List of Contributors | p. xi |
Acknowledgements | p. xvii |
Preface | p. xix |
Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs): Histories, Perspectives and Issues | |
Collaborative Virtual Environments: Digital Spaces and Places for CSCW: An Introduction | p. 3 |
Introduction | p. 3 |
Collaborative Virtual Environments: Some Considerations | p. 5 |
Themes Covered in the Book | p. 13 |
Summary | p. 17 |
Technical Issues and System Challenges | |
Extending the Limits of Collaborative Virtual Environments | p. 21 |
Introduction | p. 21 |
Support for Awareness of Other People | p. 24 |
Support for Multiple Media | p. 28 |
Support for Scalability | p. 35 |
Summary and Conclusion | p. 41 |
System Challenges for Collaborative Virtual Environments | p. 44 |
Introduction | p. 44 |
Collaborative Virtual Environments | p. 45 |
Structures for Modelling VEs | p. 48 |
Conclusion | p. 54 |
Understanding the Network Requirements of Collaborative Virtual Environments | p. 56 |
Introduction | p. 56 |
User Behaviour | p. 57 |
Process Behaviour | p. 61 |
Distribution Architecture | p. 64 |
Communication Protocol | p. 66 |
Network Topology | p. 70 |
Conclusions | p. 74 |
Bodies, Presences and Interactions | |
"He's Behind You": The Experience of Presence in Shared Virtual Environments | p. 77 |
Introduction | p. 77 |
The Ethnographic Study | p. 78 |
Presence in Electronic Environments | p. 79 |
Supporting Presence through Intersubjectivity and Learnability | p. 93 |
Developing Engagement Properties | p. 95 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 98 |
All That Is Solid Melts Into Software | p. 99 |
Collaborative Virtual Environments Using Symbolic Acting | p. 99 |
Symbolic Acting in Action | p. 102 |
Results and Re-Design | p. 108 |
Conclusions and Future Work | p. 113 |
Virtually Missing the Point: Configuring CVEs for Object-Focused Interaction | p. 115 |
Introduction | p. 115 |
Objects, Interaction and VR | p. 116 |
Approach | p. 118 |
Furniture World: An Initial Investigation | p. 121 |
Duplication World: Extending Actions and Views | p. 126 |
Discussion | p. 133 |
Sharing Context in CVEs--Or "I Know What I See, But What Do You See?" | |
How Not To Be Objective | p. 143 |
Introduction | p. 143 |
Populated Information Terrains | p. 143 |
Subjectivity | p. 145 |
Creating a Subjective Environment | p. 149 |
A Subjective Application | p. 152 |
Discussion | p. 157 |
Summary | p. 158 |
Supporting Flexible Roles in a Shared Space | p. 160 |
Introduction | p. 160 |
Kansas | p. 162 |
Two Examples | p. 165 |
Awareness and WYSIWITYS | p. 167 |
Capabilities in the User Interface | p. 169 |
User Interfaces to Dynamic Capability Acquisition | p. 173 |
Conclusions | p. 176 |
So, Now We're In A CVE, What Do We Do? | |
Designing Interactive Collaborative Environments | p. 179 |
Introduction | p. 179 |
Electronic Landscapes--The Web Planetarium | p. 180 |
A 3D Collaborative Storytelling Tool: From Blob to Klump | p. 186 |
Supervisory Robot Control and Mixed Reality | p. 193 |
Potential Techniques for Spatial Interaction in Multi-User Surround Display Environments | p. 197 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 199 |
Designing to Support Collaborative Scientific Research Across Distances: The nanoManipulator Environment | p. 202 |
Introduction | p. 202 |
The Scientific Research Context | p. 203 |
Design to Support Collaborative Cognitive Work Across Distances | p. 212 |
Design Verification and Refinement: Guidance from Social Awareness Literature | p. 218 |
Evaluation | p. 219 |
Conclusion | p. 221 |
Tele-Immersive Collaboration in the CAVE Research Network | p. 225 |
Introduction | p. 225 |
Tele-Immersion | p. 227 |
Current Applications | p. 232 |
Lessons Learned | p. 235 |
New Challenges | p. 238 |
Summary | p. 242 |
The Emerging and Existing Cultures of CVE Communities | |
Designing an Emergent Culture of Negotiation in Collaborative Virtual Communities: The DomeCityMOO Simulation | p. 247 |
Introduction | p. 247 |
Communication in Virtual Spaces | p. 248 |
Culture and Collaborative Virtual Community Design | p. 250 |
The DomeCityMOO | p. 252 |
Power Negotiation and Collaboration in DomeCityMOO | p. 259 |
Conclusions | p. 261 |
Lessons Learned for CVE Designers About Emergent Culture and Negotiation | p. 262 |
Next Steps for Culture and Collaborative Virtual Community Design | p. 263 |
Waterfall Glen: Social Virtual Reality at Work | p. 265 |
Introduction | p. 265 |
The Waterfall Glen Project | p. 265 |
Observations | p. 275 |
Summary | p. 280 |
The Role of the Personal in Social Workspaces: Reflections on Working in AlphaWorld | p. 282 |
Introduction | p. 282 |
The AlphaWorld Virtual Office | p. 284 |
Beyond Encounters | p. 289 |
Conclusions | p. 295 |
References | p. 297 |
Index | p. 313 |
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