Coherent Radar System Performance Estimation

By: James A. Scheer (Editor), James L. Kurtz (Editor)

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Hardcover | 1 December 1993

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Hardcover
464 Pages

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24.13 x 16.51 x 3.18

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This book provides you with a complete understanding of error effects in coherent systems. Covering performance issues never before addressed in one source, it places special emphasis on phase noise effects and detection of targets in clutter. Supported by 196 illustrations, 260 equations, and 150 references.

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communications Engineering Communications Engineering & Telecommunications Radar Technology Radio Technology

Preface	p. xiii
Introduction to Coherent Radar Systems	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Noncoherent Systems	p. 1
Coherent Systems	p. 2
I/Q Detection	p. 3
Processing of the Phase Information	p. 5
Processes Employed--Coherent System Applications	p. 7
Integration	p. 7
Moving Target Indication	p. 8
Fourier Transform Processing	p. 9
Pulse Compression	p. 10
Other Coherent Processing Techniques	p. 11
System Performance Analysis--Radar System Measures of Performance	p. 12
Thermal Noise	p. 13
Other Contaminants	p. 15
Stability and Stable Sources	p. 27
Stability	p. 27
Time Domain Representation	p. 28
Frequency Domain Descriptions	p. 29
Time-Frequency Conversion	p. 32
Stable Sources	p. 34
Oscillator Phase Noise Models	p. 34
Transistor Oscillators	p. 37
Crystal Oscillators	p. 38
Saw Oscillators	p. 39
Dielectric Resonator Oscillators	p. 43
YIG Oscillators	p. 46
Gunn Oscillators	p. 46
Stable Klystron Oscillators	p. 47
Frequency Multipliers	p. 48
Phase-Locked Oscillators	p. 49
Direct Digital Synthesis	p. 51
Frequency Conversion	p. 52
Noise Degeneration	p. 54
Effects of I/Q Errors	p. 61
Ideal I/Q Detection	p. 61
Gain Error Effects	p. 63
Effect of Nonorthogonality	p. 63
DC Offset	p. 64
Quantitative Examples	p. 64
Possible Corrective Techniques	p. 66
Timing Jitter Effects	p. 69
A/D Conversion Effects	p. 73
Introduction	p. 73
Time Quantization and Aliasing	p. 73
Amplitude Quantization Noise	p. 76
Saturation	p. 76
Optimization of Signal Level Into an A/D Converter	p. 78
Smallest Signal Case	p. 78
Largest Signal Case	p. 78
A/D Converter Performance Measures	p. 79
Effective Bits	p. 79
Signal-to-Noise Ratio	p. 83
Nonlinear Effects in Fourier Transform Processing	p. 85
Discrete Fourier Transform Basics	p. 86
DFT Response to a Sinusoid	p. 87
Effect of Data Errors	p. 90
Amplitude Errors	p. 91
Phase Errors	p. 93
Summary	p. 96
Motion Compensation Fundamentals	p. 101
Phase Correction	p. 102
Range and Doppler Errors Due to Uncompensated Motion	p. 103
Radar Mapping Geometry	p. 104
Effect of Uncompensated Motion in SAR Processing	p. 105
Uncompensated Motion in DBS Processing	p. 106
Stepped-Frequency Range Profiling	p. 107
Motion Compensation Implementation	p. 108
Conventional Motion Compensation Systems	p. 108
Range Migration	p. 110
Autofocus	p. 111
MTI Systems	p. 113
Introduction	p. 113
MTI System Architecture	p. 114
MTI Block Diagram	p. 114
Coherent-on-Receive Systems	p. 115
MOPA	p. 118
Definition of MTI Spectral Performance	p. 118
Radar Signal Spectrum	p. 118
Delay Canceler Clutter Filter Spectral Performance	p. 120
Definition of Terms Associated With MTI Performance	p. 124
Clutter Improvement Performance Limitations for Coherent MTI Systems	p. 125
Antenna Scan Modulation	p. 127
Amplitude Limiting	p. 129
A/D Noise	p. 129
Timing Jitter	p. 131
PRF Stagger	p. 132
Phase Noise	p. 133
Example Calculations of MTI System Clutter Improvement Performance	p. 137
Pulsed Doppler Radar	p. 145
Overview of Pulsed Doppler Radar	p. 145
Types of Pulsed Doppler Radar	p. 145
Range and Velocity Ambiguities	p. 147
Fundamentals of Doppler Radar Performance Estimation	p. 149
Clutter Distribution in Range and Doppler	p. 151
Clutter-Limited Versus Noise-Limited Performance	p. 157
Coherent Performance Degradation	p. 158
Performance Degradation Due to Imperfect Coherence	p. 158
Source Instability and Spurious Signal Generation	p. 161
Diagnosis of Spurious Signals	p. 167
Pulse Doppler Performance Estimation	p. 169
Phase Noise Modeling	p. 169
Phase Noise Effects on Pulse Doppler	p. 172
Approximate Estimation of Phase Noise Effects	p. 175
Numerical Example--Airborne Radar, HPRF Waveform	p. 177
Fill Pulse Requirements	p. 180
System Performance Issues	p. 180
Clutter Fill	p. 181
Filter Transient Effects	p. 183
Pulse Compression Waveforms and Error Effects	p. 187
Introduction	p. 187
Pulse Compression Waveforms	p. 187
Concept and Characteristics of Matched Filter Receiver	p. 188
Linear FM Chirp Waveform Characteristics	p. 192
Weighting Functions	p. 193
Nonlinear FM Pulse Compression Waveforms	p. 195
Pulse Compression Phase-Shift-Keyed Waveforms	p. 196
Coherent Pulse Compression Waveform Generation and Processing	p. 198
Error Effects in Pulse Compression	p. 203
Linear FM Pulse Compression Amplitude and Phase Error Effects	p. 203
Ambiguity Functions	p. 210
Frequency Error Effects in Linear and Nonlinear FM Pulse Compression	p. 213
Time-Delay Error Effects in FM Pulse Compression	p. 214
Frequency, Phase, and Time-Delay Error Effects in PSK Waveforms	p. 216
Examples of Pulse Compression Component Error Effects	p. 218
Traveling Wave Tube Transmitter Error Effects	p. 218
Surface Acoustic Wave Device Errors	p. 229
Stepped-Frequency and ISAR Imaging Systems	p. 233
Introduction	p. 233
Stepped-Frequency Waveform	p. 234
SFWF Radar Configuration	p. 236
Stepped-Frequency HRR Process	p. 238
Range Ambiguities in SFWF	p. 240
Selection of [delta]F	p. 245
Dynamic Range-Weighting Functions	p. 246
Effects of Radial Velocity on the SFWF	p. 249
Sinusoidal Motion Effects	p. 253
Effects of I/Q Errors on SFWF	p. 257
Thermal Noise and Phase Noise Effects	p. 259
Effects of Nonuniform Frequency Step on SFWF	p. 263
Frequency (Phase) Stability Requirements	p. 265
Polarization Isolation Effects	p. 266
Other Factors To Consider	p. 268
Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar	p. 269
ISAR Crossrange Process	p. 270
Crossrange Sampling Criteria--Selection of PRF	p. 274
Effects of Errors on ISAR Imaging	p. 275
SFWF and ISAR Image Process (2D Images)	p. 275
Target Radial (Translational) Velocity Effects on 2D Imaging	p. 279
Target Angular Velocity Effects	p. 280
Effects of Errors on SFWF-ISAR (2D) Imaging	p. 282
Summary	p. 285
Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave Systems	p. 289
Introduction	p. 289
FMCW Waveform Design Tradeoffs	p. 291
Sensitivity in FMCW Radar	p. 296
Thermal Noise	p. 298
Antenna Reflection FM Noise Power Calculation	p. 298
Circulator Leakage	p. 301
Mixer LO Leakage FM Noise Power Calculation	p. 302
Range Resolution	p. 303
Ideal Range Resolution	p. 303
Effective Processed Transmit Bandwidth	p. 303
Constant Modulation Period	p. 305
Constant Beat Frequency	p. 306
Frequency Sweep Linearity	p. 308
Coherent Tracking	p. 315
Reasons for Coherent Tracking	p. 315
Target in Clutter Background	p. 315
Exploitation of Doppler Spectrum	p. 316
Continuous Wave	p. 316
Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave	p. 317
Pulsed Coherent Radar Systems	p. 317
Moving Targe Indication Radars	p. 318
MTI Range Tracking	p. 320
MTI Angle Tracking	p. 320
CW and Pulse-Doppler Radar	p. 321
Doppler Tracking	p. 322
Range and Velocity Tracking in Pulse-Doppler Radar	p. 326
Angle Tracking With Doppler Radar	p. 326
Tracking in Doppler, Range, and Angle	p. 327
Target Detection	p. 327
Target Acquisition	p. 328
Effect of PRF on Tracking With Pulse-Doppler Radar	p. 329
Factors Affecting Coherent Tracking of Targets	p. 329
Radar-Dependent Errors	p. 330
Environmental Constraints on Coherent Tracking	p. 335
Target Constraints on Coherent Tracking	p. 340
Phase Noise Testing	p. 345
Introduction	p. 345
Phase Noise	p. 345
Phase Noise Measurement Techniques	p. 346
Direct Spectrum Measurements	p. 346
Phase Detector Measurements	p. 347
Discriminator Measurements	p. 351
Additive or Residual Noise Measurements	p. 354
Reference Source Considerations	p. 355
Measurement Example	p. 357
Pulsed TWT Amplifier Additive Phase Noise Measurement	p. 357
Instrumentation Setup	p. 358
Example Phase Noise Test Results	p. 361
Noise Floor Measurement	p. 363
General Comments on Phase Noise Measurements	p. 363
Summary	p. 364
Radar Component and Subsystem Tests	p. 369
Approach and Emphasis	p. 369
Transmitter/Exciter Testing	p. 369
Amplifier, Mixer, and Filter Testing	p. 375
Quadrature Detector Tests	p. 377
Quadrature Detector Operation	p. 377
Model of Quadrature Detector Errors	p. 379
Quadrature Detector Tests	p. 382
Error Correction	p. 383
A/D Converter Tests	p. 387
Test Considerations	p. 388
A/D Dynamic Tests	p. 390
Digital Signal Processor Tests	p. 393
Digital Signal Processor Waveform Sampling Considerations	p. 393
DSP Testing Considerations	p. 394
Coherent Radar System Tests: Techniques, Considerations, and Equipment	p. 399
Radar System Tests Introduction	p. 399
Levels of Testing: Requirements and Considerations	p. 400
Space Excitation Testing	p. 400
Closed-Loop Radar Testing	p. 403
Signal Injection Testing	p. 403
Signal Generation Equipment for Injection and Other Testing Techniques	p. 406
Radar Waveform Generation and Simulation Techniques	p. 406
Arbitrary Waveform Generators and Digital Waveform Generation	p. 409
Direct Digital Synthesis Test Techniques	p. 411
Digital RF Memories	p. 415
Tape Recorders and Tape Playback	p. 417
Playback	p. 418
Summary	p. 419
Glossary	p. 421
Index	p. 435
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Coherent Radar System Performance Estimation

At a Glance

Hardcover

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How to return your order

Defective items

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