| Preface | p. xi |
| Acknowledgements | p. xii |
| Annotations and Tools for an Activity Based Spoken Language Corpus | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| GSLC and Other Goteborg Corpora | p. 4 |
| Storage | p. 5 |
| Description of the Corpus Transcription Standard | p. 6 |
| Tools Which Have Been Developed | p. 7 |
| Types of Quantitative Analysis | p. 9 |
| Types of Qualitative Analysis | p. 11 |
| Conclusions and Future Directions | p. 15 |
| References | p. 16 |
| Using Direct Variant Transduction for Rapid Development of Natural Spoken Interfaces | p. 19 |
| Introduction | p. 20 |
| Characteristics of Direct Variant Transduction | p. 20 |
| Constructing an Application with Example-Action Contexts | p. 21 |
| Context Expansion | p. 23 |
| Recognition, Classification and Matching | p. 25 |
| Dialog Control and Confirmation | p. 27 |
| Experiments | p. 30 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 33 |
| References | p. 33 |
| An Interface for Annotating Natural Interactivity | p. 35 |
| Introduction | p. 35 |
| Today's Natural Interactivity Coding Tools | p. 37 |
| The Nite Project | p. 42 |
| Nite Target User Groups | p. 43 |
| General Tool Requirements | p. 44 |
| Annotation User Interface Requirements | p. 47 |
| The Audio-Visual Annotation Interface | p. 52 |
| Conclusion and Future Work | p. 60 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 61 |
| References | p. 61 |
| Managing Communicative Intentions with Collaborative Problem Solving | p. 63 |
| Previous Work | p. 65 |
| A Collaborative Problem-Solving Model | p. 68 |
| Examples | p. 75 |
| Use in Dialogue Systems | p. 79 |
| Conclusions and Future Work | p. 81 |
| References | p. 82 |
| Building a Discourse-Tagged Corpus in the Framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory | p. 85 |
| Introduction | p. 85 |
| Framework | p. 86 |
| Discourse Annotation Task | p. 90 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 93 |
| Corpus Overview | p. 96 |
| Mining the RST Corpus | p. 97 |
| Conclusions and Future Work | p. 108 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 109 |
| References | p. 110 |
| An Empirical Study of Speech Recognition Errors in Human Computer Dialogue | p. 113 |
| Introduction | p. 113 |
| The Speech Recognition Component | p. 116 |
| Integrated Parsing of User Utterances | p. 117 |
| The Dialogue Process | p. 119 |
| From Speech Recognition Errors to Speech Act Recognition Errors | p. 120 |
| Evaluating Robustness to Speech Recognition Errors | p. 126 |
| Conclusion | p. 129 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 130 |
| References | p. 130 |
| Comparing Several Aspects of Human-Computer and Human-Human Dialogues | p. 133 |
| Introduction | p. 133 |
| Our Data | p. 134 |
| Analysis | p. 138 |
| Analysis of Misunderstandings | p. 151 |
| Discussion | p. 155 |
| Conclusions | p. 156 |
| Dialogue Act Tag Set and Examples | p. 156 |
| References | p. 157 |
| Full Paraphrase Generation for Fragments in Dialogue | p. 161 |
| Introduction | p. 161 |
| SHARDS | p. 164 |
| Generation of Fragment Paraphrases | p. 168 |
| An Implemented System for Fragment Resolution and Paraphrase Generation | p. 171 |
| Conclusion and Future Research | p. 179 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 179 |
| References | p. 180 |
| Disentangling Public from non-Public Meaning | p. 183 |
| Introduction | p. 184 |
| Utterer's Content v. Utterer's Plan | p. 188 |
| Clarifying Utterer's Content | p. 190 |
| Why[subscript meta]: an analysis | p. 198 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 205 |
| References | p. 209 |
| Adaptivity and Response Generation in a Spoken Dialogue System | p. 213 |
| Introduction | p. 213 |
| Interaction Management | p. 215 |
| Dialogue Response Generation | p. 221 |
| Confidence-based Adaptivity | p. 227 |
| Conclusion | p. 232 |
| References | p. 232 |
| On the Means for Clarification in Dialogue | p. 235 |
| Introduction | p. 235 |
| Clarification Forms | p. 238 |
| Clarification Readings | p. 241 |
| Corpus Analysis | p. 243 |
| Conclusions | p. 248 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 250 |
| Corpus Markup Decision Trees | p. 251 |
| References | p. 254 |
| Plug and Play Spoken Dialogue Processing | p. 257 |
| Introduction | p. 258 |
| The CANTONA Plug and Play Demonstrator | p. 261 |
| Device Descriptions: Rules and Hierarchies | p. 264 |
| Plug and Play Response Generation | p. 267 |
| Plug and Play Speech Recognition and Parsing | p. 271 |
| Discussion | p. 278 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 279 |
| References | p. 280 |
| Conversational Implicatures and Communication Theory | p. 283 |
| Introduction | p. 283 |
| Particularized Conversational Implicatures | p. 284 |
| Generalized Conversational Implicatures | p. 293 |
| References | p. 301 |
| Reconciling Control and Discourse Structure | p. 305 |
| Introduction | p. 305 |
| Discourse Structure and Control Analysis | p. 307 |
| Relationship between Control and Discourse Structure | p. 313 |
| Reconciling Control inside Discourse Segments | p. 315 |
| Conclusion | p. 320 |
| Future Work | p. 320 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 321 |
| References | p. 322 |
| The Information State Approach to Dialogue Management | p. 325 |
| Introduction | p. 325 |
| The Information State Approach | p. 328 |
| A Multi-level Architecture for Reusable Dialogue Management | p. 334 |
| TrindiKit: A Dialogue Move Engine Toolkit | p. 336 |
| Implementations using TrindiKit | p. 339 |
| Reusing Dialogue Management Components | p. 346 |
| References | p. 350 |
| Visualizing Spoken Discourse | p. 355 |
| Introduction: Interruptions and Dialogue | p. 355 |
| Research Goals and Procedures | p. 356 |
| Prosodic Characteristics of Interruptions | p. 357 |
| Implications for Dialogue Systems | p. 375 |
| Conclusion | p. 377 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 377 |
| References | p. 377 |
| Appendix | p. 378 |
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