Cosmic Ray Astrophysics

By: Reinhard Schlickeiser, R. Schlickeiser

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Hardcover | 8 October 2002

At a Glance

Hardcover
536 Pages

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Providing an exhaustive account of the origin and dynamics of cosmic rays, this volume is divided into three parts. First, it gives an up-to-date summary of the observational data, then deals with the kinetic description of cosmic ray plasma. The underlying diffusion-convection transport equation, which governs the coupling between cosmic rays and the background plasma, is derived and analyzed in detail. In the third part, several applications of the solutions of the transport equation are presented and how key observations in cosmic ray physics can be accounted for is demonstrated. While primarily of interest to scientists working at the forefront of research, the very careful derivations and explanations make this a suitable introduction for graduates.

Industry Reviews

From the reviews of the first edition:

"This excellent book is the most complete development of cosmic ray astrophysics theory published. It is aimed at current researchers and commencing postgraduate students. ... One of the great benefits of this book is the explicit description of all the assumptions that are made and the limitations they imply on interpretations from the theory. This makes the book particularly valuable for postgraduate students and established researchers starting in the field." (M.L. Duldig, The Physicist, Vol.39 (3), 2002)

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Other Technologies & Applied Sciences Space Science Science Physics Applied Physics Astrophysics Astronomy, Space & Time Particle & High-Energy Physics Nuclear Physics

Introduction	p. 1
The Start of Cosmic Ray Research	p. 1
The Scope of Cosmic Ray Research	p. 1
Organization of the Book	p. 3
Cosmic Rays as Part of the Universe	p. 7
Our Present View of the Structure of the Universe	p. 7
Interstellar Medium	p. 10
Cosmic Photon Fields	p. 17
Cosmic Magnetic Fields	p. 19
Intergalactic Medium	p. 23
Interlude	p. 24
Direct Observations of Cosmic Rays	p. 25
The Cosmic Ray Landscape	p. 26
Solar Modulation	p. 29
Solar and Heliospheric Cosmic Rays	p. 36
Solar Flare Cosmic Ray Particles	p. 38
The Anomalous Cosmic Ray Component	p. 46
Extrasolar Cosmic Rays	p. 46
Elemental Composition	p. 46
Isotopic Composition	p. 57
Anisotropy	p. 64
Time History from Cosmogenic Nuclei	p. 69
Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays	p. 70
Interactions of Cosmic Ray Electrons	p. 73
Synchrotron Radiation	p. 74
Synchrotron Power	p. 74
Emission and Transfer of Synchrotron Radiation	p. 76
Synchrotron Radiation from Cosmic Ray Electrons in the Interstellar Medium	p. 78
Synchrotron Energy Loss of Relativistic Electrons	p. 80
Inverse Compton Scattering	p. 80
Inverse Compton Power	p. 81
Inverse Compton Scattering of Target Photons in the Interstellar Medium by Cosmic Ray Electrons	p. 84
Inverse Compton Energy Loss of Relativistic Electrons	p. 88
Triplet Pair Production	p. 89
Nonthermal Relativistic Electron Bremsstrahlung	p. 93
Nonthermal Bremsstrahlung Power	p. 93
Nonthermal Bremsstrahlung of Cosmic Ray Electrons in the Interstellar Medium	p. 95
Bremsstrahlung Energy Loss of Relativistic Electrons	p. 97
Ionization and Coulomb Interactions	p. 98
Total Energy Loss Rate	p. 99
Continuum Radiation Processes of Relativistic Electrons	p. 102
Interactions of Cosmic Ray Nuclei	p. 105
Relativistic Kinematics of Inelastic Collisions	p. 105
Threshold Energy	p. 106
The Energy of One Particle Seen from the Rest System of Another	p. 107
Interactions Between Cosmic Ray Nuclei and Cosmic Photons	p. 107
Photo-Pair Production	p. 109
Photo-Hadron Production	p. 109
Photo-Disintegration	p. 112
Interactions Between Cosmic Ray Nuclei and Matter	p. 114
Gamma-Ray, Electron, Positron and Neutrino Source Functions	p. 115
Pion Production Spectra	p. 116
⁰ Decay -Rays	p. 120
Secondary Electrons and Positrons	p. 123
Secondary Neutrinos	p. 125
Energy Loss by Pion Production	p. 128
Excitation of Nuclei	p. 128
Coulomb and Ionization Interactions	p. 130
Catastrophic Losses from Fragmentation and Radioactive Decay	p. 135
Total Energy Loss Rate from Interactions with Matter	p. 138
Ionization and Heating Rate of Interstellar Matter by Cosmic Rays	p. 139
Continuum Radiation Processes of Relativistic Nuclei	p. 140
Indirect Observations of Cosmic Rays	p. 143
Clues from Radio Astronomy	p. 143
Free-Free Emission	p. 143
Radio Continuum Surveys	p. 145
Clues from -Ray Astronomy	p. 154
-Ray Emission Above 10 MeV	p. 155
Continuum -Ray Emission Below 10 MeV	p. 162
-Ray Line Emission Below 10 MeV from the Orion Region	p. 163
Interlude	p. 164
-Ray Point Sources	p. 165
-Ray Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei	p. 165
Nonthermal -Ray Emission Processes in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei	p. 172
Interlude	p. 176
Galactic -Ray Sources	p. 177
Immediate Consequences of Galactic Cosmic Ray Observations	p. 179
Cosmic Ray Energetics	p. 179
Global Cosmic Ray Source Energetics	p. 180
Cosmic Ray Scattering, Confinement and Isotropy	p. 182
Statistical Mechanics of Charged Particles	p. 183
Basic Equations	p. 183
Plasma Parameter	p. 183
Kinetic Description of Plasmas	p. 187
Magnetohydrodynamics of Plasmas	p. 190
The Relativistic Vlasov Equation and Maxwell Equations	p. 194
Kinetic Theory of Plasma Waves	p. 195
Linearization of Kinetic Plasma Equations	p. 195
Solution of the Linearized Vlasov Equation	p. 196
Dispersion Relation	p. 197
The Landau Contour	p. 200
Polarization Vector	p. 203
Conductivity Tensor in a Homogeneous Hot Magnetized Plasma	p. 204
Energy Transfer in Dispersive Media	p. 208
Test Wave Approach 1. Waves in Cold Magnetized Plasmas	p. 211
Plasma Waves in a Cold Moving Magnetized Plasma	p. 211
Plasma Waves in a Cold Magnetized Plasma at Rest	p. 213
Cold Unmagnetized Plasma at Rest	p. 215
Cold Electron-Proton Plasma	p. 217
Propagation Along the Static Magnetic Field	p. 219
Propagation Across the Static Magnetic Field	p. 224
Oblique Propagation of Low-Frequency Waves	p. 228
Oblique Propagation of High-Frequency Waves	p. 231
More Rigorous Treatment of Dispersion Relation and Polarization of Low-Frequency Waves	p. 234
Faraday Rotation	p. 238
Test Wave Approach 2. Waves in Hot Magnetized Isotropic Plasmas	p. 241
Conductivity Tensor for Isotropic Distribution Functions	p. 241
The Longitudinal Mode	p. 244
Superluminal Waves	p. 247
Subluminal Waves	p. 249
Illustrative Example: Longitudinal Waves in an Equilibrium Electron Plasma	p. 250
Superluminal Waves	p. 252
Subluminal Waves	p. 253
Non-relativistic Plasma Temperatures	p. 254
Infinitely Large Speed of Light, c → ∞	p. 257
Solution of the Non-relativistic Dispersion Relation	p. 257
Landau Damping of Subluminal Solutions	p. 262
Weak Damping Approximation	p. 262
The Transverse Modes	p. 263
Collisionless Damping of Transverse Oscillations	p. 265
An Illustrative Example	p. 266
Test Wave Approach 3. Generation of Plasma Waves	p. 269
Two-Stream Instability	p. 269
Cosmic-Ray-Induced Instabilities	p. 273
Parallel Propagating Waves	p. 274
Growth Rates at Arbitrary Angles of Propagation	p. 283
Cosmic Ray Self-Confinement in Galaxies	p. 286
Competition of Wave Growth and Damping	p. 287
Damping by Ion-Neutral Collisions	p. 287
Nonlinear Landau Damping	p. 287
Wave Cascading	p. 289
Super-Alfvénic Cosmic Ray Propagation?	p. 290
Test Particle Approach 1. Hierarchy of Transport Equations	p. 293
Quasilinear Theory	p. 293
Quasilinear Fokker-Planck Coefficients	p. 298
Unperturbed Particle Orbits	p. 298
Fokker-Planck Coefficients for Plasma Wave Turbulence	p. 302
The Diffusion Approximation	p. 306
Cosmic Ray Anisotropy	p. 309
The Diffusion-Convection Transport Equation	p. 310
Test Particle Approach 2. Calculation of Transport Parameters	p. 313
Linearly Polarized Alfvén Waves	p. 313
Alfvén Wave Fokker-Planck Coefficients	p. 315
Magnetic Turbulence Tensors	p. 315
Slab Linearly Polarized Alfvén Turbulence	p. 318
Isotropic Linearly Polarized Alfvén Waves	p. 319
Parallel Propagating Magnetohydrodynamic Waves	p. 320
Undamped Waves	p. 322
Undamped Non-dispersive Alfvén Waves	p. 322
Influence of Damping and Dissipation	p. 337
Numerical Test of Quasilinear Theory	p. 340
Magnetosonic Waves	p. 342
Fast Mode Wave Fokker-Planck Coefficients	p. 343
Isotropic Fast Mode Waves	p. 345
Cosmic Ray Mean Free Path from Fast Mode Waves	p. 357
Cosmic Ray Momentum Diffusion Coefficient from Fast Mode Waves	p. 359
Fast Mode Time Scale Relation	p. 361
Cosmic Transport Parameters from Fast Mode Waves and Slab Alfvén Waves	p. 361
Modifications Due to Slab Alfvén Waves	p. 361
Transport Parameters in the Case of Admixture of Slab Alfvén Waves to Fast Mode Waves	p. 362
Acceleration and Transport Processes of Cosmic Rays	p. 365
Structure ofthe Cosmic Ray Transport Equation	p. 365
Inclusion of Momentum Losses	p. 367
Continuous and Catastrophic Momentum Losses	p. 368
Steady-State and Time-Dependent Transport Equations	p. 370
Scattering Time Method: Separation of Spatial and Momentum Problem	p. 371
Formal Mathematical Solution	p. 371
Leaky-Box Equations	p. 372
Illustrative Example: Galactic Cosmic Ray Diffusion 1	p. 373
Momentum Problem	p. 375
Solutions Without Momentum Diffusion	p. 378
Interplanetary Transport of Cosmic Ray Particles	p. 383
Solar Flare Events	p. 383
Observations	p. 383
Comparison with Quasilinear Theory	p. 387
Solar Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays	p. 388
Acceleration of Cosmic Ray Particles at Shock Waves	p. 391
Astrophysical Shock Waves	p. 391
Magnetohydrodynamic Shock Discontinuities	p. 392
Stationary Discontinuities	p. 395
Shock Waves	p. 397
Alfvén Wave Transmission Through a Parallel Fast Shock	p. 402
Basic Equations	p. 403
Reflection and Transmission Coefficients	p. 405
Only Forward Moving Waves Upstream	p. 405
Only Backward Moving Waves Downstream	p. 409
Alternative Notation	p. 410
Shock Effect on Wavenumbers	p. 410
Precursor Streaming Instability	p. 413
Cosmic Ray Transport and Acceleration Parameters	p. 415
Upstream Cosmic Ray Transport Equation	p. 416
Downstream Cosmic Ray Transport Equation	p. 417
Scattering Center Compression Ratio	p. 418
Importance of Downstream Momentum Diffusion	p. 419
Interlude	p. 420
Solution of the Transport Equations	p. 421
Basic Equations	p. 422
Upstream Solution	p. 424
Downstream Solution	p. 424
Qualitative Results	p. 428
Zero Momentum Diffusion	p. 429
Finite Momentum Diffusion	p. 431
Maximum Particle Energy	p. 433
Galactic Cosmic Rays	p. 435
Galactic Cosmic Ray Diffusion 2	p. 435
Cosmic Ray Propagation in the Leaky-Box Approximation	p. 436
Secondary/Primary Ratio	p. 437
Secondary Cosmic Ray Clocks	p. 438
Cosmic Ray Propagation Including Interstellar Acceleration	p. 439
Mathematical Solution	p. 441
Sources of Cosmic Ray Primaries	p. 443
Steady-State Primary Particle Spectrum Below R_max	p. 445
Influence of Source Spectral Index Dispersionon the Steady-State Primary Particle Spectrum Below R_max	p. 450
Steady-State Primary Particle Spectrum Above R_max	p. 452
Time-Dependent Calculation	p. 455
General Values &neq; 0	p. 455
Special Case = 0	p. 457
Secondary/Primary Ratio Including Interstellar Acceleration	p. 458
Formation of Cosmic Ray Momentum Spectra	p. 461
Fundamental Physical Picture	p. 461
Some Exact Solutions for q = 2	p. 464
Shock Acceleration of Relativistic Electrons Undergoing Radiation Losses	p. 465
Shock Acceleration of Relativistic Electrons Undergoing Ionization and Coulomb Losses	p. 467
Bessel Function Solutions	p. 467
Interlude	p. 468
Summary and Outlook	p. 469
Cosmic Ray Sources	p. 470
Cosmic Ray Isotropy	p. 471
Cosmic Ray Isotopic and Elemental Composition	p. 472
Electron/Nucleon Ratio	p. 472
Formation of Particle Momentum Spectra	p. 474
Conclusion	p. 474
Appendix
Radiation Transport	p. 475
Conductivity Tensor in a Hot Magnetized Plasma	p. 479
The General Case	p. 481
Isotropic Distribution Functions	p. 482
Calculation of the Integral (10.3.10)	p. 485
The Integral J for Imaginary Values of y	p. 486
The Integral J for Non-imaginary Values of y	p. 487
A Second Form of the Integral J	p. 490
The Integral J for Non-relativistic Temperatures	p. 491
References	p. 495
Illustration Credits	p. 511
Index	p. 513
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Cosmic Ray Astrophysics

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