Series introduction | p. ix |
Acknowledgements | p. xi |
Introduction and background | p. xiii |
Context | p. 1 |
Sound generation and recording in the twentieth century | p. 3 |
Setting the context | p. 4 |
The effect of technology on sound production | p. 4 |
Musical changes from 1900-1950 | p. 5 |
Early systems for electronic sound generation | p. 9 |
Development of recording technology | p. 12 |
Electronic music studios | p. 14 |
Live electronic music | p. 16 |
Synthesisers | p. 17 |
Digital sound | p. 21 |
The performance interface | p. 23 |
Digital computers with performance interfaces | p. 24 |
The digital revolution | p. 26 |
Performance instruments in the MIDI age | p. 29 |
The microcomputer | p. 31 |
Systems for capturing performance gesture | p. 33 |
Interactive music environments | p. 35 |
Summary | p. 37 |
Sounds and signals | p. 39 |
Sound and signals in music technology and digital audio | p. 41 |
The electrical analogue of acoustic signals | p. 42 |
The nature and content of signals | p. 43 |
The effect of linearity and gain on the transmission of signals | p. 52 |
The effect of frequency response on the transmission of signals | p. 55 |
Summary | p. 59 |
Digital audio | p. 61 |
Preparation: frequency translation | p. 62 |
The sampling process | p. 66 |
Pulse code modulation (PCM) systems | p. 72 |
Characteristics of digital audio systems | p. 77 |
Synthetic audio systems | p. 82 |
Summary | p. 89 |
Music technology systems | p. 91 |
MIDI: connecting instruments together | p. 93 |
Musical background | p. 94 |
The environment from which MIDI emerged | p. 95 |
The development of MIDI | p. 96 |
Designing instrument connections | p. 98 |
The MIDI specification - hardware | p. 99 |
The MIDI specification - messages | p. 100 |
Format and construction of MIDI messages | p. 104 |
Extensions to the original MIDI specification | p. 111 |
Limitations of MIDI | p. 114 |
The future of instrumental connections | p. 115 |
Summary | p. 116 |
The structure of common music technology systems | p. 118 |
Types of electronic music equipment | p. 119 |
Methods of digital sound generation | p. 124 |
Methods of digital sound processing | p. 129 |
Digital sound generation techniques | p. 130 |
Digital sound processing techniques | p. 138 |
Summary | p. 167 |
Computer fundamentals | p. 169 |
An introduction to digital logic | p. 171 |
Elementary logic and binary systems | p. 171 |
Combinatorial logic and logic gates | p. 172 |
Functional description of the operation of gates | p. 176 |
Some simple examples of combinatorial logic circuits | p. 177 |
Sequential logic | p. 178 |
Summary | p. 182 |
Computers and programs | p. 183 |
The essential architecture of a computer system | p. 184 |
A look inside the central processing unit | p. 188 |
The representation of instructions in a computer | p. 194 |
The representation of data in a computer | p. 200 |
The components of programs | p. 204 |
Conditional branching and the program status word | p. 207 |
Subroutines and stacks | p. 209 |
Summary | p. 216 |
Interfacing: the use of the computer as a component | p. 217 |
Interfacing from the point of view of the programmer | p. 218 |
Interfacing from the point of view of the processor | p. 220 |
Interfacing from the point of view of the interface | p. 220 |
Parallel and serial ports | p. 224 |
Digital to analogue, and analogue to digital conversion | p. 226 |
Polled, interrupt driven and direct memory access (DMA) interfaces | p. 231 |
The Texas Instruments TMS320C30 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) | p. 238 |
The MIDI interface | p. 242 |
PC sound cards | p. 245 |
Summary | p. 247 |
Programming for sound generation and processing | p. 251 |
Computer programming for musical applications | p. 253 |
The need for computer programming | p. 254 |
Types of programming language | p. 254 |
Structured programming for music | p. 258 |
Programming at control rate | p. 259 |
Data generation and output | p. 261 |
Data input and transformation | p. 268 |
Summary | p. 271 |
Programming for audio and visual synthesis | p. 273 |
Programming at audio rate | p. 274 |
The unit generator concept | p. 274 |
Programming libraries | p. 275 |
MIDAS | p. 276 |
Audio synthesis and signal processing examples | p. 279 |
Programming for audio-visual synthesis | p. 290 |
Summary | p. 295 |
Interface design for the future | p. 297 |
Designing the musician-machine interface | p. 299 |
Human-computer interaction | p. 300 |
Styles of interface | p. 300 |
Models of user interaction | p. 304 |
User interfaces in computer music | p. 307 |
Suggested areas of change | p. 310 |
Design exercise | p. 315 |
Summary | p. 326 |
Index | p. 327 |
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