Concluding Remarks	p. 29
Acknowledgments	p. 29
References	p. 29
Large-Scale Simulations of Turbulent Combustion and Propulsion Systems	p. 31
Introduction	p. 31
Theoretical/Computational Approach	p. 32
Results and Discussion	p. 35
Acknowledgments	p. 37
References	p. 37
Direct Simulation of Primary Atomization	p. 39
Introduction	p. 39
Past Work	p. 40
Objectives	p. 42
Methodology	p. 43
Tasks	p. 45
Acknowledgments	p. 46
References	p. 47
Extinction and Relight in Opposed Premixed Flames	p. 49
Introduction	p. 50
Experimental Setup	p. 50
Results	p. 52
Concluding Remarks	p. 61
Acknowledgments	p. 63
References	p. 63
Influence of Markstein Number on the Parametric Acoustic Instability	p. 65
Introduction	p. 65
Experimental Procedure	p. 67
Results	p. 69
Concluding Remarks	p. 72
Acknowledgments	p. 73
References	p. 73
Prevaporized JP-10 Combustion and the Enhanced Production of Turbulence Using Countercurrent Shear	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Prevaporized JP-10 Combustion	p. 76
Combustion Facilities	p. 76
Results and Discussion: Combustion Studies	p. 78
Enhanced Production of Turbulence	p. 80
Shear Layer Facility	p. 81
Results and Discussion: Shear Layer Studies	p. 82
Concluding Remarks	p. 85
Acknowledgments	p. 85
References	p. 85
Mixing Control for Jet Flows	p. 87
Introduction	p. 87
Jet Flow Model and Simulation Techniques	p. 88
Simulation of Open-Loop Jet Flow	p. 91
Destabilization and Mixing of Massless Particles	p. 91
Mixing of Particles with Mass	p. 92
Mixing of Passive Scalar	p. 95
Acknowledgments	p. 95
References	p. 96
Characteristics and Control of a Multiswirl Spray Combustor	p. 97
Introduction	p. 97
Experimental Setup	p. 98
Results and Discussions	p. 98
Particle Image Velocimetry Results	p. 106
Concluding Remarks	p. 106
Acknowledgments	p. 109
References	p. 109
Swirling Jet Systems for Combustion Control	p. 111
Introduction	p. 111
Numerical Simulation Model	p. 113
Swirl Initial Conditions	p. 114
Results and Discussion	p. 115
Concluding Remarks	p. 124
Acknowledgments	p. 125
References	p. 125
Control of Flame Structure in Spray Combustion	p. 129
Introduction	p. 129
Experimental Facility	p. 130
Results	p. 132
Concluding Remarks	p. 135
Acknowledgments	p. 137
References	p. 137
Porous Media Burners for Clean Engines	p. 139
Introduction	p. 139
Experimental Setup	p. 140
Concluding Remarks	p. 143
Acknowledgments	p. 143
References	p. 144
Simulations of a Porous Burner for a Gas Turbine	p. 145
Introduction	p. 145
Numerical Method	p. 146
Results	p. 148
Concluding Remarks	p. 153
Acknowledgments	p. 153
References	p. 153
Characteristics and Control of Combustion Instabilities in a Swirl-Stabilized Spray Combustor	p. 157
Introduction	p. 157
Experimental Setup	p. 158
Results and Discussions	p. 159
Concluding Remarks	p. 167
Acknowledgments	p. 167
References	p. 167
Combustion and Mixing Control Studies for Advanced Propulsion	p. 169
Introduction	p. 169
Vortex-Stabilized Flames and Heat Release	p. 170
Dump Combustor Characterization and Liquid-Fueled Active Control	p. 174
High-Enthalpy Inlet Experiment and Critical Fuel-Flux Model	p. 176
Passive Control of Supersonic Mixing	p. 177
Acknowledgments	p. 179
References	p. 179
Active Pattern Factor Control on an Advanced Combustor	p. 181
Introduction	p. 181
Fuel Delivery System	p. 182
Fuel Control Valves	p. 183
Optical Sensors	p. 185
Computational Results	p. 187
Concluding Remarks	p. 189
Acknowledgments	p. 189
References	p. 190
System Design Methods for Simultaneous Optimal Control of Combustion Instabilities and Efficiency	p. 191
Introduction	p. 191
Pulsed and Subharmonic Control	p. 192
Least-Mean-Square-Based Algorithms	p. 193
Direct Optimization Algorithms	p. 196
Concluding Remarks	p. 199
Acknowledgments	p. 200
References	p. 200
Model-Based Optimal Active Control of Liquid-Fueled Combustion Systems	p. 201
Introduction	p. 201
Shear-Flow Driven Combustion Instability	p. 202
A Recursive Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Algorithm for Flow Control Problems	p. 204
Adaptive Low-Order Posi-Cast Control of a Combustor Test-Rig Model	p. 207
Concluding Remarks	p. 209
Acknowledgments	p. 209
References	p. 209
High-Speed Jet Noise	p. 211
Aeroacoustics and Emissions Studies of Swirling Combustor Flows	p. 213
Introduction	p. 213
Previous Work	p. 214
Preliminary Work	p. 219
Future Plan	p. 220
Concluding Remarks	p. 221
Acknowledgments	p. 221
References	p. 221
Considerations for the Measurement of Very-High-Amplitude Noise Fields	p. 223
Introduction	p. 223
Technical Approach	p. 226
Concluding Remarks	p. 229
Acknowledgments	p. 229
References	p. 230
High-Speed Jet Noise Reduction Using Microjets	p. 231
Introduction	p. 231
Experimental Setup and Procedures	p. 233
Results and Discussion	p. 236
Concluding Remarks	p. 241
Acknowledgments	p. 242
References	p. 242
Acoustic Test Flight Results with Prediction for Military Aircraft During FCLP Mission	p. 245
Introduction	p. 245
Acoustic Flight-Test Preparation	p. 246
Systems Noise Prediction of Flight-Test Points	p. 249
Model-Scale Developments	p. 251
Bluebell Nozzle Application	p. 254
Concluding Remarks and Future Plans	p. 256
Acknowledgments	p. 257
References	p. 258
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Supersonic Jet-Noise Reduction Concepts	p. 259
Introduction	p. 259
Microjet Injection Studies	p. 262
Military Aircraft Model Studies	p. 266
Concluding Remarks	p. 266
Acknowledgments	p. 269
References	p. 269
Pulse Detonation Engines	p. 271
Investigation of Spray Detonation Characteristics Using a Controlled, Homogeneously Seeded, Two-Phase Mixture	p. 273
Introduction	p. 274
Experimental Setup: Tube Seeding	p. 274
Experimental Setup: Detonation Tube	p. 276
Results: Two-Phase Mixture Homogeneity	p. 277
Results: Two-Phase Detonation of Hexane	p. 279
Concluding Remarks	p. 281
Acknowledgments	p. 281
Deflagration-to-Detonation Studies for Multicycle PDE Applications	p. 283
Introduction	p. 284
Experimental Setup	p. 284
Results and Discussion	p. 286
Concluding Remarks	p. 290
Acknowledgments	p. 291
References	p. 291
Initiator Diffraction Limits in a Pulse Detonation Engine	p. 293
Introduction	p. 293
Experimental Setup	p. 296
Results	p. 297
Concluding Remarks	p. 302
Acknowledgments	p. 303
References	p. 303
The Role of Geometrical Factors in Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition	p. 305
Introduction	p. 305
Numerical Studies of Combustion Propagation Regimes	p. 306
Turbulizing Chambers at the Ignition Section	p. 307
Turbulizing Chambers along the Tube	p. 307
Turbulizing Chambers at the Far-End of the Tube	p. 310
Effect of Initial Temperature	p. 311
Concluding Remarks	p. 312
Acknowledgments	p. 313
References	p. 314
Pseudospark-Based Pulse Generator for Corona-Assisted Combustion Experiments	p. 315
Introduction	p. 315
Design	p. 316
Operation	p. 318
Concluding Remarks	p. 320
Acknowledgments	p. 320
References	p. 320
Breakup of Droplets under Shock Impact	p. 321
Introduction	p. 321
Experimental Setup	p. 323
Results	p. 324
Concluding Remarks	p. 327
Acknowledgments	p. 327
References	p. 327
Impulse Production by Injecting Fuel-Rich Combustion Products in Air	p. 329
Introduction	p. 329
Experimental Study	p. 331
Experimental Results	p. 332
Numerical Modeling	p. 334
Discussion	p. 339
Concluding Remarks	p. 339
Acknowledgments	p. 340
Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Dual-Fuel PDE Concept	p. 341
Introduction	p. 341
Liquid-Vapor Phase Equilibrium Curves for Individual Components	p. 342
Calculation of the Total Pressure of Two-Phase System at Isotherms	p. 344
Results of Total Pressure Calculations	p. 346
Calculation of Activity Coefficients and Gas-Phase Composition	p. 347
Ideal Solution Approximation	p. 350
Ternary System Water - Hydrogen Peroxide - Air	p. 351
Ternary System Water - Hydrogen Peroxide - Jet Propulsion Fuel	p. 352
Concluding Remarks	p. 352
Acknowledgments	p. 353
References	p. 353
Thermal Decomposition of JP-10 Studied by Microflow Tube Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry	p. 355
Introduction	p. 355
Experimental Setup	p. 356
Results and Discussion	p. 356
Concluding Remarks	p. 363
Acknowledgments	p. 363
References	p. 363
Laser Diagnostics and Combustion Chemistry for Pulse Detonation Engines	p. 365
Introduction	p. 365
Wavelength-Agile Temperature and Pressure Sensor	p. 366
Propane Sensor	p. 368
Ethylene-Based Active Control	p. 369
Two-Phase Mixture Diagnostic	p. 370
Shock-Tube Studies	p. 371
Concluding Remarks	p. 373
Acknowledgments	p. 375
References	p. 375
Computational Studies of Pulse Detonation Engines	p. 377
Introduction	p. 377
Performance Estimates of an Idealized Pulse Detonation Engine	p. 379
Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis	p. 383
Detonation Transition	p. 385
Multiphase Detonations	p. 386
Concluding Remarks	p. 387
Acknowledgments	p. 387
References	p. 387
Simulation of Direct Initiation of Detonation Using Realistic Finite-Rate Models	p. 389
Introduction	p. 389
Theoretical Model	p. 391
Results and Discussions	p. 393
Concluding Remarks	p. 395
Acknowledgments	p. 396
References	p. 396
System Performance and Thrust Chamber Optimization of Air-Breathing Pulse Detonation Engines	p. 397
Introduction	p. 397
Effect of Nozzle Configuration on PDE Performance	p. 398
Single-Tube Thrust Chamber Dynamics	p. 400
Multitube Thrust Chamber Dynamics	p. 401
Concluding Remarks	p. 405
Acknowledgments	p. 405
References	p. 405
Software Development for Automated Parametric Study and Performance Optimization of Pulse Detonation Engines	p. 407
Introduction	p. 407
Object-Oriented Design	p. 408
Virtual Design Environment	p. 408
Approach and Results	p. 409
Concluding Remarks	p. 412
Acknowledgments	p. 412
References	p. 412
Indices	p. 413
Subject Index	p. 415
Author Index	p. 438
Color Plate	p. I
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Chemical Propulsion Systems

Control, Noise, and Pulse Detonation

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

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