Current Aspects of Neutrino Physics

By: David O. Caldwell (Editor)

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Hardcover | 1 July 2009

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356 Pages

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This is a particularly exciting time for neutrino physics. Now providing the first experimental evidence for new physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, neutrino studies are leading that larger field in new direc- tions. As a probe for discovery, neutrinos are unique among particles. Being leptons, neutrinos are as far as one knows true elementary particles, but in addition they are unencumbered by charge, and of course they do not have complicating strong interactions. Their unusually small mass also points to their novelty and possibly to their providing a window onto very high energy scales. The emphasis for neutrino physics at this time is on their masses and mixing with each other, as well as on their basic nature and their role in the Universe. While they have been important tools for studying particle properties, such as structure functions and the nature of the weak interaction, at present this is not the thrust of most research and hence is not covered in this book. Rather, the topics are those currently of most interest at the frontier of particle physics.

Industry Reviews

"...this book should be useful for a long time yet, both as a reference and a textbook, due to its comprehensive content, clear logic in ordering the material, and extremely good oversight of most aspects of neutrino physics."

--Cern Courier: International Journal of High Energy

"Without exception, articles are written in a fluent style, with excellent diagrams and comprehensive reference lists...there is sufficient fundamental material included that this will remain a valuable book for quite some time."

--The Physicist

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pauli's Ghost: The Conception and Discovery of Neutrinos	p. 1
Detecting Neutrinos	p. 4
Massless Neutrinos?	p. 6
Two Kinds of Neutrinos	p. 8
The Standard Model	p. 10
The Third Family	p. 11
Summary	p. 14
References	p. 15
The Nature of Massive Neutrinos	p. 17
Introduction	p. 17
Dirac and Majorana Masses for Neutrinos	p. 18
Four-Component Notation	p. 19
Two-Component Notation	p. 20
Electromagnetic Properties of a Majorana Neutrino	p. 24
	p. 24
Leptonic Mixing	p. 24
Neutrino Oscillation	p. 28
Experimental Tests of the Majorana Nature of the Neutrino	p. 32
Neutrino Decays	p. 33
Radiative Neutrino Decays	p. 33
Invisible Decays	p. 35
References	p. 37
Direct Measurements of Neutrino Mass	p. 39
Introduction	p. 39
Overview of Direct Measurements	p. 40
Beta Decay and Electron Capture Measurements (v_e)	p. 42
Method of Measurement of the Beta Decay Endpoint	p. 44
Tritium Beta Decay Experiments	p. 46
Sensitivity to Shape Effects	p. 47
Discussion of Tritium Beta Decay Results	p. 51
Tritium Beta Decay Results from Troitsk and Mainz	p. 54
Mass Sensitivity of Future Beta Decay Experiments	p. 56
Particle Decay Measurements - v and v	p. 59
v Mass Measurements	p. 59
v Mass Measurements	p. 61
Summary	p. 61
References	p. 62
Neutrino Oscillations and the Solar Neutrino Problem	p. 65
Introduction	p. 65
Open Questions in Neutrino Physics	p. 65
The Standard Solar Model $(0.4, 0.5$)	p. 67
Solar Neutrino Experiments and their Implications	p. 69
Neutrino Oscillations	p. 73
The Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein Mechanism $(0.21$)	p. 75
Outlook	p. 85
Referencesp	p. 87
The Atmospheric Neutrino Anomaly: Muon Neutrino Disappearance	p. 89
Introduction	p. 89
Atmospheric Neutrinos	p. 89
Initial Indications	p. 92
The SuperKamiokande Revolution	p. 94
Up-Down Asymmetry	p. 97
Neutrino Flux Dependence Upon the Terrestrial Magnetic Field	p. 99
Natural Parameters for Oscillations: L/E	p. 99
Energy and Angle Variation	p. 102
Muon Decay Events	p. 105
Through-Going and Entering-Stopping Muons	p. 105
The Muon Neutrino's Oscillation Partner	p. 107
Subdominant Oscillations	p. 111
Nonstandard Oscillations	p. 113
Hypotheses to Explain the Anomaly	p. 113
Results from Soudan II	p. 116
Results from MACRO	p. 116
Combined Evidence	p. 119
Long-Baseline Results	p. 120
Implications	p. 120
Astrophysics and Cosmology	p. 121
The Theoretical Situation: Why So Important?	p. 122
Future Muon Neutrino Experiments	p. 123
Appendix	p. 127
Referencesp128
Studies of Neutrino Oscillations at Reactors	p. 131
Introduction	p. 131
The Reactor Neutrino Spectrum	p. 132
Oscillation Experiments	p. 134
The ILL Grenoble and Goesgen Experiments	p. 134
The Bugey Experiments	p. 137
The Long-Baseline Experiments at Palo Verde and Chooz	p. 138
The KamLAND Experiment	p. 148
The&vbar;_e-d Experiment at Bugey	p. 148
Neutrino Magnetic Moment	p. 150
Conclusion	p. 152
References	p. 152
Studies of Neutrino Oscillations at Accelerators	p. 155
Introduction	p. 155
Motivations for the Experiments	p. 156
Intermediate-Baseline v Experiments at High-Energy Accelerators	p. 157
Short-Baseline v and &vbar; Experiments at Lower-Energy Accelerators	p. 164
Conclusions	p. 174
References	p. 174
Double Beta Decay: Theory, Experiment and Implications	p. 177
Introduction	p. 177
Lepton Number Violation	p. 180
Particle Physics Aspects	p. 181
Experimental Techniques and Results	p. 184
Nuclear-Structure Aspects	p. 187
Two-Neutrino Decay	p. 187
Neutrinoless Decay: Light Majorana Neutrino	p. 189
Neutrinoless Decay: Very Heavy Majorana Neutrino	p. 191
Prospects	p. 192
Implications	p. 194
Conclusions	p. 196
References	p. 197
Neutrino Mixing Schemes	p. 199
Introduction	p. 199
Two-Neutrino Analyses	p. 199
Atmospheric Neutrinos	p. 199
Solar Neutrinos	p. 200
LSND	p. 201
Global Analyses	p. 202
Three-Neutrino Models	p. 202
Four-Neutrino Models	p. 204
Consequences for Masses and Mixings	p. 206
Three-Neutrino Models	p. 206
Four-Neutrino Models	p. 209
Long-Baseline Experiments	p. 210
Summary and Outlook	p. 211
References	p. 212
Theories of Neutrino Masses and Mixings	p. 217
Introduction	p. 217
Experimental Indications of Neutrino Masses	p. 218
Patterns and Textures for Neutrinos	p. 220
Solar and Atmospheric Data and Neutrino Mass Patterns	p. 222
Solar, Atmospheric and LSND Data and Scenarios with Sterile Neutrinos	p. 225
Why Neutrino Mass Necessarily Means Physics Beyond the Standard Model	p. 229
Scenarios for Small Neutrino Mass Without Right-Handed Neutrinos	p. 231
Radiative Generation of Neutrino Masses	p. 232
High-Mass Higgs Triplet and Induced Neutrino Masses	p. 233
The Baryogenesis Problem in Models Without Right-Handed Neutrinos	p. 234
The Seesaw Mechanism and Left-Right Symmetric Unification Models for Small Neutrino Masses	p. 235
SO(10) Realization of the Seesaw Mechanism	p. 239
Naturalness of Degenerate Neutrinos	p. 242
Theoretical Understanding of the Sterile Neutrino	p. 243
The E₆ Model for the Sterile Neutrino	p. 243
The Mirror Universe Model of the Sterile Neutrino	p. 246
Conclusions and Outlook	p. 248
References	p. 249
Neutrino Flavor Transformation in Supernovae and the Early Universe	p. 255
Introduction	p. 255
Matter-Enhanced Neutrino Conversion in Nonlinear Environments	p. 257
Core Collapse Supernovae	p. 265
The Early Universe and Cosmology	p. 277
References	p. 283
Hot Dark Matter in Cosmology	p. 287
Historical Summary	p. 287
Hot, Warm and Cold Dark Matter	p. 288
Galaxy Formation with HDM	p. 289
Mass Constraints	p. 289
Phase Space Constraint	p. 291
Free Streaming	p. 292
Problems with v DM	p. 293
Cold plus Hot Dark Matter and Structure Formation: _m = 1	p. 294
Evidence for Neutrino Mass from Oscillations	p. 297
Cold plus Hot Dark Matter and Structure Formation: _m ≈ 0.4	p. 299
References	p. 304
High Energy Neutrino Astronomy: Towards Kilometer-Scale Detectors	p. 309
Introduction	p. 309
Scientific Goals	p. 310
Galactic Sources	p. 311
Extragalactic Sourcesp	p. 313
Particle Physicsp	p. 317
Other Science	p. 318
Summary	p. 319
Large Natural Cerenkov Detectors	p. 319
Baikal, ANTARES, Nestor and NEMO: Northern Water	p. 321
AMANDA: Southern Ice	p. 323
References	p. 329
Index	p. 331
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Current Aspects of Neutrino Physics

At a Glance

Hardcover

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