| Preface | p. xiii |
| Introduction and Overview | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Why the Emphasis on Electro-Optical System Engineering? | p. 2 |
| Understanding the True Requirements | p. 4 |
| Understanding the Implied Variables | p. 7 |
| Modeling Philosophy | p. 10 |
| Spatial versus Frequency Domain Analysis | p. 12 |
| Parametric Analysis Modeling versus Synthetic Video Representation | p. 13 |
| Overview of the Book | p. 14 |
| References | p. 14 |
| Qualitative Discussion of Sensors | p. 15 |
| Wavelength Issues | p. 15 |
| Why the Choice of Various Spectral Bands? | p. 18 |
| Resolution | p. 21 |
| TV Sensors | p. 22 |
| Telescopic Sight | p. 25 |
| IR Sensing Systems | p. 27 |
| Basic FLIR Descriptions | p. 28 |
| Serial Scanned, Standard Video Devices | p. 31 |
| Parallel Scanned, Parallel Video System | p. 33 |
| Parallel Scanned, Standard Video Devices | p. 35 |
| Staring Arrays | p. 35 |
| Current Tactical Imaging Systems | p. 36 |
| FLIR Components | p. 37 |
| Cryogenics | p. 37 |
| Detectors | p. 39 |
| Advances in Detectors and Applications | p. 44 |
| A Look into the Future | p. 45 |
| Reference | p. 45 |
| Sources and Transfer of Radiation | p. 47 |
| Radiometric and Photometric Quantities | p. 47 |
| Physical Laws of Radiometry | p. 48 |
| Planck's Law | p. 48 |
| Wien's Displacement Law | p. 49 |
| Stefan-Boltzmann Law | p. 49 |
| Kirchhoff's Law | p. 50 |
| Lambert's Law | p. 51 |
| Calculation Aids and Data Sources | p. 53 |
| The Geometry of Radiative Transfer | p. 54 |
| Sources in Nature | p. 56 |
| Targets and Backgrounds | p. 65 |
| Blackbodies, Graybodies, and Reality | p. 65 |
| Targets | p. 66 |
| Backgrounds | p. 67 |
| Terrain Backgrounds | p. 67 |
| Marine Backgrounds | p. 69 |
| Sky Backgrounds | p. 70 |
| Uniform and Nonuniform Scenes | p. 71 |
| Faceted Targets | p. 72 |
| Background Statistics | p. 74 |
| Clutter | p. 76 |
| References | p. 78 |
| Atmospherics | p. 81 |
| Basic Processes | p. 81 |
| Extinction | p. 81 |
| Scattering | p. 83 |
| Absorption | p. 86 |
| Emission | p. 86 |
| Turbulence | p. 88 |
| Computational Methods | p. 88 |
| A Simple Visible Algorithm | p. 88 |
| Contrast | p. 88 |
| Visibility | p. 92 |
| Uvtran | p. 93 |
| Empirical Method for IR Extinction | p. 93 |
| Empirical IR Absorption | p. 95 |
| Empirical IR Scattering | p. 97 |
| Example of Empirical Method | p. 98 |
| Lowtran | p. 99 |
| Prediction Charts | p. 100 |
| Laser Wavelengths | p. 101 |
| Hitran and Fascode | p. 102 |
| Eosael | p. 102 |
| Precipitation | p. 102 |
| Rain | p. 102 |
| Snow | p. 104 |
| Turbulence | p. 105 |
| Overview of Atmospheric Modeling | p. 106 |
| References | p. 108 |
| System Modeling | p. 109 |
| Overview | p. 109 |
| Linear Systems | p. 110 |
| Dirac Delta Functions | p. 113 |
| Fourier Transform | p. 118 |
| Extensions to TV and FLIR Analysis | p. 120 |
| Frequently Used Functions and Useful Fourier Transform Pairs | p. 122 |
| Optics | p. 123 |
| Perfect Imaging Systems | p. 124 |
| Magnification | p. 124 |
| Effective Focal Length | p. 125 |
| Principal Planes | p. 126 |
| Ray Tracing | p. 127 |
| Stops and Pupils | p. 129 |
| Conjugate Relations | p. 131 |
| Field of View | p. 132 |
| Vignetting | p. 133 |
| Image Radiometry | p. 133 |
| Diffraction | p. 136 |
| Aberrations | p. 137 |
| Optical Transfer Function | p. 137 |
| Diffraction-Limited Imaging | p. 138 |
| Imaging with Aberrations | p. 139 |
| Afocal or Telescopic Systems | p. 141 |
| Electronics | p. 143 |
| FLIR Scanners | p. 144 |
| Type of Scanners | p. 145 |
| Scanning Techniques | p. 145 |
| Scan Patterns | p. 145 |
| Scanning Parameters and Signal-to-Noise Ratio | p. 147 |
| Dead Time Relationships | p. 148 |
| Variable Scan Velocity | p. 148 |
| Overlap (or Overscan) Relationships | p. 148 |
| Shading Effects | p. 149 |
| Summary of Scanning Mechanisms and Techniques | p. 150 |
| Detectors | p. 150 |
| Optical Detectors | p. 151 |
| IR Detectors | p. 154 |
| Common Detector Arrangements | p. 157 |
| MTF of a Sensor Using the SPRITE Detector | p. 157 |
| Signal Processing | p. 158 |
| ac Coupling | p. 159 |
| dc Restoration | p. 161 |
| Time Delay and Integration | p. 161 |
| Electronics MTF | p. 162 |
| High-Pass Filter | p. 162 |
| Low-Pass Filter | p. 162 |
| All-Pass Lead | p. 164 |
| Boosting Circuits | p. 164 |
| Displays | p. 164 |
| LED | p. 165 |
| CRT | p. 166 |
| Transfer Characteristics | p. 166 |
| Image Size | p. 169 |
| Resolution | p. 170 |
| System Magnification | p. 172 |
| Summary Performance Measures | p. 173 |
| MTF | p. 173 |
| TV-Limiting Resolution | p. 174 |
| Noise-Equivalent Temperature Difference | p. 175 |
| Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference | p. 176 |
| Minimum Detectable Temperature Difference | p. 179 |
| References | p. 180 |
| The Human Observer | p. 181 |
| Basics of Vision | p. 182 |
| Anatomy of the Eye | p. 182 |
| Foveal Vision | p. 183 |
| Acquisition of Targets | p. 186 |
| Contrast Threshold | p. 188 |
| Johnson's Criteria | p. 190 |
| Display Signal-to-Noise Ratio | p. 192 |
| Search | p. 194 |
| Motion | p. 194 |
| Acquisition Models | p. 195 |
| Probability of Acquisition | p. 195 |
| Early Models | p. 197 |
| MARSAM | p. 197 |
| SRI LLLTV Model | p. 200 |
| Bailey-Rand Model | p. 200 |
| C2NVEO Models | p. 202 |
| Spatial Domain Empirical Model | p. 203 |
| References | p. 204 |
| End-to-End Models | p. 207 |
| Introduction and Overview | p. 207 |
| Models to 1975 | p. 208 |
| SRI LLLTV Model | p. 208 |
| MARSAM FLIR Model | p. 211 |
| Bailey-Rand Model | p. 213 |
| The GAVID Model | p. 216 |
| Night Vision Lab Suite | p. 218 |
| NVL Static Performance (Ratches) Model | p. 218 |
| Image Intensifier Performance Model | p. 220 |
| FLIR90 | p. 222 |
| Other Contemporary Models | p. 223 |
| VOM | p. 223 |
| TTIM | p. 225 |
| The PHIND Model | p. 227 |
| VISDET and IRDET | p. 230 |
| VISDET | p. 231 |
| IRDET | p. 233 |
| Conclusion | p. 235 |
| References | p. 235 |
| Index | p. 237 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
