Introduction: a recurrent problem? | p. 1 |
The production of youth | p. 10 |
Working models: the idea of (normal) development | p. 10 |
So what is normal? | p. 11 |
Expectations and influences: the normative project | p. 15 |
'It's just a phase | p. 18 |
Difference and diversity: changing youth | p. 21 |
Explaining youth: development, discourse or rational choice? | p. 25 |
Youth: construction, production and reproducing | p. 28 |
The road to deviance: adaptation, drift or lifestyle choice? | p. 30 |
Choosing pathways? | p. 30 |
Making sense of their own lives: what is adolescence for? | p. 31 |
Situated normality: an established concept | p. 35 |
Adapting and criticising Merton: structure and action | p. 38 |
Drifting into crime: anomie in action? | p. 42 |
A changing world: contingency and choice? | p. 45 |
Towards a theoretical framework? | p. 48 |
Becoming criminal: what does the evidence tell us? | p. 50 |
The search for explanations | p. 50 |
The usual suspects: families and communities | p. 52 |
Offender characteristics: individualising explanations of crime | p. 56 |
Developmental and 'life-course' criminologies: squaring the circle? | p. 60 |
Groups and gangs: a developmental case study | p. 64 |
Accounting for youth crime: the need for a broader canvas | p. 68 |
Constructing crime and creating delinquents | p. 71 |
The problem of definition | p. 71 |
Discourse and crime | p. 72 |
The iron fist? Material realities of authority and control | p. 77 |
The materiality of power | p. 83 |
Ideology and practice in youth justice | p. 88 |
Recruiting young criminals: material practices | p. 91 |
'Pathways' and 'thresholds' | p. 91 |
Social exclusion: the authorised version | p. 92 |
Social exclusion and youth crime: a critical view | p. 98 |
Exclusionary processes: 'push' and 'pull' factors? | p. 103 |
Becoming young criminals: 'push' and 'pull'? | p. 108 |
Doing justice? | p. 111 |
The youth justice system: fit for purpose? | p. 111 |
So what's going on then? | p. 112 |
Taking the long view? 'Deep' accounts of youth justice | p. 118 |
Towards synthesis: the 'drivers' of youth justice policy and practice | p. 123 |
Going round in circles? The tension between fragmentation and unity | p. 129 |
Doing injustice | p. 130 |
Where are we now? | p. 130 |
Divide and rule? | p. 131 |
Division and discrimination | p. 137 |
Damage | p. 142 |
Doing injustice: an endemic problem | p. 147 |
The road to justice: liberal reform | p. 150 |
Making the case for change | p. 150 |
The reform(ist) agenda | p. 152 |
Reform: strategies and practice | p. 157 |
The limits of reform? | p. 162 |
Beyond compromise, beyond 'reform' | p. 168 |
The road to justice: radical alternatives | p. 170 |
The art of the possible? | p. 170 |
Prevention and inclusion | p. 171 |
At the threshold of the system: pursuing minimum intervention | p. 175 |
Community justice: keeping it local? | p. 179 |
Restorative practice: a progressive model? | p. 183 |
Signposts and maps: current practice and future possibilities | p. 187 |
Refraining justice for young people | p. 190 |
The problem of misalignment | p. 190 |
The lessons of experience: 'lost in translation'? | p. 191 |
The scale of the task: barriers to justice | p. 195 |
Justice and young people: a realistic goal? | p. 198 |
Visions and reality: a footnote | p. 202 |
References | p. 203 |
Index | p. 219 |
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