Preface to the Fifth Edition | p. xi |
Computability Theory | |
Enumerability | p. 3 |
Enumerability | p. 3 |
Enumerable Sets | p. 7 |
Diagonalization | p. 16 |
Turing Computability | p. 23 |
Uncomputability | p. 35 |
The Halting Problem | p. 35 |
The Productivity Function | p. 40 |
Abacus Computability | p. 45 |
Abacus Machines | p. 45 |
Simulating Abacus Machines by Turing Machines | p. 51 |
The Scope of Abacus Computability | p. 57 |
Recursive Functions | p. 63 |
Primitive Recursive Functions | p. 63 |
Minimization | p. 70 |
Recursive Sets and Relations | p. 73 |
Recursive Relations | p. 73 |
Semirecursive Relations | p. 80 |
Further Examples | p. 83 |
Equivalent Definitions of Computability | p. 88 |
Coding Turing Computations | p. 88 |
Universal Turing Machines | p. 94 |
Recursively Enumerable Sets | p. 96 |
Basic Metalogic | |
A Precis of First-Order Logic: Syntax | p. 101 |
First-Order Logic | p. 101 |
Syntax | p. 106 |
A Precis of First-Order Logic: Semantics | p. 114 |
Semantics | p. 114 |
Metalogical Notions | p. 119 |
The Undecidability of First-Order Logic | p. 126 |
Logic and Turing Machines | p. 126 |
Logic and Primitive Recursive Functions | p. 132 |
Models | p. 137 |
The Size and Number of Models | p. 137 |
Equivalence Relations | p. 142 |
The Lowenheim-Skolem and Compactness Theorems | p. 146 |
The Existence of Models | p. 153 |
Outline of the Proof | p. 153 |
The First Stage of the Proof | p. 156 |
The Second Stage of the Proof | p. 157 |
The Third Stage of the Proof | p. 160 |
Nonenumerable Languages | p. 162 |
Proofs and Completeness | p. 166 |
Sequent Calculus | p. 166 |
Soundness and Completeness | p. 174 |
Other Proof Procedures and Hilbert's Thesis | p. 179 |
Arithmetization | p. 187 |
Arithmetization of Syntax | p. 187 |
Godel Numbers | p. 192 |
More Godel Numbers | p. 196 |
Representability of Recursive Functions | p. 199 |
Arithmetical Definability | p. 199 |
Minimal Arithmetic and Representability | p. 207 |
Mathematical Induction | p. 212 |
Robinson Arithmetic | p. 216 |
Indefinability, Undecidability, Incompleteness | p. 220 |
The Diagonal Lemma and the Limitative Theorems | p. 220 |
Undecidable Sentences | p. 224 |
Undecidable Sentences without the Diagonal Lemma | p. 226 |
The Unprovability of Consistency | p. 232 |
Further Topics | |
Normal Forms | p. 243 |
Disjunctive and Prenex Normal Forms | p. 243 |
Skolem Normal Form | p. 247 |
Herbrand's Theorem | p. 253 |
Eliminating Function Symbols and Identity | p. 255 |
The Craig Interpolation Theorem | p. 260 |
Craig's Theorem and Its Proof | p. 260 |
Robinson's Joint Consistency Theorem | p. 264 |
Beth's Definability Theorem | p. 265 |
Monadic and Dyadic Logic | p. 270 |
Solvable and Unsolvable Decision Problems | p. 270 |
Monadic Logic | p. 273 |
Dyadic Logic | p. 275 |
Second-Order Logic | p. 279 |
Arithmetical Definability | p. 286 |
Arithmetical Definability and Truth | p. 286 |
Arithmetical Definability and Forcing | p. 289 |
Decidability of Arithmetic without Multiplication | p. 295 |
Nonstandard Models | p. 302 |
Order in Nonstandard Models | p. 302 |
Operations in Nonstandard Models | p. 306 |
Nonstandard Models of Analysis | p. 312 |
Ramsey's Theorem | p. 319 |
Ramsey's Theorem: Finitary and Infinitary | p. 319 |
Konig's Lemma | p. 322 |
Modal Logic and Provability | p. 327 |
Modal Logic | p. 327 |
The Logic of Provability | p. 334 |
The Fixed Point and Normal Form Theorems | p. 337 |
Annotated Bibliography | p. 341 |
Index | p. 343 |
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