List of figures | p. viii |
Acknowledgements | p. ix |
Preface | p. x |
Women's stories, women's lives | p. 1 |
Four women's stories | p. 1 |
Cultural messages | p. 8 |
The global village | p. 12 |
Symbolic exchanges | p. 14 |
Reflexive modernity | p. 20 |
Cultural types | p. 21 |
Cultural theory and myths of childbirth | p. 24 |
Conclusion | p. 25 |
The nature of modernity: Society, development and risk | p. 27 |
Social consequences of adjustment and restructuring | p. 28 |
Public health: public trust | p. 32 |
Experiences of childbirth in Africa | p. 36 |
Characterising African rural and urban society | p. 40 |
The reconstruction of childbirth in Africa | p. 45 |
Penetrating the village: the extension of Western ideology in the practices of traditional midwives | p. 53 |
Modern rituals and childbirth practices: ritual confusion | p. 54 |
Conclusion | p. 56 |
Experiences of childbirth in Malaysia | p. 59 |
Persistence and change | p. 60 |
The impact of modernity on Malaysian women in childbirth | p. 65 |
Conclusion | p. 73 |
Experiences of childbirth in America | p. 74 |
American women's lives | p. 75 |
The egalitarian struggle for authenticity | p. 77 |
Fast birth: time as the dominant paradigm | p. 80 |
Birth territory: where women birth | p. 81 |
Concluding comment | p. 98 |
Experiences of childbirth in England | p. 100 |
Hierarchical and egalitarian: opposing approaches to childbirth | p. 104 |
Risk approach to childbirth: hierarchist model | p. 104 |
Reconstructing relative risks | p. 109 |
Why did childbirth have to change?: one woman's experience | p. 110 |
Striving for egalitarianism | p. 113 |
The beginnings of change | p. 115 |
The changing experience of women | p. 115 |
Symbolic exchanges: recreating childbirth and midwifery | p. 116 |
Strategies of re-creation | p. 118 |
Conclusion | p. 123 |
Symbolic exchanges in childbirth: Reflections from the case studies | p. 125 |
Symbolic exchanges in childbirth: the influence of science and medicine | p. 126 |
Furthering the numerical paradigm: 'measuring' the risk of childbirth | p. 127 |
The struggle for a place in the global village | p. 133 |
The context of the global village | p. 136 |
Traditional reliance on inherited and orally transmitted knowledge | p. 137 |
Modernity: when non-traditional health, education and social supports are available and relied upon more than the traditional | p. 140 |
Discussion | p. 143 |
Conclusion | p. 146 |
Cultural implications for midwifery education and practice | p. 148 |
Global interconnectedness: local reframing | p. 148 |
The cultural implications of modernity for the education and training of midwifery practitioners | p. 149 |
Midwifery education and practice: sociocultural determinants | p. 151 |
Making midwives: traditional birth attendant training | p. 153 |
Knowledge production in development ideology | p. 156 |
Making midwives in the modern world: cultural implications for professional programmes | p. 161 |
Concluding discussion: in place of development: dialogue not training | p. 162 |
The midwifery curriculum: A selection from culture? | p. 164 |
Curriculum as a selection from culture: from content and hierarchist perspectives | p. 164 |
The hierarchist model of education: curriculum as content: education as transmission | p. 175 |
Reflecting on distance education | p. 177 |
The case for indigenous knowledge | p. 178 |
Curriculum as process and education as development: education through social action and interaction | p. 179 |
Midwives' stories as vehicles for symbolic exchange: learning from situated knowledge | p. 182 |
In summary | p. 183 |
There and back again: The ripples on the pond | p. 184 |
What do the stories tell us? | p. 186 |
Concerning cultural types and myths of nature | p. 189 |
Reflecting on the research | p. 196 |
Bibliography | p. 199 |
Index | p. 223 |
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