Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory

By: Alexander Love, David Bailin

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Paperback | 1 September 2004 | Edition Number 1

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328 Pages

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This book is devoted to the cosmological implications of the gauge theories of particle physics and of string theory. It presumes some prior knowledge of these subjects, such as that provided in the authors' previous books Introduction to Gauge Field Theory and Supersymmetric Gauge Field Theory and String Theory, but it is self-contained. Like the earlier books it is intended as an introductory textbook for a first course on the subject at graduate student level. Recent observations confirm that the universe is very flat and extremely homogeneous. The most plausible explanation of this is that the universe passed through an inflationary era. The constraints this imposes on the presumed underlying field theory are studied and the possibility of satisfying these in a supersymmetric theory or in supergravity theory is discussed. Finally, black hole solutions of the supergravity theory that approximates string theory at low energies are considered, and the insight that string theory affords into the microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is discussed. Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory will provide a modern introduction to these important problems from a particle physicist's perspective.

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Preface	p. xi
The standard model of cosmology	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
The Robertson-Walker metric	p. 2
Einstein equations for a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe	p. 5
Scale factor dependence of the energy density	p. 7
Time dependence of the scale factor	p. 8
Age of the universe	p. 8
The cosmological constant	p. 10
Equilibrium thermodynamics in the expanding universe	p. 17
Transition from radiation to matter domination	p. 19
Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR)	p. 21
Big-bang nucleosynthesis	p. 21
Exercises	p. 27
General references	p. 27
Bibliography	p. 28
Phase transitions in the early universe	p. 29
Introduction	p. 29
Partition functions	p. 30
The effective potential at finite temperature	p. 33
Phase transitions in the Higgs model	p. 36
e[superscript 4 double less-than sign lambda]	p. 37
e[superscript 4 double greater-than sign lambda]	p. 40
Phase transitions in electroweak theory	p. 45
Phase transitions in grand unified theories	p. 48
Phase transitions in supersymmetric GUTs	p. 51
Phase transitions in supergravity theories	p. 55
Nucleation of true vacuum	p. 59
Exercises	p. 63
General references	p. 63
Bibliography	p. 63
Topological defects	p. 65
Introduction	p. 65
Domain walls	p. 66
Global cosmic strings	p. 69
Local cosmic strings	p. 71
Gravitational fields of local cosmic strings	p. 74
Double images	p. 75
Temperature discontinuities	p. 76
Cosmic string wakes	p. 76
Dynamics of local cosmic strings	p. 76
Magnetic monopoles	p. 80
Monopole topological quantum number	p. 83
Magnetic monopoles in grand unified theories	p. 85
Abundance of magnetic monopoles	p. 86
Exercises	p. 89
General references	p. 89
Bibliography	p. 89
Baryogenesis	p. 91
Introduction	p. 91
Conditions for baryogenesis	p. 94
Out-of-equilibrium decay of heavy particles	p. 96
Baryogenesis in GUTs	p. 99
Baryogenesis in SO(10) GUTs	p. 110
Status of GUT baryogenesis	p. 113
Baryon-number non-conservation in the Standard Model	p. 114
Sphaleron-induced baryogenesis	p. 120
CP-violation in electroweak theory	p. 127
Phase transitions and electroweak baryogenesis	p. 129
Supersymmetric electroweak baryogenesis	p. 132
Affleck-Dine baryogenesis	p. 137
Exercises	p. 142
General references	p. 143
Bibliography	p. 143
Relic neutrinos and axions	p. 147
Introduction	p. 147
Relic neutrinos	p. 150
Axions	p. 151
Introduction: the strong CP problem and the axion solution	p. 151
Visible and invisible axion models	p. 156
Astrophysical constraints on axions	p. 159
Axions and cosmology	p. 161
Exercises	p. 169
General references	p. 169
Bibliography	p. 170
Supersymmetric dark matter	p. 172
Introduction	p. 172
Weakly interacting massive particles or WIMPs	p. 175
The gravitino problem	p. 177
Minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM)	p. 179
Neutralino dark matter	p. 181
Detection of dark matter	p. 187
Neutralino-nucleon elastic scattering	p. 188
WIMP annihilation in the sun or earth	p. 189
WIMP annihilation in the halo	p. 192
Exercises	p. 192
General references	p. 193
Bibliography	p. 193
Inflationary cosmology	p. 195
Introduction	p. 195
Horizon, flatness and unwanted relics problems	p. 195
The horizon problem	p. 195
The flatness problem	p. 197
The unwanted relics problem	p. 198
Old inflation	p. 199
New inflation	p. 201
Reheating after inflation	p. 206
Inflaton field equations	p. 208
Density perturbations	p. 210
A worked example	p. 214
Complex inflaton field	p. 216
Chaotic inflation	p. 217
Hybrid inflation	p. 220
The spectral index	p. 221
Exercises	p. 224
General references	p. 224
Bibliography	p. 224
Inflation in supergravity	p. 226
Introduction	p. 226
Models of supergravity inflation	p. 227
D-term supergravity inflation	p. 232
Hybrid inflation in supergravity	p. 234
Thermal production of gravitinos by reheating	p. 237
The Polonyi problem	p. 238
Inflaton decays before Polonyi field oscillation	p. 240
Inflaton decays after Polonyi field oscillation	p. 244
Exercises	p. 248
General references	p. 248
Bibliography	p. 248
Superstring cosmology	p. 249
Introduction	p. 249
Dilaton and moduli cosmology	p. 250
Stabilization of the dilaton	p. 255
Dilaton or moduli as possible inflatons	p. 259
Ten-dimensional string cosmology	p. 260
D-brane inflation	p. 265
Pre-big-bang cosmology	p. 269
M-theory cosmology--the ekpyrotic universe	p. 272
Exercises	p. 273
General references	p. 273
Black holes in string theory	p. 275
Introduction	p. 275
Black-hole event horizons	p. 276
Entropy of black holes	p. 281
Perturbative microstates in string theory	p. 289
Extreme black holes	p. 291
Type II supergravity	p. 293
Form fields and D-branes	p. 296
Black holes in string theory	p. 298
Counting the microstates	p. 303
Problems	p. 305
General references	p. 307
Bibliography	p. 307
Index	p. 309
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Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory

At a Glance

Paperback

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