Communications Technology Guide for Business

By: Richard Downey, Philip Walsh, Sean Boland

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Hardcover | 1 December 1997

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Hardcover
440 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
23.77 x 16.15 x 2.92

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$345.75

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Here's a broad, integrated view of existing communications technologies available world-wide -- including the Internet and Web, digital mobile telephony, ISDN, SMDS, frame relay, and ATM -- from a practical business perspective. Covering both private and public networks, the book offers a basic explanation of a wide range of technologies and describes their underlying principles and features, as well as the factors that differentiate them. The guide also showcases typical applications, exposes inherent limitations, explains pricing and methods of comparison, and discusses security pitfalls and protection systems.

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Non-Fiction Business & Management Business Communication & Presentation Computing & I.T.Digital Lifestyle & Online World: Consumer & User Guides Internet Guides & Online Services Information Technology General Issue Management & Management Techniques Engineering & Technology Electronics & Communications Engineering Communications Engineering & Telecommunications Computer Science

Business Mathematics & Systems Reference, Information & Interdisciplinary Subjects Encyclopaedias & Reference Works Reference Works Computer Networking & Communications Industry & Industrial Studies

Preface	p. xxi
Acknowledgments	p. xxv
Technology
Communication Services and Networks	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Function of Communications Technology	p. 2
Types of Connectivity	p. 2
Cost of Connectivity	p. 2
Scope of Connectivity	p. 3
Communications Technology and Business	p. 4
Some Communication-Enabled Companies	p. 5
Developing Communication Solutions	p. 8
References	p. 9
Communication Principles	p. 11
Introduction	p. 11
Analog and Digital	p. 11
Bandwidth	p. 12
Conversion of Information Into Digital Format	p. 12
Bandwidth Requirements	p. 15
Digital and Analog Compared	p. 15
Networks	p. 17
Communication Links	p. 17
Communication Media	p. 18
Switches, Routers, and Nodes	p. 22
Network Topology	p. 23
Public Networks	p. 25
Examples of Public Networks	p. 25
Characteristics of Switched Public Networks	p. 26
Access to Public Networks	p. 27
Standards	p. 28
References	p. 29
PBXs	p. 31
Introduction	p. 31
A Key Component in any Communications Strategy	p. 32
PBXs, Key Systems, and Hybrids	p. 32
PBXs Versus the PSTN	p. 32
PBX Structure	p. 33
Analog Versus Digital	p. 33
Telephones (Stations)	p. 34
Cabling	p. 35
Switching	p. 35
Processor	p. 36
Trunks	p. 36
PBX Networking	p. 38
Break In and Break Out	p. 38
Mixed Networks	p. 39
Signaling Between PBXs	p. 40
General PBX Features	p. 41
User Features	p. 41
System Features	p. 41
PSTN Facilities	p. 43
Advanced Features	p. 44
Automatic Call Distribution	p. 44
Wireless Capability	p. 44
Voice Messaging	p. 45
Voice Mail	p. 45
Direct Inward System Access	p. 46
Data Communications Over PBX	p. 46
Computer Telephony Integration	p. 47
ISDN Capability	p. 48
Network Management	p. 49
Feature Administration	p. 49
PBX Security	p. 49
PBX Dimensioning	p. 51
Number of Extensions	p. 51
Number of Trunks	p. 51
Traffic (Erlangs and CCS)	p. 52
Processor Capacity	p. 53
Power Supply Requirements	p. 53
Reference	p. 54
Local Area Networks	p. 55
Introduction	p. 55
Benefits of a LAN	p. 55
Connectivity	p. 55
Resource Sharing	p. 56
Information Sharing--The Key Benefit	p. 56
File and Record Locking	p. 57
LAN Types	p. 57
Ethernet and Token Ring	p. 57
Radio LANs	p. 58
Parts of a LAN	p. 59
Cabling	p. 59
Structured Cabling	p. 62
Repeaters	p. 62
Workstations	p. 63
Network Interface Cards	p. 64
Terminal Server	p. 64
Servers	p. 64
Software	p. 66
Network Operating System	p. 66
The LAN Requester	p. 67
Application Software	p. 68
The Development of Client/Server Computing	p. 68
Hierarchical Versus Peer to Peer	p. 70
Network Management	p. 70
The Functions of the Network Manager	p. 70
Simple Network Management Protocol	p. 71
Shared Resources	p. 71
Increasing LAN Capacity	p. 72
Local Bridges	p. 72
Switching	p. 73
High-Speed LANs	p. 73
References	p. 75
Further Reading	p. 76
The Telephone Network	p. 77
Introduction	p. 77
Transmission	p. 78
Time-Division Multiplexing	p. 79
European Transmission Systems	p. 80
Other Transmission Systems	p. 81
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy	p. 81
Transmission Media	p. 82
The Switching Network	p. 83
Introduction	p. 83
Exchange Layout	p. 83
Analog Exchanges	p. 86
Digital Exchanges	p. 87
Switching Hierarchy	p. 89
Signaling	p. 90
The Local Access Network	p. 94
Traditional Layout	p. 94
Radio in the Access Network	p. 97
Optical Fiber in the Local Network	p. 99
Cable Television	p. 100
References	p. 101
Further Reading	p. 101
ISDN	p. 103
Introduction	p. 103
Definition	p. 104
Interpretation of Definition	p. 104
Access to the ISDN	p. 106
Channel Types	p. 106
Basic Rate Access	p. 107
Primary Rate Access	p. 108
Terms and Explanations	p. 109
Reference Configuration	p. 109
Network Termination Type 1	p. 109
Network Termination Type 2	p. 110
Terminal Adapter	p. 110
Terminal Equipment	p. 111
S-Bus	p. 112
Power for NTs and TAs	p. 113
ISDN Services	p. 113
Bearer Services	p. 113
Teleservices	p. 115
Supplementary Services	p. 115
Applications	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Speech and Audio Applications	p. 119
Remote Access and Internet Access	p. 121
LAN Interconnection	p. 123
Video telephony	p. 124
File Transfer	p. 124
Group 4 Facsimile	p. 125
Database Indexing	p. 125
Interworking	p. 126
ISDN-PSTN Interworking	p. 126
ISDN-X.25 Interworking	p. 127
International ISDN Interworking	p. 129
ISDN Development and Deployment	p. 130
Development of an ISDN Network	p. 130
Functionality	p. 133
References	p. 134
Public Data Networks	p. 137
Introduction	p. 137
Uses of Data Networks	p. 137
Data Over the PSTN	p. 139
Leased Lines	p. 139
Digital Leased Line Speeds	p. 140
Leased Line Reliability	p. 140
Data Networks in General	p. 141
Variety of Data Network Types	p. 141
Nature of Data Traffic	p. 141
Packet-, Frame-, and Cell-Switched Networks	p. 142
Circuit-Switched Networks	p. 143
Understanding Data Networks	p. 143
Logical Channels	p. 143
Virtual Circuits	p. 144
Communication Protocols	p. 145
Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services	p. 148
X.25 Packet-Switched Networks	p. 149
Background	p. 149
Direct Connections	p. 149
Connecting a LAN to an X.25 Network	p. 151
Connecting Mainframes to X.25 Networks	p. 152
Charging	p. 152
Typical Uses of X.25 Networks	p. 153
Other Features and Facilities of X.25 Networks	p. 153
Frame Relay	p. 154
Background	p. 154
Basic Concepts	p. 154
Typical Setup	p. 157
Sample Application and Cost Calculation	p. 158
Switched Multimegabit Digital Service	p. 159
Background	p. 159
Applications	p. 160
Connection to an SMDS Network	p. 161
SMDS Versus Frame Relay	p. 161
Asynchronous Transfer Mode	p. 162
Background	p. 162
Network Operation	p. 163
VSAT Networks	p. 166
Types of VSAT Networks	p. 166
Security of Public Data Networks	p. 167
References	p. 168
Further Reading	p. 168
The Internet	p. 169
Background	p. 169
Connecting to the Internet	p. 170
The Single User Connection	p. 170
Corporate Connections to the Internet	p. 171
Network Operation	p. 173
A Network of Networks	p. 173
ISPs and Backbones	p. 173
Bandwidth	p. 174
Other IP Networks	p. 174
Internet Applications	p. 174
World Wide Web	p. 174
Email	p. 178
Telnet	p. 178
News Groups	p. 178
Voice and Video	p. 179
Fax	p. 179
Internet VPNs	p. 180
Intranets	p. 180
Addresses and Domain Names	p. 181
Security	p. 182
Firewalls	p. 182
Access Control	p. 183
Encryption	p. 183
References	p. 185
Further Reading	p. 185
Mobile Communication	p. 187
Introduction	p. 187
Mobile Phones and Cordless Phones	p. 187
Mobile Versus Wire Lines	p. 188
History	p. 188
Developing Countries	p. 189
Principles	p. 190
Radio Communication Jargon	p. 190
The Cellular Concept	p. 193
Analog Versus Digital	p. 196
Speech Quality	p. 197
Charging	p. 198
Coverage	p. 199
Security	p. 199
Network Services	p. 200
Roaming	p. 200
Data and Fax	p. 203
Short Message Service	p. 204
Video	p. 205
Vehicle Tracking	p. 205
Handset Technologies	p. 205
Handset Features	p. 205
Hands-Free Operation	p. 206
Power Class	p. 206
Batteries	p. 206
Networks Technologies	p. 207
Europe	p. 207
United States	p. 209
Japan	p. 211
Cordless Telephony	p. 212
Mobile Data Networks	p. 214
Satellite-Based Mobile Communications	p. 217
Paging	p. 218
European Radio Messaging Service	p. 219
Satellite-Based Paging Systems	p. 219
References	p. 219
Value-Added Services	p. 221
Value-Added Services	p. 221
Information-Access Services	p. 221
Freephone	p. 221
Videotext	p. 223
Premium-Rate Services	p. 223
Online Databases	p. 224
Messaging and Transactional Services	p. 224
Electronic Mail	p. 224
Electronic Data Interchange	p. 227
Electronic Funds Transfer	p. 229
Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale	p. 229
Voice Mail	p. 229
Fax Store and Forward	p. 230
Virtual Private Networks	p. 230
Benefits of VPNs	p. 231
Centrex	p. 232
Intelligent Network	p. 233
Operation of an IN	p. 234
Advantages of IN	p. 235
References	p. 235
Communication Equipment	p. 237
Introduction	p. 237
Modems	p. 237
Fax-Modems	p. 238
Modem Standards	p. 239
Modem Speeds	p. 240
Data Compression	p. 242
Error-Correcting Modems	p. 243
Selecting a Modem	p. 243
Multiplexers	p. 248
Time-Division Multiplexers	p. 248
Statistical Multiplexers	p. 250
Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation to Voice	p. 251
Speech Quality Issues	p. 251
Network Terminating Unit	p. 253
Ownership	p. 254
T1 CSU/DSUs and E1 NTUs	p. 254
Communication Equipment for Mainframe Computers	p. 255
Compression Equipment	p. 256
Video Communication	p. 258
Standards	p. 259
Multiparty Conferences	p. 261
Leasing of Videoconferencing Facilities	p. 261
Type Approval	p. 262
References	p. 262
LAN Interconnect	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
Internetwork	p. 265
LAN-Interconnect Equipment	p. 265
Combating the Deficiencies of WAN Links	p. 267
Spoofing	p. 267
Configuring Applications for the WAN	p. 268
Choosing Between Communication Services	p. 269
Addressing	p. 269
Internet Packet Exchange Addressing	p. 271
IP Addressing	p. 272
IP Version 6 (IPv6)	p. 274
Domain Name System and Network Information System	p. 274
Bridges	p. 274
Transparent Bridges	p. 275
Transit Bridges	p. 276
Source Route Bridges	p. 276
Bridging Ethernet and Token Ring	p. 276
Bridges and Network Resilience	p. 277
Routers	p. 278
Routing Protocols	p. 279
Default Gateways	p. 281
Brouters	p. 282
To Bridge or To Route?	p. 283
Gateways	p. 284
SNA Gateway	p. 285
Email Gateway	p. 285
Network-Management Systems	p. 286
SNMP	p. 287
MIB-I and MIB-II	p. 287
References	p. 287
Managing Business Solutions
A Business Approach to Communication	p. 289
Introduction	p. 289
The Expanding Role of Communications Technology	p. 289
Communication Is a Business Issue	p. 290
A Communication Strategy	p. 291
Communication as Part of a Strategic Review Process	p. 293
Enabling Role of Communications Technology	p. 293
Time, Place, and Language Independence	p. 294
New Workforce Profile	p. 294
New Working Methods	p. 295
Identifying Options To Maximize Business Advantage	p. 296
Forming a Team	p. 296
Studying the Business	p. 297
Sources of Information	p. 300
Review	p. 302
Scope	p. 303
The Business Case	p. 305
Time Span	p. 306
Typical Business Case	p. 307
References	p. 310
Further Reading	p. 310
Developing a Communication Solution	p. 311
Introduction	p. 311
Communications Technology as a Service	p. 311
Service Levels	p. 312
Service Availability	p. 314
Charging for Services	p. 315
Specifying Communication Requirements	p. 316
Writing a Business Specification	p. 316
Optimal Business Solution	p. 317
Advantages of Standardization	p. 318
Specifying Technical Requirements	p. 319
Network Performance Criteria	p. 319
Impact of Technology	p. 320
Future Proofing	p. 323
Availability Considerations	p. 325
Flexible Access Systems	p. 326
Technical Specification	p. 328
Communication Outsourcing	p. 330
Why Outsource?	p. 330
Arguments Against Outsourcing	p. 331
Reaching a Decision	p. 332
References	p. 332
Further Reading	p. 333
Supplier Selection and Management	p. 335
How Many Suppliers?	p. 335
Contract Duration	p. 336
External SLAs	p. 337
Typical Structure	p. 337
Service Definition	p. 338
Performance Criteria	p. 338
Service Support	p. 339
Going to Tender	p. 340
Executive Overview	p. 341
Introduction	p. 341
Tendering Procedure	p. 342
Requirements Specification	p. 343
Implementation and Testing	p. 343
Charges	p. 344
Appendixes	p. 344
Selecting Suppliers	p. 346
Generating a Short List	p. 347
Supplier's Business Strategy	p. 347
Product Support Facilities	p. 348
Reference Customers	p. 351
Contractual Issues	p. 352
General Provisions	p. 352
Pricing Policy	p. 353
Confidentiality Clause	p. 354
Liability for Fraud	p. 354
Software Licenses	p. 355
Multiple Suppliers	p. 355
Exit Mechanism	p. 355
Attachments to the Contract	p. 356
Outsourcing Contracts	p. 357
Ongoing Supplier Management	p. 358
Managing Diverse Suppliers	p. 359
References	p. 359
Tariffs	p. 361
Introduction	p. 361
Comparison of Options	p. 362
Components of a Tariff	p. 363
PSTN Tariffs	p. 364
Cellular	p. 367
Paging	p. 368
ISDN	p. 368
Leased Lines	p. 369
Packet Switching	p. 372
Frame Relay	p. 374
Internet	p. 374
SMDS	p. 375
ATM	p. 375
Detailed Billing	p. 376
Tariff Comparisons	p. 376
Basket of Calls	p. 376
Break-Even Analysis	p. 377
Tariff Trends	p. 379
Sources of Tariff Information	p. 382
References	p. 382
Glossary	p. 383
About the Authors	p. 391
Index	p. 393
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Communications Technology Guide for Business

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