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Diving Into the Bitstream

Information Technology Meets Society in a Digital World

By: Barry Dumas

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Hardcover | 30 August 2012 | Edition Number 1

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296 Pages

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25.4 x 17.8 x 1.75

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Nationwide, and indeed worldwide, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of access to information. Accordingly, information technology (IT), broadly defined and its role beyond the internal workings of businesses has leapt into the social consciousness.

Diving into the Bitstream distinguishes itself by weaving together the concepts and conditions of IT. What distinguishes these trends is their focus on the impacts of IT on societies, and the responsibilities of IT's creators and users. The author pulls together important, often complex issues in the relationships among information, information technologies, and societal constructs.

The text explores a synopsis of these issues that are foundations for further consideration.

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Acknowledgments	p. xiii
About the author	p. xiv
Preface	p. xv
What's it all about?	p. 1
Foundation ideas, condensed	p. 1
Now let's look a little deeper	p. 3
Information	p. 3
Information technology	p. 3
The Internet and the Web	p. 4
New media, old media, mass media	p. 5
Societies and cultures	p. 5
The information age	p. 7
Consumer access	p. 8
Provider access	p. 8
Free expression, privacy, property, ownership	p. 9
Protection and security	p. 11
The military	p. 12
The e-biz buzz-e-commerce and e-business	p. 12
Education	p. 13
Artificial intelligence	p. 14
The green way	p. 15
And so-IT marches on, and we with it	p. 16
In sum	p. 18
Information to suit-as you like it	p. 20
Information-what is it?	p. 20
So we come to knowledge	p. 22
Where does information come from?	p. 23
We know you-data collection	p. 24
US politicos and the media wellspring-information sources too	p. 24
Truth or consequences	p. 26
Fact, fiction, and the in-between-evaluating information	p. 29
We are what we believe-selective narrowing	p. 30
Brain bias-a complication	p. 30
Can we suspend our beliefs?	p. 31
Understanding numbers-reading between the lines	p. 32
An aura of accuracy	p. 32
Precision may not be relevant	p. 34
Extreme values render averages misleading	p. 34
Forecasts presume continuance	p. 34
Correlation is not causation	p. 35
Comparability counts	p. 35
Missing information	p. 36
Rounding does not mean loss of accuracy	p. 36
Context eliminates vagueness	p. 37
And so-we are what we know	p. 37
Consequences	p. 39
The business difference-when too much information isn't	p. 39
Personalization-the answer or the question?	p. 40
Attention everyone-now hear this	p. 41
Who's on it first?	p. 41
Connections-the Internet, the Web, and the others	p. 44
In the beginning-a little shiny ball	p. 44
A modest start-the ARPANET	p. 45
Slow progress, then boom-the Internet	p. 46
So what actually is the Internet and how does it work?	p. 48
Finding the trees in the forest-the domain name system	p. 48
Sorry, we're all out of addresses-IP revisited	p. 51
Addresses galore and more-IPv6	p. 52
Connecting to the Internet	p. 53
Consumers and providers-the network neutrality debate	p. 53
The regulation dilemma	p. 55
On the go-bringing the Internet along	p. 56
The World Wide Web	p. 58
It began with a proposal	p. 58
So what actually is the Web?	p. 59
The Web 1-2-3	p. 59
Behind the portal	p. 60
A Web site for any business-or for you	p. 62
And the others	p. 63
And so-wielding power	p. 65
The persistent digital divide	p. 67
That is to say-free expression and privacy	p. 69
The free expression mandate	p. 69
Limits to protection	p. 70
Many limits are contextual	p. 71
Audience and purpose can make a difference	p. 72
So can the type of IT and the role of the FCC	p. 72
Broadcast media	p. 73
Different treatment for cell phones, VoIP, and cable TV	p. 74
Venue ownership takes precedence	p. 75
Censorship-the one-way street	p. 76
The Chinese experience	p. 77
Breaching the barriers	p. 78
A stealth approach	p. 79
Privacy complicates the picture	p. 79
A fuzzier mandate	p. 79
Disclosure	p. 82
Public lives, private lives	p. 84
IT affects outcomes	p. 85
Identifying the unidentified	p. 86
With our knowledge and without	p. 86
Personalization revisited	p. 88
Personalization's analog, data profiling	p. 88
The whistleblower-risk and reward	p. 89
Laws and protections, more or less	p. 90
WikiLeaks-global whistleblower, global hero, global villain	p. 90
Security-yet another complication	p. 92
And so-where do we stand?	p. 92
IT on the job	p. 92
Which leaves us where?	p. 94
What's mine is whose?-intellectual property	p. 99
Intellectual property-what and why	p. 99
Copyright-a little history	p. 100
The IT effect	p. 101
Legislators try to cope	p. 103
WIPO to the rescue	p. 105
The DMCA	p. 105
DRM invigorated	p. 106
BitTorrent joins the fray	p. 106
Unlocking content	p. 108
Copyright holders fight infringement	p. 109
Rethinking business models	p. 112
Patent-a little history	p. 113
WIPO steps in	p. 114
Types of patents	p. 116
Protection but not secrecy	p. 117
The IT effect	p. 117
Taking unfair advantage	p. 118
Legislative difficulty	p. 119
Patent cache-the new battle armor and armament	p. 120
Trademark-a little history	p. 121
Types of trademarks	p. 121
Trademark dilution	p. 122
And so-innovation stimulator or destroyer	p. 123
Copyright-sensible and strange	p. 123
Patents follow a similar path	p. 125
Trademarks-not quite as clear-cut as they seem	p. 127
It all comes down to this	p. 129
You, me, and everyone else-alone together and vice versa	p. 132
Relationships	p. 132
Some definitions	p. 133
A little history	p. 133
Bulletin boards-a precursor	p. 134
Fidonet, expanding reach	p. 135
Next up, social networks	p. 135
Aspects of socializing	p. 137
The socialization debates	p. 138
Business on board	p. 139
Impacts rising	p. 140
A variety of purposes	p. 140
Upending the social order-a spark and sometimes a flame	p. 144
And so-the many directions of impact	p. 151
Implications for control	p. 152
From the bottom-replacing formal organizations	p. 153
Spreading the news	p. 154
Too much of a good thing?-balance, please	p. 154
Attacks, bit by bit-from nuisance to cyber warfare	p. 157
A brief history of hacking	p. 158
A broad range of activities	p. 160
Inside out-leaky barriers	p. 162
The privacy sphere deflates	p. 163
A big bag of tricks	p. 164
Spam	p. 164
Denial of service attacks	p. 166
Spoofing	p. 167
Social engineering	p. 168
Malware	p. 170
Fighting back	p. 172
Firewalls	p. 173
Proxy servers	p. 173
Screening software	p. 173
Antivirus programs	p. 174
Spam avoidance	p. 174
Identification	p. 175
Human at the keyboard	p. 176
Two key user authentication adds security	p. 176
Code signing	p. 178
Securing transmissions	p. 178
Honeypots-laying a trap to catch hackers	p. 178
Cyber terrorism and cyber warfare-a rain of bit bombs to attack people, systems, and infrastructure	p. 179
Points of attack	p. 179
And so-keeping the bad guys at bay	p. 181
Security adds other issues	p. 183
Mind and machine-artificial intelligence	p. 187
A little history	p. 188
A different view	p. 191
The imitated mind	p. 191
Sense and sensibility	p. 192
Progress on many fronts	p. 193
Becoming ordinary	p. 200
And so-master or slave?	p. 201
Computing power-the end of the line?	p. 202
Day to day	p. 202
Mind and matter	p. 203
We are what we do-ethics and responsibilities	p. 206
A little background	p. 206
Some major concepts	p. 207
Conflict of interest	p. 208
IT enters the picture	p. 210
IT as a neutral actor	p. 211
IT as a preordained actor	p. 211
IT as an ethical actor	p. 212
Funding influences development	p. 213
Intersections	p. 214
Free expression	p. 214
Privacy	p. 217
Implications	p. 219
Intellectual property	p. 220
Artificial intelligence	p. 222
Professional ethics	p. 225
The green way	p. 226
And so-reaping what we sow	p. 228
The future lies ahead-we're off to see ...	p. 231
Some semi-persistent patterns	p. 231
Platform convergence	p. 232
Dedicated devices have a role	p. 233
Media convergence	p. 234
Cultural convergence	p. 236
The cloud	p. 237
More clouds in the forecast	p. 239
Revaluing privacy	p. 239
Identity, hidden or revealed	p. 240
Tracking and more	p. 242
Facial recognition software	p. 243
Legal safeguards fall short	p. 243
Network neutrality, up or down?	p. 244
The shifting digital divide	p. 246
Another look at Al	p. 248
The cyborg scenario	p. 249
Helping or snooping?	p. 249
Workforce shifts-old trend, new twist	p. 249
And so-the global imperative, keeping up with the chip	p. 251
Addendum	p. 255
Additional reading	p. 258
Index	p. 261
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Diving Into the Bitstream

Information Technology Meets Society in a Digital World

At a Glance

Hardcover

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