Electron Transport in Quantum Dots

By: Jonathan P. Bird (Editor)

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Hardcover | 31 August 2003

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488 Pages

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When I was contacted by Kluwer Academic Publishers in the Fall of 200 I, inviting me to edit a volume of papers on the issue of electron transport in quantum dots, I was excited by what I saw as an ideal opportunity to provide an overview of a field of research that has made significant contributions in recent years, both to our understanding of fundamental physics, and to the development of novel nanoelectronic technologies. The need for such a volume seemed to be made more pressing by the fact that few comprehensive reviews of this topic have appeared in the literature, in spite of the vast activity in this area over the course of the last decade or so. With this motivation, I set out to try to compile a volume that would fairly reflect the wide range of opinions that has emerged in the study of electron transport in quantum dots. Indeed, there has been no effort on my part to ensure any consistency between the different chapters, since I would prefer that this volume instead serve as a useful forum for the debate of critical issues in this still developing field. In this matter, I have been assisted greatly by the excellent series of articles provided by the different authors, who are widely recognized as some of the leaders in this vital area of research.

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Interactions, Spins and the Kondo Effect in Quantum-Dot Systems	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Atom-Like Properties of Electrons Confined in a Quantum Dot	p. 3
Tunable Spin States with Magnetic Field	p. 11
Spin Blockade in Single Electron Tunneling	p. 15
Energy Relaxation with and Without Spin-Flip	p. 21
The Kondo Effect in Quantum Dots	p. 29
Summary	p. 38
Microwave Spectroscopy on Single and Coupled Quantum Dots	p. 43
Introduction	p. 43
Aspects of Fabrication	p. 44
Measurement Techniques	p. 45
Coherent Modes in Quantum Dots	p. 50
Photon Assisted Tunneling in Quantum Dots	p. 57
Dynamic Response of Single Quantum Dots	p. 69
The On-Chip Spectrometer	p. 76
Non-Linear Transmission-Lines for Probing Single Dots	p. 77
Summary	p. 83
Nano-Spintronics with Lateral Quantum Dots	p. 87
Introduction	p. 87
Theoretical Framework	p. 88
Experimental Devices and Techniques	p. 92
Spin-Polarized Injection and Detection	p. 97
Coulomb and Spin Blockade Spectrum	p. 98
The First Few Electrons	p. 100
The v = 2 Regime	p. 104
The Spin Flip Regime	p. 111
Negative Differential Resistance Achieved by Spin Blockade	p. 116
Conclusions	p. 119
Novel Phenomena in Small Individual and Coupled Quantum Dots	p. 123
Introduction	p. 123
Models of Single and Double Quantum Dot Systems	p. 125
Non-Gaussian Distribution of Coulomb Blockade Peak Heights in Individual Quantum Dots: Porter-Thomas Distribution of Resonance Widths	p. 134
Spin and Pairing Effects in Ultra-Small Dots	p. 140
Coupling between Two Dots and Leads-Coherent Many-Body Kondo States	p. 146
Other Ultra-Small Devices and Phenomena	p. 153
Classical and Quantum Transport in Antidot Arrays	p. 159
Introduction	p. 159
Antidot Arrays	p. 161
Early Experiments and Pinball Model	p. 162
Chaotic Dynamics in Antidot Lattices	p. 167
Quantum Effects in Antidot Arrays	p. 173
Random Antidot Arrays	p. 182
Finite Antidot Lattices	p. 185
InAs Based Arrays	p. 188
Other Experiments	p. 197
On the Influence of Resonant States on Ballistic Transport in Open Quantum Dots: Spectroscopy and Tunneling in the Presence of Multiple Conducting Channels	p. 209
Introduction	p. 209
Some Comments about Semiclassical Theories and their Underlying Assumptions	p. 212
The Method of Calculation Used Primarily in this Work: A Fully Quantum Mechanical Treatment	p. 216
Conductance Resonances in Open Dots	p. 222
The Correspondence Between Conductance Resonances in Open Dots and Closed Dot Eigenstates	p. 234
The Effect of Finite Temperature and Ensemble Averaging	p. 244
Direct Comparisons of Theory with Experiment	p. 257
An Alternate Semiclassical Interpretation of Transport in Open Quantum Dots: Dynamical Tunneling	p. 266
Summary	p. 271
Acknowledgment	p. 272
A Review of Fractal Conductance Fluctuations in Ballistic Semiconductor Devices	p. 277
Introduction	p. 277
The Semiconductor Sinai Billiard: Can Chaos be Controlled with the "Flick of a Switch?"	p. 280
The Experimental Observation of Exact Self-Affinity	p. 283
The Interpretation of Exact Self-Affinity	p. 288
The Observation of Statistical Self-Affinity	p. 293
The Classical to Quantum Transition: How do Fractals "Disappear?"	p. 298
The Role Played by the Billiard Walls	p. 305
Conclusions	p. 309
Electron Ratchets--Nonlinear Transport in Semiconductor Dot and Antidot Structures	p. 317
Introduction	p. 317
Non-Linear Rectification in the Quantum Regime	p. 320
Nonlinear Transport in Antidot Structures	p. 336
Outlook	p. 353
Single-Photon Detection with Quantum Dots in the Far-Infrared/Submillimeter-Wave Range	p. 363
Introduction	p. 363
Fundamental Characteristics of the SET	p. 364
Designing a Single-Photon Detector	p. 366
Detection in Magnetic Fields	p. 367
Detection in the Absence of Magnetic Field	p. 387
Detector Performance	p. 392
Conclusion	p. 393
Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata	p. 397
Introduction	p. 397
The Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Paradigm	p. 399
Experimental Demonstrations of QCA: Metal-Dot Systems	p. 401
Molecular QCA	p. 411
Architecture for QCA	p. 417
Magnetic QCA	p. 421
Carbon Nanotubes for Nanoscale Spin-Electronics	p. 433
Introduction	p. 433
Spin Transport in Carbon Nanotubes	p. 438
Conclusions	p. 453
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Electron Transport in Quantum Dots

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