Preface.
About the Author.
1 Earthquake Risk Reduction.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Earthquake Risk and Hazard.
1.3 The Social and Economic Consequences of Earthquakes.
1.4 Earthquake Risk Reduction Actions.
References.
2 The Nature of Earthquakes.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Global Seismotectonics.
2.3 The Strength of Earthquakes ? Magnitude and
Intensity.
References.
3 Determination of Site Characteristics.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Local Geology and Soil Conditions.
3.3 Ground Classes and Microzones.
3.4 Site Investigations and Soil Tests.
References.
4 Seismic Hazard Assessment.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Crustal Strain and Moment Release.
4.3 Regional Seismotectonics.
4.4 Faulting.
4.5 Earthquake Distribution in Space, Size and Time.
4.6 The Nature and Attenuation of Ground Motions.
4.7 Design Earthquakes.
4.8 Faults ? Hazard and Design Considerations.
4.9 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment.
4.10 Probabilistic vs. Deterministic Seismic Hazard
Assessment.
References.
5 Seismic Response of Soils and Structures.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Seismic Response of Soils.
5.3 Seismic Response of Soil?Structure Systems.
5.4 Seismic Response of Structures.
References.
6 Earthquake Vulnerability of the Built Environment.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Qualitative Measures of Vulnerability.
6.3 Quantitative Measures of Vulnerability.
References.
7 Earthquake Risk Modelling and Management.
7.1 Earthquake Risk Modelling.
7.2 Material Damage Costs.
7.3 Estimating Casualties.
7.4 Business Interruption.
7.5 Reduction of Business Interruption.
7.6 Management of and Planning for Earthquakes.
7.7 Earthquake Insurance.
7.8 Earthquake Risk Management in Developing Countries.
7.9 Impediments to Earthquake Risk Reduction.
7.10 Further Reading and Software.
References.
8 The Design and Construction Process ? Choice of Form
and Materials.
8.1 The Design and Construction Process ?
Performance-Based Seismic Design.
8.2 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design.
8.3 Principles of Reliable Seismic Behaviour ? Form,
Material and Failure Modes.
8.4 Specific Structural Forms for Earthquake Resistance.
8.5 Passive Control of Structures ? Seismic Isolation and
Energy-Dissipating Devices.
8.6 Low-Damage Structures ? Damage Avoidance Design.
8.7 Construction and the Enforcement of Standards.
8.8 Developing Countries.
References.
9 Seismic Design of Foundations and Soil-Retaining
Structures.
9.1 Foundations.
9.2 Soil-Retaining Structures.
References.
10 Design and Detailing of New Structures for Earthquake
Ground Shaking.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Steel Structures.
10.3 Concrete Structures.
10.4 Masonry Structures.
10.5 Timber Structures.
10.6 Design of New Structures in Developing Countries.
References.
11 Earthquake Resistance of Services, Equipment and
Plant.
11.1 Seismic Response and Design Criteria.
11.2 Seismic Analysis and Design Procedures for Equipment.
11.3 Seismic Protection of Equipment.
References.
12 Architectural Design and Detailing for Earthquake
Resistance.
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Non-structural Infill Panels and Partitions.
12.3 Cladding, Wall Finishes, Windows and Doors.
12.4 Miscellaneous Architectural Details.
References.
13 Retrofitting.
13.1 Introduction.
13.2 To Retrofit or Not?
13.3 Benefit-Cost of Retrofitting.
13.4 Retrofitting Lifelines.
13.5 Retrofitting Structures.
13.6 Retrofitting Equipment and Plant.
13.7 Retrofitting in Developing Countries.
13.8 Performance of Retrofitted Property in Earthquakes.
References.
Appendix A Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (NZ8).
Appendix B Structural Steel Standards for Earthquake
Resistant Structures.
Index.
