Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Counseling

By: Linda Seligman

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Hardcover | 14 July 2004 | Edition Number 3

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Hardcover
488 Pages

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Revised

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22.86 x 15.24 x 3.18

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As the counseling field enters its second century, students and professionals face more challenges than ever before. Linda Seligman's essential text Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Counseling has evolved as well, and this third edition synthesizes the latest developments with the spectrum of counseling interventions to create a vital source of practical, up-to-date information. The author recognizes clinicians' varied roles - mentor, mediator, teacher, coach - and keeps them all in focus, assuring her readers of more effective treatment for clients and steadier footing on their own career paths.

Key features of the third edition:

- An overview of the changing face of counseling, from emerging employment opportunities to core competencies for counselors and trainers.
- A broad range of qualitative and quantitative assessment tools, with guidelines for their selection and interpretation.
- A thorough review of the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, including strategies for multiaxial assessment.
- The DO A CLIENT MAP, a comprehensive structured approach to treatment planning.
- Expanded coverage of individual, family, and group interventions
- An updated chapter on documentation, report writing, and record keeping, with sample reports and forms.
- Brand-new chapters on career and organizational development counseling, and ethical standards for counselors.
- A predictions chapter identifying trends most likely to influence the future of the field.
- Case studies, models, and examples throughout.

A worthy addition to any counselor education program, this important volume is equally useful to both beginning and seasoned counselors, whether the setting is the psychiatric clinic, the school, or the rehab center. Seligman clearly sets out the concepts and strategies the reader needs to know to be the flexible, proactive counselor of today - and tomorrow.

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The Evolving Role of the Counselor	p. 1
The Evolution of the Counseling Profession	p. 1
Definitions of Counseling	p. 2
Early History of the Counseling Profession	p. 3
Counseling in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s	p. 4
Counseling in the 1970s	p. 6
Counseling in the 1980s	p. 7
Counseling in the 1990s	p. 9
The Orlando Model Project	p. 10
Impact of Managed Care	p. 10
The Mental Health Counselor of the 21st Century	p. 12
Changes in Theory and Practice	p. 13
Legislation Affecting the Counselor of the 21st Century	p. 14
Profile of the Counselor of the 21st Century	p. 15
Credentialing for Counselors	p. 16
National Certification for Counselors	p. 16
Other Certifications for Counselors	p. 18
State Licensure and Certification for Counselors	p. 18
Accreditation of Counselor Education Programs	p. 19
The Education of the Mental Health Counselor	p. 20
The Master's Degree in Counseling	p. 20
The Doctoral Degree in Counseling	p. 21
Professional Associations for Counselors	p. 21
The American Counseling Association	p. 21
The American Mental Health Counselors Association	p. 22
Competencies of the Mental Health Counselor	p. 23
Opportunities for the Mental Health Counselor	p. 31
Overview of the Roles of the Mental Health Counselor	p. 31
Client Issues of Special Interest to Mental Health Counselors	p. 32
Age- and Stage-related Issues	p. 32
Multicultural Counseling	p. 35
Family Issues	p. 37
Trauma and Crisis	p. 38
Harmful Use of Substances	p. 40
Sexual and Other Addictions	p. 40
Chronic and Severe Mental Disorders	p. 41
Counseling Related to Medical Conditions, Health, and Wellness	p. 41
Career Concerns	p. 42
Other Issues	p. 43
Employment Settings for Mental Health Counselors	p. 43
Community Mental Health Centers	p. 43
Couples and Family Counseling Agencies	p. 44
Rehabilitation Counseling Agencies	p. 44
Residential Facilities	p. 47
Day Treatment Programs	p. 47
Crisis Intervention Settings	p. 47
Career Counseling and Employment Agencies	p. 48
Employee Assistance Programs and other Opportunities in Business and Industry	p. 48
Counseling in Schools and Colleges	p. 49
Military and Government Settings	p. 50
Religious/Spiritual Counseling Settings	p. 50
Wellness and Prevention Settings	p. 51
Specific Focus Agencies	p. 51
Consulting and Coaching	p. 52
Private Practice	p. 53
Cybercounseling	p. 53
Overview of Opportunities	p. 54
The Mental Health Service Providers	p. 54
The Mental Health Treatment Team	p. 54
The Mental Health Treatment Specialists	p. 55
Diagnostic Systems and Their Use	p. 61
The Importance of Diagnosis	p. 61
Benefits of Diagnosis	p. 61
Controversies and Limitations	p. 63
Maximizing the Benefits of Diagnoses	p. 64
Diagnostic Systems	p. 66
Development of the DSM	p. 67
Definition of a Mental Disorder	p. 68
Multiaxial Assessment	p. 68
Example of a Multiaxial Assessment	p. 70
The 17 Diagnostic Categories	p. 71
Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence	p. 71
Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, and Other Cognitive Disorders	p. 74
Mental Disorders Due to a General Medical Condition	p. 75
Substance-Related Disorders	p. 75
Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders	p. 76
Mood Disorders	p. 77
Anxiety Disorders	p. 79
Somatoform Disorders	p. 80
Factitious Disorders	p. 81
Dissociative Disorders	p. 82
Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders	p. 83
Eating Disorders	p. 84
Sleep Disorders	p. 84
Impulse-Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified	p. 85
Adjustment Disorders	p. 86
Personality Disorders	p. 86
Other Conditions That May Be A Focus of Clinical Attention	p. 88
Additional Codes	p. 90
Making a Diagnosis	p. 90
Decision Trees	p. 90
Key Questions for Diagnosis	p. 91
Supplements to the DSM	p. 93
Cases for Diagnosis	p. 93
Diagnosis of Cases	p. 95
The Use of Assessment in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning	p. 97
Overview of the Assessment Process	p. 97
Historical Overview of Assessment	p. 97
Conducting an Effective Assessment	p. 98
Benefits of Assessment	p. 99
Areas of Assessment	p. 100
Setting the Stage for Assessment	p. 100
Planning the Assessment	p. 101
Formulating Assessment Questions	p. 101
Selection of Inventories	p. 102
Preparing People for an Assessment	p. 103
Tools of Assessment	p. 103
Qualitative Approaches	p. 103
Nonstandardized Quantitative Approaches	p. 105
Standardized Quantitative Approaches	p. 107
Types of Inventories	p. 108
Measures of Ability	p. 108
Interest Inventories	p. 111
Personality Inventories	p. 112
Projective Personality Tests	p. 115
Other Sources of Assessment	p. 117
Frameworks for Understanding People	p. 117
Developmental Framework	p. 117
Multicultural Frameworks	p. 118
Psychological Frameworks: Strengths and Difficulties	p. 118
Medical and Neurological Frameworks	p. 121
Individualized Frameworks	p. 122
Process of Analysis and Interpretation	p. 122
Questions to Guide the Process	p. 122
Guidelines for Interpretation	p. 124
Examples of Frameworks for Interpretation	p. 124
Testing Framework	p. 124
Multicultural Framework	p. 125
Developmental Framework	p. 125
Diagnostic Framework	p. 125
Defensiveness Framework	p. 126
Discussion	p. 126
Intake Interviews and Their Role in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning	p. 127
Purpose of the Intake Interview	p. 127
Overview of the Intake Process	p. 128
Intake Personnel	p. 128
Information Gathering	p. 129
Depth and Duration of Intake Process	p. 129
Nature of Client	p. 129
Relationship of Intake Process to Treatment	p. 130
Conducting an Intake Interview	p. 131
Interventions	p. 131
Sequence of Topics in an Initial Interview	p. 133
Recording Information	p. 133
Concluding the Intake Interview	p. 134
The Comprehensive Intake Interview	p. 134
Mental Status Examination	p. 135
Outline of an Extended Intake Interview	p. 138
Transcript of Extended Interview	p. 142
Nature of an Intake Report	p. 149
Report of Intake Interview	p. 150
The Brief Intake Interview	p. 154
Examples of Brief Intake Interview Reports and Information Forms	p. 154
Making the Transition from Intake to Treatment	p. 158
The Nature and Importance of Treatment Planning	p. 161
Importance of Treatment Planning	p. 161
Suitability for Counseling	p. 162
Motivation	p. 162
Characteristics of the Client	p. 163
Nature of the Problem	p. 164
Model for Treatment Planning	p. 165
Diagnosis	p. 166
Objectives of Treatment	p. 166
Assessment	p. 170
Clinician	p. 170
Location	p. 172
Interventions	p. 173
Emphasis	p. 177
Number of People	p. 178
Individual Counseling	p. 178
Group Counseling	p. 179
Family Counseling	p. 180
Timing	p. 180
Length of Sessions	p. 181
Frequency of Counseling	p. 181
Duration of Counseling	p. 181
Pacing and Sequencing	p. 182
Medication	p. 183
Deciding Whether to Refer for Medication	p. 187
Adjunct Services	p. 188
Prognosis	p. 189
Theories and Strategies of Individual Counseling	p. 191
Effectiveness of Counseling	p. 191
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy	p. 193
Description of Approach	p. 194
Application to Clients	p. 194
Individual Psychology/Adlerian Counseling	p. 195
Description of Approach	p. 195
Application to Clients	p. 196
Person-Centered Counseling	p. 196
Description of Approach	p. 197
Application to Clients	p. 198
Gestalt Counseling	p. 198
Description of Approach	p. 199
Application to Clients	p. 199
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy	p. 200
Description of Approach	p. 201
Application to Clients	p. 201
Cognitive Therapy	p. 202
Description of Approach	p. 202
Application to Clients	p. 203
Behavior Therapy	p. 203
Description of Approach	p. 204
Application to Clients	p. 205
Reality Therapy/Choice Therapy	p. 206
Description of Approach	p. 206
Application to Clients	p. 207
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy	p. 207
Description of Approach	p. 208
Application to Clients	p. 208
Eclectic and Integrated Models of Counseling	p. 209
Multimodal Behavior Therapy	p. 209
Developmental Counseling and Therapy	p. 210
Thinking-Feeling-Acting Model	p. 211
Adaptive Counseling and Therapy/Readiness Model	p. 211
Stages-of-Change Models	p. 212
Other Models of Treatment	p. 212
Existential Therapy	p. 212
Transpersonal Counseling	p. 212
Postmodern, Constructivist, and Multicultural Approaches to Counseling	p. 213
Motivational Interviewing	p. 214
Power and Energy Therapies	p. 214
Additional Models	p. 215
Sample Treatment Plans	p. 215
Maria Sanchez	p. 215
Marty Leone	p. 218
Sample Cases	p. 221
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning for Families	p. 225
Importance of Family Counseling	p. 225
Historical Development	p. 225
Assessment of Family Functioning	p. 227
Presenting Problem	p. 228
Transgenerational Family History	p. 229
Family Life Cycle	p. 230
Family Structure	p. 232
Communication and Interaction Styles	p. 234
Family Rules, Roles, and Values	p. 234
Ethnic, Cultural, Spiritual, and Socioeconomic Background	p. 235
Differentiation of Self	p. 236
Significant Physical and Mental Conditions	p. 236
External Sources of Stress and Support	p. 237
Dynamics of Symptom Maintenance	p. 237
Strengths	p. 238
Special Circumstances	p. 238
Structured Assessment of Couples and Families	p. 238
Treatment Planning for Families	p. 239
Theories of Family Counseling	p. 242
Transgenerational/Systems Family Therapy	p. 242
Experiential/Humanistic/Communications Approach	p. 244
Structural Family Therapy	p. 245
Cognitive Behavioral Family Counseling	p. 246
Adlerian Family Counseling	p. 248
Strategic Family Therapy	p. 249
Solution-Focused Brief Family Therapy	p. 250
Constructivist and Narrative Approaches to Family Counseling	p. 251
Other Models of Family Counseling	p. 251
Milan Systemic Family Therapy	p. 251
Psychodynamic Family Counseling	p. 252
Examples of Treatment Plans for Families	p. 252
Treatment Plan for the Schwartz Family	p. 253
Cases for Treatment Planning	p. 256
Assessment and Treatment Planning for Groups	p. 259
The Use of Groups in Counseling	p. 259
Historical Development of Group Counseling	p. 260
Skills of the Group Counselor	p. 261
Initiating the Counseling Group	p. 262
Illustrative Case Study	p. 263
Importance of Motivation	p. 264
Group Environment	p. 265
Group Development	p. 265
Group Dynamics	p. 266
Planning the Treatment	p. 267
Diagnosis	p. 267
Objectives	p. 268
Assessment	p. 269
Clinician	p. 269
Location	p. 270
Interventions	p. 271
Emphasis	p. 271
Numbers	p. 272
Timing	p. 272
Medication	p. 273
Adjunct Services	p. 273
Prognosis	p. 274
Evaluation	p. 274
Treatment Models for Group Counseling	p. 276
Models Commonly Used in Both Individual and Group Counseling	p. 276
Models Used Primarily in Group Settings	p. 282
Group Counseling in Context	p. 285
Roles and Styles of the Group Counselor	p. 287
The Counselor as Fund-Raiser	p. 287
The Counselor as Mediator	p. 287
The Counselor as Teacher/Trainer	p. 288
The Counselor as Human Resource Specialist	p. 288
The Counselor as Supervisor	p. 288
Overview of Group Counseling	p. 288
Cases for Diagnosis and Treatment Planning	p. 289
Counseling For Career and Organizational Development	p. 291
Overview of Chapter	p. 291
Introduction to Career Development Counseling	p. 291
Introduction to Organizational Development	p. 292
Career Development	p. 292
History of Career Development Research, Theory, and Practice	p. 293
Factors Enhancing Development of the Field	p. 294
Career Development and Context	p. 295
Career Concerns and Context	p. 295
Career Counseling Skills	p. 296
Theories of Career Counseling and Development	p. 297
Trait and Factor Theory	p. 297
Personal Environment Correspondence Theory	p. 298
Holland's Typology	p. 298
Life-Span Life-Space Theory	p. 299
Circumscription and Compromise Theory	p. 301
Decision-Making Theory	p. 301
Theoretical Concepts of the Process of Career Decision-Making	p. 302
Hansen's Integrative Life Planning	p. 303
Cognitive Information Processing Perspective	p. 303
Values-Based Theory	p. 304
Learning Theory of Career Counseling	p. 304
Social-Cognitive Theories	p. 305
Other Relevant Theories	p. 306
Career Counseling with Diverse Clients	p. 306
Professional Development and Settings for Career Counseling	p. 307
Organizational Development	p. 308
History of Organizational Development	p. 308
Theories of Organizational Development	p. 309
Organizational Development and Counseling	p. 310
The Organizational Development Process	p. 311
The Intervention Process	p. 315
Evaluation	p. 316
Case Illustration in Organizational Development	p. 317
Kick-Off and Assessment	p. 317
Intervention	p. 318
Evaluation and Follow-up	p. 319
Conclusion	p. 319
Case Illustration of Career Development Counseling	p. 320
Planning the Treatment	p. 321
Documentation, Report Writing, and Record Keeping in Counseling	p. 325
Importance of Written Records	p. 325
Assessment Referrals and Reports	p. 326
Referral for Assessment	p. 327
The Assessment Process	p. 329
Psychological Assessment by a Counselor	p. 333
Consent to Treatment Form	p. 336
Sample Consent to Treatment Form	p. 337
Intake Questionnaires	p. 340
Safe-Keeping Contracts	p. 340
Sample Safe-Keeping Contract	p. 340
Release of Information	p. 341
Example of Release of Information	p. 341
Progress Notes	p. 341
Evaluation of Counseling Effectiveness	p. 344
Informal Evaluations	p. 344
Structured Interim Progress Reports	p. 346
Transfer Summary	p. 348
Case Conferences	p. 349
Closing Reports	p. 351
Follow-Up Evaluations	p. 353
Ethical and Professional Development for Counselors	p. 355
The Importance of Ethical and Professional Development	p. 355
The Importance of Ethical Standards and Practice	p. 355
General Ethical Principles	p. 356
Overview of ACA Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice	p. 357
The Counseling Relationship	p. 357
Confidentiality	p. 358
Professional Responsibility	p. 359
Relationships with Other Professionals	p. 360
Evaluation, Assessment, and Interpretation	p. 360
Teaching, Training, and Supervision	p. 360
Research and Publication	p. 361
Resolving Ethical Issues	p. 362
Ethical Decision-Making	p. 363
Application of Ethical Decision-Making Model	p. 364
Cases for Ethical Decision-Making	p. 366
Professional Development	p. 367
Developing Awareness of Your Strengths and Limitations	p. 368
Clarifying Your Professional Interests and Goals	p. 369
Expanding Your Knowledge Base and Conceptual Skills	p. 370
Earning Professional Degrees and Certifications	p. 371
Joining and Participating in Professional Associations	p. 372
Obtaining Employment as a Counselor	p. 373
Criteria for Rewarding Internships and Employment	p. 373
Selecting Supervisors and Obtaining Supervision	p. 375
Becoming Credentialed in Your Profession	p. 376
Credentialing Examinations	p. 377
Preparing for Credentialing Examinations	p. 381
Continuing Your Education and Development as a Counselor	p. 382
Your Personal Professional Development Plan	p. 383
Future Trends and Predictions in Counseling	p. 387
Three Editions of Predictions	p. 387
1986 Predictions	p. 387
1996 Predictions	p. 390
Current Predictions	p. 395
The Evolving Role of the Counselor	p. 395
Opportunities for the Mental Health Counselor	p. 396
Diagnostic Systems and Their Use	p. 397
The Use of Assessment in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning	p. 397
Intake Interviews and Their Role in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning	p. 398
The Nature and Importance of Treatment Planning	p. 398
Theories and Strategies of Individual Counseling	p. 399
Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment Planning for Families	p. 400
Assessment and Treatment Planning for Groups	p. 400
Counseling for Career and Organizational Development	p. 401
Documentation, Report Writing, and Record Keeping in Counseling	p. 401
The Importance of Ethical and Professional Development	p. 402
Conclusion	p. 403
References	p. 405
Appendix	p. 419
Overview of Key Questions Applied to DSM-IV-TR Categories	p. 420
Guide to Using the Tables to Make Diagnoses	p. 421
Using the Key Questions to Make a Diagnosis	p. 422
Disorders Characterized by Depressed or Elevated Mood	p. 422
Disorders Characterized by Maladaptive Behavior, Impulsivity	p. 423
Disorders First Evident in Early Years	p. 423
Sexual Problems	p. 425
Eating Problems	p. 426
Sleeping Problems	p. 427
Problems of Impulse Control	p. 428
Disorders Characterized by Anxiety, not Primarily in Response to Physical Complaints	p. 429
Disorders Generally Characterized by Medically Unverified Physical Complaints	p. 430
Disorders Characterized by Psychosis	p. 431
Disorders Characterized by Long-Standing, Pervasive Dysfunction	p. 432
Disorders Characterized by Cognitive/Memory Impairment or Dissociation	p. 433
Index	p. 435
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Counseling

At a Glance

Hardcover

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You Can Find This Book In

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