Control of Integral Processes with Dead Time

By: Antonio Visioli, Qing-Chang Zhong

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Hardcover | 20 November 2010

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Hardcover
280 Pages

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23.39 x 15.6 x 1.75

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Control of Integral Processes with Dead Time provides a unified and coherent review of the various approaches devised for the control of integral processes, addressing the problem from different standpoints. In particular, the book treats the following topics: How to tune a PID controller and assess its performance; How to design a two-degree-of-freedom control scheme in order to deal with both the set-point following and load disturbance rejection tasks; How to modify the basic Smith predictor control scheme in order to cope with the presence of an integrator in the process; and how to address the presence of large process dead times.

The methods are presented sequentially, highlighting the evolution of their rationale and implementation and thus clearly characterising them from both academic and industrial perspectives.

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Industrial Chemistry & Manufacturing Technologies Industrial Chemistry Mechanical Engineering & Materials Production & Industrial Engineering Electronics & Communications Engineering Electronics Engineering Automatic Control Engineering Robotics Technology in General Engineering in General

Introduction	p. 1
Examples of Integral Processes with Dead Time	p. 1
Tanks with an Outlet	p. 1
Supply Chain Management Processes	p. 3
Communication Networks	p. 3
Other Examples	p. 4
Overview of the Book	p. 5
PID Control Schemes
PID Control	p. 9
PID Controllers	p. 9
Basic Principles	p. 9
Improvements	p. 11
Identification	p. 13
Open-loop Identification	p. 13
Closed-loop Identification	p. 16
Tuning Methods	p. 24
Empirical Formulae	p. 25
Analytical Methods	p. 26
Frequency-domain Methods	p. 34
Optimisation-based Methods	p. 41
Conclusions	p. 47
Stability Region	p. 49
Stability Region Under the PI Control	p. 49
Normalisation of the System	p. 49
Stability Region	p. 50
Achievable Stability Margins	p. 52
An Illustrative Example	p. 55
Stability Region Under the PID Control	p. 56
IPDT Processes	p. 56
SOIPDT Processes	p. 64
Conclusions	p. 70
Performance Assessment and Controller Retuning	p. 71
Introduction	p. 71
Problem Formulation	p. 72
Performance Assessment	p. 73
Estimation of the Process Parameters	p. 77
Set-point Step Response	p. 77
Load Disturbance Step Response	p. 79
Retuning of the PID Controller	p. 81
Simulation Results	p. 81
Example 1	p. 82
Example 2	p. 83
Example 3	p. 84
Conclusions	p. 86
Plug&Control	p. 87
Methodology	p. 87
Algorithm	p. 88
Practical Considerations	p. 89
Simulation Results	p. 90
Conclusions	p. 92
Two-degree-of-freedom Control Scheme
Feedforward Control	p. 95
Standard Two-degree-of-freedom Control Scheme	p. 95
Two-state Time-optimal Feedforward Control	p. 96
Methodology	p. 96
Illustrative Examples	p. 98
Noncausal Feedforward Action: Continuous-time Case	p. 99
Generalities	p. 100
Modelling	p. 100
PID Controller Design	p. 101
Output Function Design	p. 101
Stable Input-Output Inversion Algorithm	p. 102
Discussions	p. 106
Practical Implementation	p. 107
Simulation Results	p. 108
Noncausal Feedforward Action: Discrete-time Case	p. 111
Methodology	p. 112
An Illustrative Example	p. 118
Conclusions	p. 119
PID-PD Control	p. 121
The Control Scheme	p. 121
PI-PD Structure	p. 121
A Simple Approach	p. 122
Tuning Method Based on the Standard Forms	p. 124
PID-P Structure	p. 125
Tuning Method Based on Sensitivity Specifications	p. 126
Tuning Method Based on Phase and Gain Margins	p. 130
Tuning Method Based on a New Robustness Specification	p. 132
PID-PD Structure	p. 135
Tuning Method Based on a New Robustness Specification	p. 136
A More Complex Controller	p. 138
Conclusions	p. 140
Smith-predictor-based Control	p. 141
Classical Smith Predictor	p. 141
Modified Smith Predictor	p. 143
Aström-Hang-Lim Modified Smith Predictor	p. 146
Methodology	p. 147
Robust Tuning Method	p. 148
Simplified Tuning Method	p. 152
Anti-windup Compensation	p. 155
Matausek-Micic Modified Smith Predictor	p. 156
Basic Scheme	p. 157
Improvement	p. 159
Normey-Rico-Camacho Modified Smith Predictor	p. 161
Control Scheme	p. 162
Robust Tuning	p. 163
Improvement	p. 164
An Alternative Approach	p. 166
Anti-windup Strategy	p. 168
Comparison with Other Schemes	p. 168
Chien-Peng-Liu Modified Smith Predictor	p. 170
Seshagiri Rao-Rao-Chidambaram Modified Smith Predictor	p. 173
Tian-Gao Modified Smith Predictor	p. 175
More Complex Schemes	p. 176
Majhi-Atherton Modified Smith Predictor	p. 177
Liu-Cai-Gu-Zhang Modified Smith Predictor	p. 180
Lu-Yang-Wang-Zheng Modified Smith Predictor	p. 183
Conclusions	p. 184
Smith-principle-based PID-type Control	p. 187
The Control Scheme	p. 187
An Equivalent Structure for Implementation	p. 189
Robustness Analysis	p. 190
Simulation Examples	p. 193
Conclusions	p. 193
Disturbance Observer-based Control	p. 195
Disturbance Observer	p. 195
Control Structure	p. 196
Controller Design to Reject Ramp/Step Disturbances	p. 197
Design of Q(s)	p. 197
Examples	p. 199
Controller Design to Obtain Deadbeat Disturbance Responses	p. 203
Design of Q(s)	p. 203
Implementation of the Controller	p. 205
Parameter Tuning and Robustness	p. 207
Stability of the Controller	p. 210
An Example	p. 212
Conclusions	p. 212
Quantitative Analysis	p. 213
Introduction	p. 213
The Lambert W Function	p. 214
Achievable Specifications of the Sub-ideal Disturbance Response	p. 214
Maximal Dynamic Error	p. 217
Maximal Decay Rate	p. 218
Control Action Bound	p. 219
Approximate Recovery Time	p. 220
Robust Stability Regions	p. 221
With Gain Uncertainties	p. 222
With Dead-time Uncertainties	p. 223
With Dead-time and Gain Uncertainties	p. 225
Stability of the Controller	p. 226
Conclusions	p. 228
Practical Issues	p. 229
The Control Scheme Under Consideration	p. 229
Zero Static Error	p. 230
Internal Stability	p. 231
Experimental Results	p. 232
The Experimental Setup	p. 232
The Scheme Shown in Figure 12.2(a)	p. 234
The Scheme Shown in Figure 12.2(b)	p. 234
The Scheme Shown in Figure 12.3	p. 235
Comparison with a PI Controller	p. 239
Robustness with Respect to Changes in the Dead Time	p. 239
Conclusions	p. 239
References	p. 241
Index	p. 249
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Control of Integral Processes with Dead Time

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Hardcover

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