Computer-Aided Design of Microwave Circuits

By: K. C. Gupta, Ramesh Garg, Rakesh Chadha

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Hardcover | 1 December 1981

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Hardcover
680 Pages

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22.86 x 15.88 x 4.45

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Introduction
Microwave Circuits and Computer-Aided Design	p. 3
Evolution of Microwave Circuits	p. 3
Computer-Aided Design Approach	p. 8
Outline of the Book	p. 14
References	p. 19
Microwave Network Representation	p. 25
Abcd Parameters	p. 26
Scattering Parameters	p. 30
Definition and General Properties	p. 30
Relationship with Other Representations	p. 33
Transfer Scattering Matrix Representation	p. 36
Abcd, S-And T-Matrices for some of the Commonly Used Two-Ports	p. 39
References	p. 43
Modelling of Circuit Elements
Characterization of Transmission Structures	p. 47
Coaxial Lines	p. 49
Waveguides	p. 53
Rectangular Waveguides	p. 53
Circular Waveguides	p. 55
Striplines	p. 57
Microstrip Lines	p. 60
Slotlines	p. 65
Coplanar Lines	p. 67
Coupled Striplines	p. 72
Coupled Microstrip Lines	p. 76
References	p. 85
Sensitivities of Transmission Structures	p. 91
Introduction	p. 91
Definitions	p. 91
Applications of Sensitivity Analysis	p. 92
Tolerance Analysis of Transmission Lines	p. 93
Coaxial Lines	p. 95
Waveguides	p. 97
Striplines and Microstrip Lines	p. 100
Striplines	p. 100
Microstrip Lines	p. 102
Slotlines and Coplanar Lines	p. 106
Slotlines	p. 106
Coplanar Lines	p. 112
Coupled Striplines and Coupled Microstrip Lines	p. 117
Coupled Striplines	p. 117
Coupled Microstrip Lines	p. 120
References	p. 126
Characterization of Discontinuities-I: Coaxial Lines and Waveguides	p. 129
Introduction	p. 129
Coaxial Line Discontinuities	p. 131
Capacitive Gaps in Coaxial Lines	p. 131
Steps in Coaxial Lines	p. 135
Capacitive Windows in Coaxial Lines	p. 136
T-Junction or Stub in Coaxial Lines	p. 139
Rectangular Waveguide Discontinuities	p. 139
Posts in a Waveguide	p. 139
Strips in Waveguides	p. 149
Diaphragms or Windows in Waveguides	p. 152
Steps in Waveguides	p. 159
Right-Angled Bends or Corners in Waveguides	p. 166
T-junctions	p. 169
Circular and Elliptical Apertures in Waveguides	p. 173
References	p. 177
Characterization of Discontinuities-II: Striplines and Microstrip Lines	p. 179
Stripline Discontinuities	p. 181
Open-End	p. 183
Round-Hole	p. 184
Gap	p. 185
Step in Width	p. 186
Bend	p. 186
T-junction	p. 188
Microstrip Discontinuities	p. 189
Open-End	p. 190
Gap	p. 191
Notch	p. 192
Step in Width	p. 192
Right-angled Bend	p. 195
T-junction	p. 195
Cross-junction	p. 197
References	p. 200
Lumped Elements in Microwave Circuits	p. 205
Basic Considerations	p. 205
Design of Lumped Elements	p. 206
Resistors and Inductors	p. 207
Capacitors	p. 213
Measurements of Lumped Element Parameters	p. 220
References	p. 226
Two-Dimensional Planar Components	p. 229
Basic Concepts	p. 231
Green's Function Approach	p. 237
Evaluation of Green's Functions	p. 242
Method of Images	p. 243
Expansion of Green's Function in Eigenfunctions	p. 244
Green's Functions for Various Configurations	p. 247
Segmentation and Desegmentation	p. 251
Numerical Methods for Arbitrary Shapes	p. 253
Scaling for Planar Circuits	p. 256
Frequency Scaling	p. 257
Impedance Scaling	p. 257
Designs of Stripline Type Circuits from a Microstrip Type Planar Circuit (and Vice Versa)	p. 257
References	p. 259
Models for Microwave Semiconductor Devices	p. 263
Schottky-Barrier and Point-Contact Diodes	p. 264
Varactor Diodes	p. 267
Pin Diodes	p. 268
Bipolar Transistors and Mesfets	p. 269
Bipolar Transistors	p. 269
MESFETs	p. 277
Gunn and Impatt Diodes	p. 285
Gunn Diodes	p. 285
Impatt Diodes	p. 289
References	p. 293
Measurement Techniques for Modelling	p. 295
Microwave Network Analyzers	p. 296
Network Analyzer	p. 296
Automatic Network Analyzer	p. 301
Six-Port Network Analyzer	p. 303
System Error Measurement and Correction	p. 307
General Considerations	p. 307
One-port Device Measurements	p. 311
Two-port Measurements	p. 313
Three-port and Multiport Measurements	p. 317
Characterization of Connectors	p. 319
Data Reduction Techniques	p. 321
References	p. 323
Analysis
Evaluation of Circuit Performance	p. 329
Circuits Consisting of Two-Ports	p. 330
Use of Symmetry in the Circuit Analysis	p. 330
Analysis of Cascaded Two-Ports	p. 333
Analysis of Arbitrarily Connected Two-Ports	p. 337
Arbitrarily Connected Networks	p. 338
Analysis Using Connection Scattering Matrix	p. 338
Multiport Connection Method	p. 341
An Example	p. 343
Analysis by Subnetwork Growth Method	p. 347
Circuits Consisting of Two-Dimensional Planar Components	p. 353
Segmentation Method	p. 353
Desegmentation Method	p. 359
References	p. 369
Sensitivity Analysis of Microwave Circuits	p. 371
Finite Difference Method	p. 373
Adjoint Network Method	p. 373
Tellegen's Theorem in Wave Variables	p. 374
The Adjoint Network	p. 376
Comparison with the Direct Method	p. 380
Evaluation of Gradients for Subnetwork Growth Method	p. 382
Evaluation of Differential Scattering Matrices	p. 388
Sensitivity Invariants for Scattering Matrices	p. 388
Differential S-Matrices for Typical Components	p. 392
An Example of Evaluation of Sensitivities	p. 393
Large Change Sensitivities	p. 397
Differential Scattering Matrices for Some Typical Components	p. 402
References	p. 401
Tolerance Analysis	p. 407
Worst-Case Analysis	p. 408
Statistical Tolerance Analysis	p. 423
Method of Moments	p. 423
Monte-Carlo Analysis	p. 426
Some Results from Probability Theory and Statistics	p. 427
References	p. 430
Time Domain Analysis of Microwave Circuits	p. 433
Transient Analysis of Transmission Lines	p. 434
Laplace Transform Method	p. 441
Companion Model Approach	p. 450
State Variable Approach	p. 456
References	p. 460
Matrix Solution Techniques	p. 463
Gaussian Elimination	p. 464
Pivoting	p. 469
L-U Factorization and F-B Substitution	p. 470
L-U Decomposition	p. 471
Forward Elimination and Back Substitution	p. 475
Sparse Matrix Techniques	p. 478
Reordering of Equations	p. 479
Data Structures for Reordering	p. 486
L-U Factorization and F-B Substitution	p. 491
Remarks on Sparse Matrix Techniques	p. 498
References	p. 499
Optimization
Introduction to Optimization	p. 505
Basic Concepts and Definitions	p. 507
Objective Functions for Circuit Optimization	p. 515
General Considerations	p. 515
Least pth Approximation	p. 516
Minimax Approximation	p. 518
Constraints	p. 520
Transformation of Constraints	p. 520
Penalty for Constraint Violation	p. 522
Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Technique	p. 522
One-Dimensional Optimization Techniques	p. 523
Elimination Methods	p. 524
Interpolation Methods	p. 530
References	p. 540
Direct Search Optimization Methods	p. 543
Pattern Search Methods	p. 543
Hooke and Jeeves Methods	p. 544
Powell's Method	p. 546
Razor Search Method	p. 548
Rotating Coordinates Method	p. 550
The Simplex Method	p. 553
References	p. 561
Gradient Methods for Optimization	p. 563
Steepest Descent Method	p. 563
Generalized Newton-Raphson Method	p. 566
Davidon-Fletcher-Powell Method	p. 567
Optimization of Least Square Objective Functions	p. 572
References	p. 575
CAD Programs
A Microwave Circuit Analysis Program (MCAP)	p. 579
Program Description	p. 581
Flow Chart	p. 581
Description of Subroutines	p. 581
An Example	p. 583
Instructions for Users	p. 586
Program Listing	p. 594
References	p. 617
Cad Programs for Microwave Circuits	p. 619
Introduction	p. 619
Integrated Design and Manufacturing System Concept	p. 620
Summary of Microwave Cad Programs	p. 625
Handy-Compact Circuit Analysis on HP-41C Handheld Calculator	p. 626
Micro-Compact Circuit Optimization on HP-9845 B/T Desktop Computer	p. 628
Super-Compact	p. 632
Lumped Element Matching Synthesis with Ampsyn	p. 637
Transmission Line Matching Network Synthesis with Cadsyn	p. 639
Filsyn	p. 643
References	p. 648
Index	p. 651
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