Chemistry of Modern Papermaking

Introduction Acknowledgments References From Wood to Paper: A General View of the Papermaking Process From the Papyrus Era to Modern Times: A Brief History of Making Paper Pulp: The Support for Paper Chemicals Paper Structure and Composition. The Chemistry of Poly-Carbohydrates Synthetic Polymers: Everywhere in Papermaking Process Paper Testing: A Difficult Task References The Fate of Paper Chemicals at the Wet End Friends and Foes at the Wet End Polymers in Heterogeneous Systems Retention Aids References Temporary Wet-Strength Resins A Look at the Paper Wet-Strength Concept The Synthesis of Temporary Wet-Strength Resins: General Chemistry The Synthesis of Polyacrylamide Polyaldehyde Copolymers from Polyacrylamide Paper Wet Strength and Its Decay References Wet-Strength Resins Prepolymer Synthesis Ionic Charge Addition Polyamidoamine Epichlorohydrin Polymers as Wet-Strength Resins WSR Made from Blends Paper Wet-Strengthening Mechanisms Paper Repulpability References. Dry-Strength Resins Involvement of Chemicals in the Dry Strength Mechanism of Paper Anionic Dry-Strength Additives Cationic Dry-Strength Additives Amphoteric Dry-Strength Resins Blends of Anionic and Cationic Resins References. Internal Sizing Agents The Chemistry of Alum in the Papermaking Processes Rosin is Back on the Cellulose Fibers Reactive Internal Size (1): Alkyl Ketene Dimer. Reactive Internal Size (2): Akenyl Succinic Anhydride. Other Chemical Compounds Able to Fit the General Concept for an Internal Sizing Agent References Creping Adhesives and Softeners Creping Adhesives Composition of Creping Adhesives Debonders/Softeners References Chemicals for the Treatment of Paper Surface Surface Sizing Agents Surface Strength Agents Porosity Builders Polymers in Paper Coatings References Index