Contributors | p. xi |
Introduction: Configuring User-Designer Relations: Interdisciplinary Perspectives | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
The Chapters | p. 2 |
The grammars of User-Designer Relations | p. 10 |
References | p. 11 |
Participatory Design: Issues and Approaches in Dynamic Constellations of Use, Design, and Research | p. 13 |
Introduction | p. 13 |
Participatory Design | p. 14 |
Participatory Design Approaches | p. 16 |
The Socio-Technical Approach | p. 16 |
The Collective Resource Approach | p. 17 |
MUST | p. 19 |
Participatory Design in Corporate Research and Development | p. 20 |
Related Approaches | p. 21 |
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Workplace Studies | p. 21 |
Science and Technology Studies | p. 22 |
Participatory Action Research, Developmental Work Research, and Related Approaches | p. 23 |
Moving Beyond Use, Design, Research, and Participation as 'a Matter of Course' | p. 24 |
Conclusions | p. 25 |
References | p. 26 |
Design as and for Collaboration: Making Sense of and Supporting Practical Action | p. 31 |
Introduction | p. 31 |
Design for Collaborative Work | p. 33 |
User-Designer Relations | p. 34 |
Understanding Practice - 'Informing Design' | p. 35 |
Ethnography for Design | p. 35 |
Doing Ethnography for Design | p. 39 |
Typifications and Patterns | p. 41 |
IS Methodology: Prescription, Process, and Evolution | p. 43 |
Design as Collaborative Work | p. 44 |
Meshing Ethnography and Design Practice | p. 48 |
Concrete Requirements and the Need for Change | p. 48 |
Design Sensibilities and Ethnography | p. 49 |
Conclusions: Innovation in Use, Envisaging the Future | p. 51 |
References | p. 53 |
User-Designer Relations in Technology Production: The Development and Evaluation of an 'Animator' Tool to Facilitate User Involvement in the Development of Electronic Health Records | p. 59 |
Introduction | p. 59 |
The National Programme for IT | p. 59 |
Why were Problems of User Engagement Not Anticipated? | p. 61 |
Participatory Design and Large-Scale Implementations | p. 62 |
The Origins of the 'Animator' | p. 64 |
Project Development | p. 65 |
Development of the Animator | p. 66 |
Evaluation | p. 70 |
Animator Evaluation Questionnaire Summary | p. 71 |
Focus Group Evaluation | p. 73 |
Baseline | p. 74 |
Post-Intervention | p. 74 |
Summary of Results of Focus Group Discussions | p. 80 |
Discussion and Conclusions | p. 81 |
The Need for 'Meaningful' User Engagement | p. 81 |
Animator-Assisted Mediation | p. 81 |
The Animator in User-Designer Collaboration | p. 82 |
Acknowledgements | p. 84 |
References | p. 84 |
Lessons Learned in Providing Product Designers with Use-Participatory Interaction Design Tools | p. 87 |
Introduction | p. 87 |
Initial Evaluation of a Card-Sorting Tool | p. 90 |
Observations | p. 91 |
Reflections on Study 1 and Changes for the Second Study | p. 95 |
Card Sorting and Scenario Design Tools Managed by Designers | p. 97 |
Observations | p. 100 |
Reflections and Lessons Learnt from the Studies | p. 105 |
Changing Designers' Attitudes towards PD Takes Time | p. 105 |
Interaction Design Models are Critical to Participation | p. 106 |
Organisational Credibility More Important than Experimental Rigour | p. 106 |
Rules of Engagement Between Designers and Participants (and Researchers) Evolve Over Time | p. 107 |
Conclusions | p. 108 |
References | p. 108 |
A Break from Novelty: Persistence and Effects of Structural Tensions in User-Designer Relations | p. 111 |
Reinvented Wheels and Real-Life Concerns in User-Designer Relations | p. 111 |
Persistence of Structural Patterns in User-Designer Relations | p. 112 |
Historical Continuities in Present Day Concerns: Two Cases of Health care Technology | p. 117 |
The PDMS Develoment Project: Why Does PD Wane in the Wild? | p. 118 |
Outline of the Wristcare Innovation Process | p. 120 |
Examining the Commonalities in User-Designer Relations of the Two Cases | p. 124 |
Small Steps That May Make a Difference | p. 126 |
Conclusions | p. 127 |
References | p. 128 |
Practicalities of Participation: Stakeholder Involvement in an Electronic Patient Records Project | p. 133 |
Introduction | p. 133 |
A National Health Service (NHS) Trust | p. 135 |
Delivering the Electronic Patient Record | p. 136 |
Setting, Study, and Method | p. 137 |
Managing Participation and Understanding Work Practice | p. 138 |
Getting a Project to Work | p. 138 |
Keeping Users in Mind | p. 142 |
Escalating Problems | p. 145 |
Keeping Track of Issues | p. 147 |
Domestication and Legacy Systems | p. 148 |
Discussion: Project Work and Organisational Issues | p. 150 |
Conclusions: The Practicalities of Participation and Socio-Technical Design | p. 152 |
Acknowledgements | p. 154 |
References | p. 154 |
Bottom-up, Top-down? Connecting Software Architecture Design with Use | p. 157 |
Introduction | p. 157 |
Challenges to Assembling Infrastructure, Applications, and Services | p. 162 |
Gaining a Sense of How Assembly Could Be Achieved in a World Where Applications/Services Do not yet Exist | p. 163 |
Challenges | p. 168 |
Assemblies | p. 169 |
Basic Assemblies | p. 169 |
Assemblies as Service Composition | p. 177 |
Inspection and Awareness of Resources | p. 184 |
Pulling Things Together | p. 187 |
References | p. 189 |
Global Software and its Provenance: Generification Work in the Production of Organisational Software Packages | p. 193 |
Introduction | p. 193 |
Narrative Biases in STS: Localisation | p. 196 |
From Importing to Exporting | p. 197 |
The Studies | p. 199 |
Birth of a Package | p. 200 |
Accumulative Functionality | p. 200 |
Management by Community | p. 202 |
Community Management Strategies | p. 202 |
Witnessing | p. 203 |
Management by Content | p. 204 |
The Organisationally Particular | p. 206 |
Smoothing Strategies | p. 207 |
From Generification to Generifiers | p. 207 |
Segmenting the User Base | p. 208 |
Promising Future? | p. 211 |
Opening the Black-Box (and Finding a 'Black-Blob') | p. 213 |
Conclusion: Black-Blobs Travel Better Than Black-Boxes | p. 214 |
Acknowledgements | p. 216 |
References | p. 216 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 219 |
Introduction | p. 219 |
A Taxonomy of PD Practices Revisited | p. 220 |
Context of Engagement | p. 221 |
Timing of Engagement | p. 221 |
Scale of Engagement | p. 222 |
Purpose of Engagement | p. 222 |
User Experience | p. 223 |
Summary | p. 223 |
A Collaborative Endeavour | p. 224 |
User Engagement in the Wild | p. 225 |
Taking User-Designer Relations Forward | p. 227 |
References | p. 230 |
Index | p. 233 |
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