Crystal Structure - Species - Crystallisation | p. 1 |
The Crystal Structure of Clay Minerals | p. 1 |
The Elementary Structure Level: the Layer | p. 2 |
Crystal - Particle - Aggregate | p. 19 |
Identification Keys for Simple and Mixed-Layer Species of Clay Minerals | p. 32 |
Nucleation and Crystal Growth: Principles | p. 35 |
Basics | p. 35 |
Nucleation and the First Growth Stages of Clay Minerals | p. 42 |
Growth of Clay Minerals | p. 47 |
Ripening Process | p. 52 |
Growth of Mixed Crystals and Particles | p. 57 |
Crystal Chemistry of Clay Minerals | p. 61 |
Solid Solutions | p. 61 |
Introduction | p. 61 |
The concept of Solid Solution Applied to Phyllosilicates | p. 63 |
Experimental Study of Solid Solutions | p. 78 |
Solid Solutions in Nature | p. 82 |
Mixed Layered Minerals | p. 92 |
Introduction | p. 92 |
Crystallochemistry of Mixed-Layer Minerals | p. 93 |
Composition of the Most Common Mixed-Layer Minerals | p. 98 |
Energy Balances: Thermodynamics - Kinetics | p. 107 |
Thermodynamics of Equilibrium | p. 107 |
Introduction | p. 107 |
Free Energy of Formation of Clay Minerals | p. 108 |
Equilibria Between Simple Minerals Without Solid Solutions | p. 118 |
Equilibria Between Solid Solutions | p. 127 |
Qualitative Construction of Phase Diagrams | p. 133 |
Kinetics of Mineral Reactions | p. 141 |
Introduction | p. 141 |
Fundamental Laws of Kinetics | p. 143 |
Kinetics of the Montmorillonite to Illite Reaction | p. 149 |
Isotopic Composition of Clay Minerals | p. 153 |
Stable Isotopes | p. 153 |
Isotopic Fractionation | p. 154 |
Water - Clay Mineral Interactions | p. 161 |
The isotopic Composition of Clays of the Weathering - Sedimentation Cycle | p. 165 |
Isotopic Composition of Clays Under Diagenetic Conditions | p. 170 |
Isotopic Composition of Clays in Active Geothermal Systems | p. 175 |
Radioactive Isotopes | p. 178 |
Datation Principle: Closed System | p. 178 |
Disturbances Due to the Opening of the System | p. 182 |
Mixtures of Phases | p. 185 |
Datation and Crystal Growth | p. 186 |
Surface Properties - Behaviour Rules - Microtextures | p. 191 |
Chemical Properties | p. 191 |
Structure of Clay Minerals at Various Scales | p. 192 |
The Different States of Water in Clay Materials | p. 196 |
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) | p. 207 |
Anion Exchange Capacity (AEC) | p. 212 |
Layer Charge and CEC | p. 213 |
Physical Properties | p. 215 |
Specific Surface | p. 215 |
Surface Electric Charge Density | p. 219 |
Rheological and Mechanical Properties | p. 224 |
Clays in Soils and Weathered Rocks | p. 231 |
Atmospheric and Seawater Weathering | p. 231 |
Introduction | p. 231 |
Mechanisms of Formation of Clay Minerals | p. 232 |
Weathered Rocks | p. 245 |
Soils | p. 273 |
Clays in Soils | p. 273 |
Soils in Cold or Temperate Climates | p. 282 |
Soils in Tropical Climate | p. 284 |
Soils in Arid or Semi-Arid Climates | p. 289 |
Soils on Volcanoclastic Rocks | p. 291 |
Clays in Sedimentary Environments | p. 295 |
Mineral Inheritance | p. 295 |
Transport and Deposit | p. 295 |
Detrital Signature in Marine Sediments | p. 303 |
Neogenesis | p. 307 |
Magnesian Clays: Sepiolite, Palygorskite, Stevensite, Saponite | p. 307 |
Dioctahedral Smectites | p. 312 |
Ferric Illite and Glauconite | p. 320 |
Berthierine, Odinite and Chamosite (Verdine and Oolitic Ironstone Facies) | p. 325 |
Diagenesis and Very Low-Grade Metamorphism | p. 329 |
Sedimentary Series | p. 329 |
Parameters of Diagenesis | p. 330 |
Smectite to Illite Transformation in Clay Sediments | p. 338 |
Transformations of Other Clay Minerals | p. 354 |
From Diagenesis to Very Low-Grade Metamorphism | p. 361 |
Volcanic Rocks | p. 365 |
Diagenesis of Ash and Vitreous Rock Deposits | p. 366 |
Diagenesis - Very Low-Grade Metamorphism of Basalts | p. 369 |
Di- and Trioctahedral Mixed-Layer Minerals | p. 372 |
Hydrothermal Process - Thermal Metamorphism | p. 379 |
Fossil and Present-Day Geothermal Fields | p. 379 |
Geological and Dynamic Structure of Geothermal Fields | p. 380 |
Precipitation and Reaction of Clays in Geothermal Fields | p. 390 |
Acid Hydrothermal Systems | p. 394 |
Geothermal Systems with Seawater (Alkaline Type) | p. 399 |
Small-Sized Hydrothermal Systems | p. 404 |
Thermal Metamorphism of Clay Formations | p. 406 |
Hydrothermal Veins | p. 410 |
Clays Under Extreme Conditions | p. 417 |
Experimental Conditions | p. 417 |
High-Temperature and High-Pressure Clays | p. 417 |
Clays Under Extreme Chemical Conditions | p. 420 |
Clays Under Irradiation Conditions | p. 423 |
Natural Environments | p. 423 |
High Temperatures: Post-Magmatic Crystallisation | p. 424 |
High Pressures: Subduction Zones | p. 426 |
Metamorphism: Retrograde Path | p. 428 |
Very Low Pressures: Extraterrestrial Objects | p. 429 |
Clays and the Origin of Life | p. 430 |
References | p. 433 |
Index | p. 467 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |